A small selection of examples of ancient layers, sites on the territory of Russia.
Kostenki
The Kostenkovsko-Borshchevsky complex of Stone Age sites are Paleolithic sites of ancient people discovered in the area of the village of Kostenki in the Khokholsky district of the Voronezh region. Monuments of the Aurignacian culture are concentrated here in a very small area: 25 sites of different times (including 10 multi-layered) occupy an area of 30 square meters. km.
Scientists, of course, argue that these are all cultural layers. But forget about the layers where there are more or less homogeneous layers of clay. These layers were formed in a very short time on a geological scale. Disaster signs are captioned on the photo.
Promotional video:
View of the museum and the area where excavations were carried out
Sungir
Upper Paleolithic site of an ancient man on the territory of the Vladimir region. The parking lot is located on the eastern outskirts of Vladimir at the confluence of the stream of the same name into the Klyazma River, a kilometer from Bogolyubovo.
Estimated age 25 thousand years. Sungir is one of the richest and most explored sites of ancient people: during the excavations, which were carried out for almost 30 years, about 70 thousand archaeological finds were made.
Thick clay layers, deposited in a short period, buried the village, which scientists consider to be cultural layers.
Reconstruction of a person's appearance from a burial.
Find during excavations.
And when reconstructing the appearance of people (Cro-Magnon), for some reason, for some reason, it was necessary to give a monkey's features (I'm talking about an average reconstruction).
Bulls
A group of Paleolithic sites on the Seim River near the village of Byki, Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Region. Age 21000-14000 years ago. Researched in 1978 by G. V. Grigorieva and in 1994-1999 by A. A. Chubur. Traces of capital insulated and light ground dwellings, numerous stone and bone products, and works of primitive art were found.
Settlement plan Byki (24 thousand BC). The inset, top left, shows a plan of the city of Arkaim on the same scale. On the right is a figurine of Mokosha from Avdeev (22 thousand BC).
Kobyakovo settlement
On the Kobyakovskaya gully, on the right bank of the Don, near the Aksai automobile bridge across the river. Don.
View of the Kobyakov settlement from the Don River.
Finds made during excavations:
Amulets from Egyptian faience.
Imported red-lacquered dishes of the 1st-2nd centuries AD
According to the official view, the materials of the Kobyakov settlements testify to the death of this culture, most likely as a result of a military clash. Or maybe a natural disaster?
Maidanetskoe. Tripoli
Maidanetskoe (updated perspective). Settlement plan 4 thousand BC 1 - contours of dwellings, 2 - contours of proposed dwellings and utility pits. 3 - household pits? 4 - coastal lowland.
The building density is different - from 7 to 11 dwellings per hectare, the probable number of complexes - up to 2,000 in Maidanetsky and 2,700 in Talyanki (this is the level of the number of estates of late medieval Novgorod). The construction was based on two-storey housing complexes.
Reconstruction of the protocity Maidanetskoe.
Settlements-giants of Trypillians in the Bugo-Dniester interfluve, the area of which is striking in its size: Talyanki - 450 hectares, Maidanetskoe - 250 hectares. Even in medieval times, this is the area of large cities. Geomagnetic surveys revealed that they numbered from 1,500 to 2,800 buildings arranged in concentric circles, which inhabited from 6 to 25 thousand inhabitants.
Trypillian culture is the settlements of Nebelevka, Gordashevka, Sandy. The earliest monument here is Talnoe-1 … Obviously, a somewhat later monument is Dobrovody ("proto-city" also with an area of up to 300 hectares). Then, here, at a distance of only 11 km from each other, two giant settlements appear: Talyanki and Maidanetskoe. Just 7 km from Maidanetskoye, two small settlements were discovered - Talnoe-2 and Talnoe-3, synchronous with it. A similar bush from three settlements, synchronous with Talyanki, was found near the village. Moshurov. The list can be continued with smaller villages.
Please note - a settlement of this scale has no defensive structures: ramparts, walls. This means that there was no external threat. And very often settlements of this scale became cities. And dozens of them have already been opened. Did not make it? Did something interrupt their lives?
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There is very little information, let alone photographic material, on this topic. It is understandable, because this pushes our history of the Scythians, Russes far back in time. Everybody and schoolchildren do not need to know this. I will also propose a version that many of these archaeological cultures are not so ancient. And what makes them ancient is a cataclysm that has sunk everything under thick layers of clay and sand. As can be seen on the cut in Kostenki, even volcanic ash is found. When the nearest volcano is thousands of kilometers away.
A complete list of Russian archaeological cultures can be found here.
When reconstructing the appearance of the inhabitants of some of these cultures, the following faces were obtained:
The line of anthropogenesis of the Russian Plain is males.
The line of anthropogenesis of the Russian Plain is women.
Quite ordinary, modern faces without the presence of "wildness" on the face. So maybe these cultures are a layer of one time? Only they were buried under different layers of clay and soil, and here scientists give them different ages. Judging by the list of archaeological cultures in Russia, they inhabited not only the European part of modern Russia, but all of Siberia and the Far East. But more on that next time …
Author: sibved