Arctida (also Hyperborea) is a hypothetical northern polar continent that supposedly existed in the recent geological past.
The term "Arctida" was proposed in the 19th century by the German zoogeographer I. Eger, who so called the "northern polar land", presumably connecting the New World with Eurasia through the polar regions. Later, the existence of Hyperborea was defended by the classic of Soviet Arctic oceanography Y. Ya. Gakkel, who, however, considered it to be a set of archipelagos. He wrote: “Many geological, geomorphological, zoogeographic, floristic, hydrobiological and some other data indicate that more significant than now, land areas existed in the Late Quaternary time not only within the shelf, but, apparently, in the Arctic pool; it is not excluded that along the strike of the largest submarine ridges, small islands stretched here in a ridge, which together formed Arctida. " According to Y. Ya. Gakkel, and the New Siberian Islands,and Wrangel Island are the remains of an ancient land. According to the hypothesis, the Svalbard archipelago, the islands of Franz Josef Land and Severnaya Zemlya, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and the modern underwater ridges of Gakkel, Lomonosov and Mendeleev towered over these territories, connecting America with Eurasia, were surrounded by land.
1. The Arctic continent on the map of Gerard Mercator in 1595. Mercator's Atlas, the first part of the Atlas with 51 maps of France, Germany and Belgium was published in 1585, the second with 23 maps of Italy and Greece in 1590 and the third with 36 maps of the British Isles was published after the death of Mercator by his son Rumold in 1595.
2. Globe of Beheim 1492. The "Earth apple" (German Erdapfel) is the traditional name for the globe created by Martin Beheim in Nuremberg. A dedication inscription at the South Pole says that the globe was made in 1492 by order of the city council. But in fact, according to existing documents, it was physically made in 1493-1494, and the city council paid for its creation only in 1494. This globe is the oldest surviving globe.
3. Map 1592. Mundo Prioris Hemisphaerii Sgrooten-Christian.
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4. Map 1531. Orontius-Fineus.
5. Map 1593 by Cornelius.
6. Hyperboreae_Gerard_de_Jode_1593_Map_Northern_hemispher.
7. Map 1607 Rumold Mercator.
8. Map 1596.
9. Chinese geographical map of the 18th century, the map was copied from the original of 1421.
10. World map of Oronteus Phinius (1532) - northern hemisphere.
