The dream of a person to acquire a time machine that can punch a hole in the space-time continuum will never lose its appeal.
The possibility of owning such an aggregate is a topic for "breaking the mind" of many giants of philosophy.
If earlier the idea to penetrate into the future or the past was a philosophizing of interested persons by the fireplace, and a topic for science fiction writers, along with other delights of the magical world, then already in our time of high technologies, "time guides" seem to lose their exclusivity on rapid travel to space. Since the advanced and brilliant scientists of our time do not deny the likelihood of travel along the "road" space - time.
The prerequisites for the possibility of displacement in time and space, although they were not stipulated in GR (general theory of relativity) by its creator A. Einstein, nevertheless, the author of the theory did not deny the likelihood of such a thing. On the contrary, it is often argued that the scientist of the last century even actively supported this idea, and left special bookmarks (thoughts) for his followers.
Before moving on, let's first define the very term "travel in time and space". Why, when they say a time machine, do they mean a space-time link? Based on the hypotheses of theoretical physicists, everything here is quite transparent for understanding.
Time machine, theoretical model in view
Let's say there is such a magnificent device as a time machine (let's say inherited from grandfather). Then, having set the required date on the active monitor / or by rotating the knobs (if you have an old model), where you want to move in time, the traveler will inevitably move in space.
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This phenomenon is formed by the movement of celestial mechanics, a process in which all cosmic objects participate. The planet rotates, and with it the calculated point of arrival is subject to rotation. Thus, the movement of the traveler occurs not only in time, but also in space.
To date, the most probable and even confirmed variant of travel along the "arrow of time" is travel in a vehicle moving at near-light speed, or exceeding that. True, in this case, time travel will take place in one direction, exclusively to the future.
To such conclusions, with the birth of the theory, scientists are pushed by many years of observation of the behavior of time on the ISS (International Space Station). As you know, the clock on the ISS, although barely, but still goes slower than on Earth, showing the difference in the course of time.
The phenomenon is based on relativistic mechanics, in particular, a movable clock runs slower than a stationary clockwork, which is also due to the influence of gravitational forces.
How significant could the effect of such a shift into the future be? As one of the assumptions suggests: a body of large mass, accelerated to sublight speed, will experience a distortion of the space-time structure and distort it to a large extent. That will cause the formation of those conditions under which, relative to the external world, there will be a slowdown in the flow of time on the object.
That is, if you imagine yourself as an outside observer from the outside world, watching the flight of a ship rushing at a similar speed for a century, then those inside the ship will spend only minutes in this state. This is the theory of relativity in reality, sounding in relation to our case and talking about the magnitude of the temporary displacement.
Although in this version, of course, one cannot speak of a full-fledged travel in time, since when moving at "speed-faster-than-light" you can only get into the future, the events of which, by the way, might not have happened yet. But in any case, it will not be possible to go back to your real time using this option.
Of course, our time does not allow us to test the guess of theoretical physics experimentally; insufficiently developed technologies impose restrictions on this.
Nevertheless, the famous genius of our time, theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking assures; to travel in time towards the future, the device will only need to gain 98% of the speed of light, already at this speed, the effect will manifest itself quite clearly. On which, according to the scientist's assumptions, a spacecraft launched from Earth will spend about 6 years.
The uniqueness of this experience lies in the fact that the apparatus, in order to achieve the required speed, in general, does not need to fly anywhere, say to the Pleiades or the constellation Bootes. It will be enough to circle not far from the Earth, gaining the necessary speed, so that everyone can observe the course of the experiment.
According to theoretical calculations, in this case, a curious, but quite expected phenomenon will occur, while a day will pass on a ship flying at a monstrous speed, on Earth the time in one ship's day will measure 365 days!
However, whether we like it or not, we will have to admit the obvious thing - there will be no instantaneous movement in time in this case. As a time traveler, it will take some time to accelerate the "time machine".
It should also be borne in mind that plunging into the future for a given amount of time, the traveler will have to live at about light speed for some time.
Hawking: Invite Time Travelers to a Party
But with the idea of sinking the arrow of time, with the hope of making a journey into the past, you will have to part! Alas and ah, but the past cannot and cannot be corrected. - Professor Hawking assures that travel to the past is impossible, because it crosses all the foundations of science (at least for today).
By the way, once a professor conducted a unique "experiment", a physicist threw a party to which only time travelers were invited.
It's a strange thing, but it is not known exactly how the party ended and what its result was. Since there were no strangers on it, it remained unknown what the professor talked about with the travelers, if such came, of course.
At the same time, the scientist's extravagant trick allegedly showed that travel to the past is impossible. Otherwise, why wouldn't time travelers in the past come to the party? Meanwhile, many felt that not all parties are attended.