Biotron - The Soviet City Of The Future - Alternative View

Biotron - The Soviet City Of The Future - Alternative View
Biotron - The Soviet City Of The Future - Alternative View

Video: Biotron - The Soviet City Of The Future - Alternative View

Video: Biotron - The Soviet City Of The Future - Alternative View
Video: Alternate Future of Belarus 2020-2072 2024, March
Anonim

In the 1970s, Soviet urbanism moved away from the concept of a "linear city". The more advanced system was seen as "Biotrongrad". It was a series of 55-storey buildings, each of which would house 5 thousand people. Ten biotrons would make up a self-sufficient mini-city that provided itself with everything necessary. Ten biotrons - regional center. Ten regional centers are the regional center. All parts of this system would be connected by a vacuum train at a speed of 900 km / h. Soviet urbanists dreamed that as a result of the convergence of West and East, capitalism and socialism, the whole world would be covered with such "Biotrong cities".

Since the 1920s, Soviet designers have modeled "linear cities" - dense buildings along a transport artery. In conditions of a shortage of resources, such cities seemed ideal: they had 3-4 times less expenditure on communal infrastructure (electricity, water, heating) and transportation per unit of living space and public space.

The width of the building was supposed to be such that a resident could get out of the city in 20 minutes (i.e., no more than 1.5 km). At regular intervals in a linear city there would be shops, cultural institutions and production workshops. (In some versions of the projects, the industrial zone stretched parallel to the residential one - along the other side of the road). Thus, the result was a megalopolis stretched for tens (or even hundreds) kilometers. But at the same time it was possible to leave it on foot in 15-20 minutes - and immediately be in nature.

Nikolai Milyutin was considered the first developer of the "linear city" in the USSR. His assistants were architects who worked in the Construction Committee of the RSFSR: I. Leonidov, M. Ginzburg, A. Pasternak. Together with the architect V. Semyonov, they managed to develop and implement a project for the largest belt-type city - Stalingrad. The city consisted of two parallel lanes - industrial and residential. A green protective zone stretched between them, on the territory of which there were catering establishments, factory gates and other institutions. With the expansion of the enterprise or with the addition of other factories to it, the industrial zone could lengthen without hindrance, and along with it, the living and natural zone parallel to it automatically grew. The distance between the belt of factories and the belt of dwellings was determined at 500-700 m (maximum 1500 m), depending on the hazard category of the enterprises. As a result, Stalingrad / Volgograd stretched for 60 km in a narrow strip.

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But for the mass construction of linear cities, high-speed transport was required: passenger trains had to have a speed of at least 200 km / h (only today such speeds in Russia were reached by German Sapsans), so that people could spend 100-200 km on a road in cities no more than 45 minutes from home to work. The track was to be supplemented by high-speed trams and other public transport. The Soviet Union could not handle such complex urban systems. And then, in the 1970s, projects of "compact cities" appeared, whose principle was similar to "linear cities" in only one thing: proximity to nature, which would start right from home.

In a concentrated form, such a project - called Biotrongrad - was presented in the journal Technics for Youth, No. 12, 1978, by a Bulgarian author under the pseudonym Nikolai Hristov. His real name is Nikolai Bliznakov. He was a renowned science fiction writer. We present his article "Biotrongrad - the city of the future".

“What will the city of the near future look like? This question is of interest not only to urbanists and futurologists, but also to everyone who plans to develop various areas of human activity for decades ahead. Young people are also interested in this issue, since the near future belongs to them.

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The proposed model of the city of the future - Biotrongrad - is not a utopia, since it is based on modern scientific achievements of biology and technology. Biotrongrad is a linear city made up of biotrons linked into a single communication system.

Biotron is a 55-storey building for 5 thousand people, where everything necessary for the daily needs of its residents is produced. The building consists of three main parts: residential, service and production. The residential part is located on three climatically favorable sides of the building, starting from the fifth floor and above. There are apartments for five thousand people on fifty floors. The first five floors have a public kitchen, schools, gyms, a cinema, a clinic, and laboratories. ateliers, offices, clubs, rooms for games and entertainment.

The central part of the building, its core, is a four-sided prism that runs along the entire height of the building and rises slightly above the surrounding residential part. There are plantations, farms, production workshops, treatment facilities. Each biotron is built according to an individual project.

Technoplantations are fully automated. On multi-storey shelves without soil, in artificial solutions and under electric lighting, all the crops necessary for feeding people and pets, as well as for making clothes, are grown.

Pets, birds and fish are kept on farms equipped with climate control and air purification and waste disposal facilities. All the necessary products of animal and vegetable origin are produced here.

Wastewater is discharged through separate pipes of the Biotron sewer network and enters the appropriate purification or regeneration facilities.

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Exactly the same structure and mode of operation of the automated biotron systems make it possible to use remote control according to unified programs using a computer and long-distance communication technology.

The production prism on each floor is surrounded by a corridor, where the doors of apartments and production services, stairs and elevators open. In each biotron, you can order clothes and shoes made from natural fibers, leather and fur.

Biotrons are located five in a row, over three kilometers. Each two rows are connected by a district center, which houses administrative services, communication centers, theaters, a library, and exhibition halls. The district center serves the 50,000 population of all ten biotrons. Every tenth regional center is regional. It has higher educational institutions, scientific institutes, and administration.

Biotrongrad is located in a huge park 5 km wide and unlimited in length. The strip of parks with biotrons, ramified and forming a common network, covers the entire planet, located in the most beautiful parts of the continents.

The transport inside the biotron is passenger and goods elevators, conveyors, and automatic electric cars.

The connection of biotrons with the regional center is carried out by transport cabins located in a gallery that runs shallow underground. Projects for this type of transport have already been developed. When called, the car is separated from the conveyor and, with the help of an elevator, reaches the apartment on the corresponding floor, and, if necessary, delivers passengers to the subway train car that connects the regional centers.

For long distances, high-speed vacuum pipeline transport on a magnetic levitation is used. In the tunnel, at a depth of 50 m, there are two parallel steel pipes, each with a diameter of 3.66 m, in which a vacuum is maintained. The stations are located every 200 km, and the segments between them are absolutely straight. At stations in the airlock at normal pressure, passengers are transferred to other lines. The cars are designed for 136 passengers. A linear electric motor propels trains up to 900 km / h.

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Thus, the transport network of Biotrongrad, hidden under the ground, does not prevent people from living: only pedestrians walk on the surface in beautiful parks. Beautiful and majestic biotrons rise among flowers and trees, and between them there are children's and sports grounds, swimming pools, beaches and stadiums.

The city of the future will undoubtedly be the city of the finally completed scientific and technological revolution, which means complete mechanization and automation of production. It will be a city of peace, a city of a person who has reached perfection in his physical and spiritual development, and humanity, who has reached the pinnacle of his social relations and social organization.