It seems that there is not a single person who has not heard about the mysterious circles that appear from time to time in the fields in various countries. Patterns appear overnight, they come in all sizes and are united only by incredible geometric correctness.
The patterns are obtained due to the fact that in certain areas the cereals lie down in an intricate way, sometimes twisting into something like dreadlocks. If we discard the version of the hoax, then scientists still cannot explain the origin of the mysterious crop circles. The more circles appear on the earth's surface, the more disputes arise, but "things are still there." Unfortunately, there is still no scientific theory to explain this phenomenon.
The patterns on the margins are geometrically correct, some contain various complex theorems. The ears are twisted into a spiral, which uses the same logarithmic proportions as the Fibonacci numbers or the golden ratio. The “bottom” of a figure can have up to five layers, and the wheat in each layer is twisted in the opposite direction to the previous one. Each spikelet in them lies neatly next to the other. In the center of the circle, ears can intertwine in a cunning way, and often in the center there can be only one erect ear or an intact bundle of ears. The circles can be "scanned" with the vine even the next year when the field is re-plowed. The diameter of the crop circles sometimes reaches 300 m.
They write a lot about this phenomenon, especially all sorts of sites devoted to anomalous phenomena, UFOs and other fashionable topics are trying. Another thing is interesting: the sites on which reasonable and real information is really laid out are either closed or do not have free access. I wonder why?.. Maybe the secret of the appearance of mysterious patterns is actually beyond our understanding? Let's try to figure it out.
Crop circles began to amaze many, starting with their alleged first appearance in the 70s. XX century. near Stonehenge. And now they mostly meet in Wiltshire, near Stonehenge. The first circles on cereals attracted the attention of serious researchers in August 1980. In the oat field of farmer John Scull in Wiltshire, three sharply-edged circles appeared each with a diameter of about 18 m. Within each geometrical figure, crumpled oat stalks formed a spiral from the center. There were few damaged stems. Analysis of the soil showed nothing unusual, and the Geiger counter did not indicate abnormal radiation.
More than 10,200 crop circles appeared in the last third of the 20th century, and more than 90% of them were located in southern England. According to the study, about 50% of all circles found in the UK in 2003 are located within 15 km of Avebury.
In the 80s. XX century crop circles began to change shape. There were squares, rectangles, some figures resembled ancient rock paintings. At the same time, observers noted strange light, high-frequency sounds, and malfunctions of electronic equipment. The phenomenon has spread to the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand. It was also found in the rice fields of Japan. By the beginning of the 90s, more than 20 thousand (!) Circles were counted around the world. The perplexed researchers noted that the plants inside them continue to grow normally, but only … lying down.
Later, whole compositions of circles were discovered - pictograms. These were quite complex, sometimes puzzling drawings: "fivefold" - a large circle enclosed in a ring of four satellite circles, "dumbbells" - two circles connected in the middle by a straight line, and other patterns.
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Perhaps there are much more patterns and they began to appear much earlier. The thing is that standing on the field, it is impossible to understand what pattern the bruises of the cereals are in. This is only noticeable from a bird's eye view. Or from a nearby hill.
The fact that circles are a phenomenon that first appeared not at all in the twentieth century is evidenced by publications not only of past years, but also of past centuries. For example, there is a brochure The Mowing-Devil, published in 1678. It contains 5 sheets and drawings, one of which is a pattern across the field. The story described in the brochure took place in August 1678 in Hertfordshire. A wealthy, hardworking farmer lived there. He went to a poor neighbor who worked mainly in the summer in the harvest, in order to arrange that he would mow his oats. However, the neighbor asked too high a price. After a little verbal skirmish, the farmer said that he was refusing the services of a neighbor. However, he suddenly realized that if he was left without this little work, then in the future the farmer would not offer him anything, ran after him and said,that he is willing to get the job done for less than what he has offered to anyone this year. However, the farmer replied to this that he would deal with the neighbor only if the devil himself mows his oats, and went away. On the same night, according to the testimony of several pilgrims, the field was engulfed in flames. The farmer was told about this in the morning and went to see. Further, a translation close to the text: "… the inquisitive Farmer quickly arrived at the place where his oats grew, and to his delight he found that the oats were cut and ready for harvest; and since the Devil had a plan to show his dexterity in the art of harvesting, and disdained the usual way of beveling, he cut the stems in circles, and positioned each straw with a precision that would take centuries for any person who decided to do it. And the person who owns them is still afraid to remove them. "than he offered to anyone this year. However, the farmer replied to this that he would deal with the neighbor only if the devil himself mows his oats, and went away. On the same night, according to the testimony of several pilgrims, the field was engulfed in flames. The farmer was told about this in the morning and went to see. Further, a translation close to the text: "… the inquisitive Farmer quickly arrived at the place where his oats grew, and to his delight he found that the oats were cut and ready for harvest; and since the Devil had a plan to show his dexterity in the art of harvesting, and disdained the usual way of beveling, he cut the stems in circles, and positioned each straw with a precision that would take centuries for any person who decided to do it. And the person who owns them is still afraid to remove them. "than he offered to anyone this year. However, the farmer replied to this that he would deal with the neighbor only if the devil himself mows his oats, and went away. On the same night, according to the testimony of several pilgrims, the field was engulfed in flames. The farmer was told about this in the morning and went to see. Further, a translation close to the text: "… the inquisitive Farmer quickly arrived at the place where his oats grew, and to his delight he found that the oats were cut and ready for harvest; and since the Devil had a plan to show his dexterity in the art of harvesting, and disdained the usual way of beveling, he cut the stems in circles, and positioned each straw with a precision that would take centuries for any person who decided to do it. And the person who owns them is still afraid to remove them. "However, the farmer replied to this that he would deal with the neighbor only if the devil himself mows his oats, and went away. On the same night, according to the testimony of several pilgrims, the field was engulfed in flames. The farmer was told about this in the morning and went to see. Further, a translation close to the text: "… the inquisitive Farmer quickly arrived at the place where his oats grew, and to his delight he found that the oats were cut and ready for harvest; and since the Devil had a plan to show his dexterity in the art of harvesting, and disdained the usual way of beveling, he cut the stems in circles, and positioned each straw with a precision that would take centuries for any person who decided to do it. And the person who owns them is still afraid to remove them. "However, the farmer replied to this that he would deal with the neighbor only if the devil himself mows his oats, and went away. On the same night, according to the testimony of several pilgrims, the field was engulfed in flames. The farmer was told about this in the morning and went to see. Further, a translation close to the text: "… the inquisitive Farmer quickly arrived at the place where his oats grew, and to his delight he found that the oats were cut and ready for harvest; and since the Devil had a plan to show his dexterity in the art of harvesting, and disdained the usual way of beveling, he cut the stems in circles, and positioned each straw with a precision that would take centuries for any person who decided to do it. And the person who owns them is still afraid to remove them. "and walked away. On the same night, according to the testimony of several pilgrims, the field was engulfed in flames. The farmer was told about this in the morning and went to see. Further, a translation close to the text: "… the inquisitive Farmer quickly arrived at the place where his oats grew, and to his delight he found that the oats were cut and ready for harvest; and since the Devil had a plan to show his dexterity in the art of harvesting, and disdained the usual way of beveling, he cut the stems in circles, and positioned each straw with a precision that would take centuries for any person who decided to do it. And the person who owns them is still afraid to remove them. "and walked away. On the same night, according to the testimony of several pilgrims, the field was engulfed in flames. The farmer was told about this in the morning and went to see. Further, a translation close to the text: "… the inquisitive Farmer quickly arrived at the place where his oats grew, and to his delight he found that the oats were cut and ready for harvest; and since the Devil had a plan to show his dexterity in the art of harvesting, and disdained the usual way of beveling, he cut the stems in circles, and positioned each straw with a precision that would take centuries for any person who decided to do it. And the person who owns them is still afraid to remove them. "… The inquisitive Farmer quickly arrived at the place where his oats were growing, and to his delight found that the oats were cut and ready for harvest; and since The devil had a plan to show his dexterity in the art of harvesting, and despised the usual way of mowing, he cut the stems in circles, and arranged each straw with an accuracy that would take centuries for any person who decided to do it. And the person who owns them is still afraid to remove them. "… The inquisitive Farmer quickly arrived at the place where his oats were growing, and to his delight found that the oats were cut and ready for harvest; and since The devil had a plan to show his dexterity in the art of harvesting, and despised the usual way of mowing, he cut the stems in circles, and arranged each straw with an accuracy that would take centuries for any person who decided to do it. And the person who owns them is still afraid to remove them."
In the journal Nature of July 29, 1880, quite a lot of space is devoted to "circles". True, we are talking about wild grass, not cereals. The magazine contains descriptions of the circles, their size, the type of herbs on which the patterns appear. “Some are a third of a circle, others are semicircular. Others - a quarter or a sixth of the corresponding circles … Not only single, but sometimes double and triple circles, one inside the other … Less often there are square shapes inscribed in a circle. " The author of the article tries to explain the formation of the described circles, rejecting the idea that they are used (and, accordingly, formed) by witches, elves or fairies for their dances. The main idea put forward is that these circles are formed as a result of a lightning strike, and the author tries to explain their diversity bythat lightning strikes from different distances (depending on the height of the cloud cover), sometimes repeatedly, and the lightning itself can be different … “When studying from a closer distance, it turned out that they all had a similar character, namely: several standing stems in the center, a certain number of creeping stems with ears arranged fairly evenly and forming a circle around the center, and outside of all this there is a round wall of stems that were not damaged … Perhaps similar phenomena were noticed elsewhere by some of your readers. "located fairly evenly and forming a circle around the center, and outside of all this - a round wall of stems that were not damaged … Perhaps similar phenomena were noticed elsewhere by some of your readers. "located fairly evenly and forming a circle around the center, and outside of all this - a round wall of stems that were not damaged … Perhaps similar phenomena were noticed elsewhere by some of your readers.
It is worth adding a later source - the magazine Around the World (No. 4, 1965) “In the clear morning sky, an airplane circled. Villages, arable lands, copses of ancient Burgundy floated under the wing. Professor Gogey, an avid aerial photographer, captured the most spectacularly illuminated landscapes. The plane flew along the Burgundy Canal. Suddenly … Gogey stopped believing his eyes. Not far from the city of Dijon, in a field of alfalfa, he saw a huge, regular-shaped ring. It seemed that a giant circle was hidden under the ground - and the grass, thicker and brighter than in the entire field, clearly outlined it. Other rings were visible nearby, though not so noticeable and smaller. Gogey lost his peace. What is hidden under the ground? Which century or millennium has left its mark on the alfalfa field? Gogey shared his discovery with archaeologists. Preparatory archaeological work began, and a number of hypotheses arose. Some scientists suggest that under the green circles are hidden sanctuaries of the Bronze Age, others expect to find underground the remains of a medieval castle, once surrounded by a moat through which water flowed. In their opinion, groundwater continues to circulate even now, providing additional moisture to plants. But so far the mysterious circles in the alfalfa field remain a mystery."
Over time, new information began to appear and old information was clarified. So, according to the well-known Russian researcher, head of the international project "Cosmopoisk", Vadim Chernobrov (who, by the way, gave interviews to our newspaper more than once), mysterious circles appear in large numbers not only in England, but also in Russia. Numerous legends and legends telling that at night the crops in the fields bend in incomprehensible circles by devils and witches, existed almost throughout Europe, including Russia. After a long period of ridiculing these prejudices, scientists around the world started talking seriously about circles and began to study this mysterious phenomenon. The first to publish data and photographs of incomprehensible phenomena were the Australians in 1966. The British won the right to call these circles by the name of their native country only thanks to their ardent love for everything out of the ordinary. After all, everyone knows how much they adore both their ghosts and their spirits. And then, due to natural punctuality, the British methodically recorded the appearance of all sorts of incomprehensible phenomena in their fields.
After a special symposium was organized in London to study these circles, a science arose called cereology - on behalf of Ceres, the Roman goddess of fertility. Spears at the symposium broke in earnest: researcher Terence Meaden defended his idea that crop circles arise due to unknown atmospheric phenomena. Paul Fuller insisted on the theory of their extraterrestrial origin, Jan Mrzhiglod claimed that it was all a clever hoax, and cited information how in 1986 an influential newspaper tried to pay farmers big money to create circles on their land. Russian physicist Andrey Olkhovatov suggests that circles are some form of energy exchange between the earth's crust and the atmosphere. Other hypotheses were also put forward: air vortices, microtornadoes, UFO hovering and even … weddings and round dances of large families of hedgehogs and "tricks" of ants!And no need to laugh at the latest version! For all its exoticism, it has a certain healthy grain.
The author of this strange, unexpected and original version is one of the leading entomologists in Great Britain, Professor Robert Eastwall. He believes that the mysterious crop circles in order to establish contact with people are made by very intelligent ants of an unknown species. After checking soil samples at the places where the circles appeared, Eastwall quickly found confirmation of his theory: traces of ants' activity were clearly visible on the ground. The complexity of the patterns they left indicated that they were not simple, but very clever creatures.
Entomologists have long known that certain species of insects, especially bees and ants, use the language of body movements to communicate. However, there was not a single case known before that they left written messages on earth. In recent years, Eastwall has been working with several linguists to decipher these "letters." One of them, already translated, reads: “Hello! Do not be afraid of us. We will come soon. " From him and others it becomes clear that the ants consider themselves the masters of the Earth, not people.
Professor Eastwall believes that somewhere deep underground lives a species of ants unknown to scientists, which are sent to the surface of an "expedition" to try to make contacts with people. Now, along with the further translation of the ant messages, Eastwall intends to conduct excavations in the fields with circles in the hope of catching at least one mysterious insect.
Perhaps the most intelligible is the point of view of T. Meden, who considered electrified vortices to be the cause of crop circles. True, it does not explain why the vortices act with pinpoint accuracy …
Residents of those areas where patterns appear in the fields, most often speak in favor of the ufological version: patterns are the landing sites of UFOs. According to serious researchers, this is a "distracting" theory for lovers of green men. Why do aliens need such quirks? Why do alien ships need such patterns? Is it more comfortable to sit on them? Or are UFOs at such a low level of technical development that they cannot land without identification marks ?!
Recently, a very interesting theory has appeared that explains the mysterious patterns well. Crop circles are the result of the action of certain fields (informational, energetic) or "smart", "living" energies. But what are these fields, what are these energies? Why is their action intensified now and in this manifestation? How is their action connected with the development of the Earth and man? The answers to these questions are on the mind of leading scientists. Many have noticed that crop circles often appear over the energy lines of the Earth and the so-called places of power, for example, in England, where there are many druidic mounds and fortifications.
As for the version of the involvement of UFOs, it can only be considered from the point of view of some influence of flying vehicles on the environment. Often, night watchmen and lovers in Russia observe incomprehensible glow over the fields, where circles are found in the morning. In 1998, such phenomena were noted near the village of Nekrasovskaya in the Krasnodar Territory, and in June 1999, residents of several farms saw the night appearance of objects similar to UFOs. The next morning, circles appeared in the fields. Chernobrov went to the famous Kurchatov Institute, trying to figure out what was happening. He was given as a souvenir a curious videotape with a recording made by a casual eyewitness. On the film, Chernobrov saw two ball lightning flying over the field, and then one large and four symmetrically located small circles formed under the balls.
There are few cases when the appearance of crop circles occurred in front of people - only about fifty. Eyewitness accounts are very confusing, but this is understandable - people are dumbfounded by what they see. One thing unites these stories: all cases of crop circles occurred during either rain, or strong winds, or thunderstorms - which once again confirms the theory of some scientists about the connection of crop circles with natural phenomena. For example, in England there was a case when the field suddenly parted, opened like a fan, and the observers noticed only the wind blowing over this place. In Kent, England, people say that at the moment of a thunderstorm, like a giant "glass" hovered over a field of wheat. The "glass" was translucent, and it was noticeable that a huge vortex was spinning inside it, which formed circles on the field. Eyewitnesses also claim that the process of forming circles is not dangerous for the observer, although the witnesses reported unpleasant sensations for themselves, such as severe ringing in the ears and headache, but as a result no one was hurt.
And when did this kind of chronicle of Russian cereology begin? The first evidence dates back to 1984. It was then that the driver from Borisoglebsk, Voronezh Region, N. Laptev, noticed the first circles. Then they began to appear every year in different parts of Russia: in the Ryazan region, in the Tambov region, near Volgograd. But all the records were broken by the Krasnodar Territory.
In 1991, reports of the appearance of clear geometric formations in the fields came from Tikhoretsk, Kropotkin, then circles appeared in the northwest - near Yeisk. In June 1996, a three-circle pattern appeared on the field at the entrance to Novokubansk, and hundreds of local residents witnessed it. Moreover, residents of Novokubanchans held something like a festive demonstration on the space inside the circles, and a wedding cortege that happened to be nearby took a picture on this "wondrous diva".
In June 1998, a complex pictogram "made happy" the field near Ust-Labinsk. But in 1999 the number of registered circles became a record for Russia. The first was as if burned out on a barley field south of Novokubansk, and they also managed to photograph it. The second circle was noticed near the road between the villages of Leningradskaya and Konevskaya. On July 10, a circle with rings 18 m in diameter appeared southwest of Novokubansk. A special expedition of enthusiasts and Krasnodar scientists was created here. Soon she found circles on the 120th kilometer of the Armavir - Tikhoretsk highway.
What do researchers say about Russian circles? A purely visual examination showed that the circles are not fakes. And I must say that many, in the wake of general interest, create fakes - to arouse interest in themselves, in the area in which they live. Sharp boundaries and bent, but lively stems - this first sign of authenticity was there. By the way, distinguishing "real" circles from "fake" ones is quite simple, you just need to know the signs of "real" ones. The spikes in the figures are not broken, but bent about 3-5 cm from the ground, where the first spike is located, at an angle of about 90 degrees; there is an expansion of the ear nodule (knee), a change in the embryo in cereals and a change in the cellular structure (change in DNA); cavities appear in plants, as if they were heated from the inside;the deviation of the magnetic field and an increase in radiation by about three times in comparison with the normal background are recorded. And, most importantly, crop circles occur at night, in the morning hours, in just a few seconds. Modern science cannot reproduce such a thing.
In the Krasnodar Territory, researchers for the first time tried to use more than a dozen different devices for examination. The result is this: no deviations in almost the entire spectrum - infrared, ultraviolet rays, microwave, X-rays, beta rays - everything is normal. But on the border of the circles, the background of alpha rays is one and a half times increased. A coherent theory does not yet exist. It is a pity that most of the crop circles remain unnoticed, and those that arise quickly disappear - the crumpled ears and grass straighten out again.
The unknown artist, painting in the fields, showed himself again in the south of Russia last year, on the night of June 12-13. The shocked residents of Stavropol saw in the sky a shining object "the size of a five-story building" approaching for landing. A local police officer said, “The UFO was going down and there was a contrail on its two sides. Such a fiery thing. " Cars passing by had engines stalling, and drivers felt drowsy. In the morning, it turned out that the wheat field was painted with a very complex figure: a circle with a diameter of 20 m was depicted in the center, and around it were circles, touching with their edges a large circle. Three beams radiated from it, also 20 m long, ending in three circles with a diameter of 5-7 m each. Two of them were connected by an arc.
As is usually the case in such cases, the wheat was stacked with fantastic neatness. In the center of the largest circle was a hole 30 cm deep with smooth, as if polished walls. Mobile phones stopped working near her.
"The fact that this was not done by human hands is unambiguous," said Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of the Stavropol Territory Vasily Belchenko, having visited the scene. - It was an unknown object landing … Eyewitnesses say that there was an instant landing and an instant takeoff within a few seconds. If we accept this version, then the diameter of the object should be at least two hundred meters!"
By the way, on July 9, 1997, on the territory of the neighboring Krasnodar Territory near Belorechensk, a local combine operator saw almost the same pattern (a central circle with a concentric circle and three smaller circles on the sides, connected by lines).
“Nature with its elements simply cannot do something like that,” said E. Bugaenko, a journalist for the Ogni Kavkaza newspaper. - Everything was done too clearly, symmetrically, everything was done correctly. A person would also hardly be able to crumple so well, given the scale of the “picture”, the accuracy of its execution and the absence of any traces going from the side to the mysterious place … Excluding the earthly, there remains an unidentified something from the outside.
This is not the first time that Stavropol citizens have encountered circles. They first appeared on the night of May 24-25, 1991, near Budennovsk. General Director of the Stavropolavtotrans association A. Vyshnyakov accidentally looked out the window and saw five fireballs with a small tail, as if falling from the sky. In the next instant, the balls aligned and a huge machine the size of a football field appeared in the sky. Large steel "humps" and incomprehensible structures were clearly visible on it. Soon all objects disappeared over the horizon. All this was seen by dozens of local residents. And a day later, “circles” were noticed on a field in the nearby village of Chkalovsky. “On an area of about 0.2 hectares, six regular circles and two small rectangles appear, as if drawn by a compass,” wrote the local newspaper “Soviet Prikumye”. - The diameter of each circle is 7 m. If these are not traces of a UFO landing, what other phenomenon has led to the formation of such unusual circles in the wheat field?
Recently, a very interesting hypothesis was born, which was designed to explain everything. If we move away from the mysticism and the idea of UFO interference and look at everything with an unclouded look, then everything points to technologies that are well known to us - laser. After intensive investigation, the Counter Intelligence Agency found the circles very similar to the effect of lasers from orbiting satellites. The Americans, as you know, were very afraid of the “threat from the East,” and they began to install laser equipment on their very first artificial satellites. If the Russians knew that during the Cold War this technology already existed within the EU, then this problem would be given more serious attention, and the US could not afford to do it.
But why would Americans “paint” on the ground? To convey some information to aliens. That is, circles are not they who tell us something, but we tell them.
Laser "cutting" uses Nikon's precise computerized measurement technology, except that the invisible laser beam does not cut, but rather presses the pre-programmed image into the surface. Hence the accuracy of the patterns.
In addition, the "laser version" can explain why the witnesses reported that they had not seen anything, and the patterns disappear literally in 10-15 seconds. The strange sounds that the bystanders heard were a magnetic pulse generated by a laser.
Good version. Beautiful. There is only one "but": the fragility of the drawings. Or have communication sessions assigned to aliens? Like, wait for graphic messages from such and such to such and such an hour? If not, then where is the guarantee that the aliens will have time to “read” the messages? But if sessions are scheduled, what is the need for drawings? You can exchange information during a communication session …
In general, be that as it may, none of the currently existing hypotheses has not been officially confirmed. However, the problem, it turns out, is so burning that the English queen promised a reward to anyone who unravels the mystery of the circles.