Among the finds from the Neolithic period, stone axes were previously found (and maybe even now), which can only be made with a certain technology and the necessary metal tools. And ideally, even having drilling and grinding machines with a high speed of rotation of the cutting tool.
Historians do not pay attention to these matters. They are not material scientists or stone-working technologists. But in this article I want to play along with them and describe the process from my point of view. To begin with, I will give examples of high-tech stone products.
Stone axes from the Zaporozhye Museum. They write that they have now been removed from the exposition. Blind eyes and visitors have questions?
It is much more difficult to make a convex bas-relief than a deep one relative to the surface of the product. What do you need to rub the stone with in order to get narrow cuts, an ornament in it? Traces of obvious tubular drilling are visible. Of the metal in those days, only bronze was known, and nothing is known about sheet bronze. The masters of those eras also clearly knew everything about the polishing of products.
Stone ax of the Catacomb culture from the Middle Bronze Age: 2-2.5 thousand years BC
Promotional video:
Stone ax from the Borodino hoard.
Stone ax from finds in the Krasnodar Territory.
In general, many stone axes have been found. Some are in perfect condition, others with traces of use (perhaps not for their intended purpose). Others are broken. But on most, you can see a high-tech approach to manufacturing and surface grinding. About their true purpose - in general, some riddles. With so many finds, it was clearly consumer goods as they say now.
A good video about the stone axes of the Historical Museum:
Many examples can be given and further questions can be asked: how was it done, and is it from that era, etc. I will give my version of how it was done without metals, mechanical processing of stone, and everything literally in a matter of hours but with one amendment: adjusted for the time the stone was hardening.
Are you talking about geo-concrete again - will a skeptical reader say? Yes, again. Only this technology explains how, not having high-tech machines, metal tooling to make something like that.
Let's take this example. A find from the Nikolaev region (Ukraine). Weight 596 grams. Size: 13.5 cm x 6.5 cm. Sold for $ 2539 to a private collection.
Description of manufacturing technology
A model is made of wax. A rope is pressed into it, which will be a convex ornament on the future product. A border and other patterns are drawn. Something like this:
Then the model is coated with clay, all this dries and fired. The wax and ropes burn out, leaving a mold for pouring.
Or a collapsible reusable mold is made from two halves of ceramics. But since they did not find similar ones, it is more likely that they made disposable forms.
A soft rock of geo-concrete (outcrops of fluidolites) was molded into it, from which many rocks were formed and which geologists consider initially hard.
Don't you believe in the outcrops of previously cold fluidolites yet? Here are some examples:
Obviously not volcanic rock envelops a rock of another rock.
Foreign inclusions in granite. Rather, basalt boulders inside granite. Yes, according to my hypothesis, granitoids are also cold fluidolites.
Dinosaur footprint in stone. Apparently this rock was previously a plate like clay. Those. the petrification process exists. And it may have been much faster, not lasting millions of years. I believe that these rocks turned to stone in a matter of days. Or the ancients knew how to speed up this process.
And this geo-concrete was placed in a ceramic mold, greased on the inside. The stone was gaining strength, the shape was broken. The product was finalized, polished and handed over to their needs. Chop nuts, spices, or whatever. The value of this stone ax is minimal, it can be done in hundreds, only fresh geo-concrete can be found where to dig. There were many such places in the Caucasus. Dolmens were also cast from it. I wrote about this here.
Author: sibved