Genghis Khan was born in the land of Blun-Yulduk in the summer of 559 according to the Mogul calendar, in the year of the pig (in Moghull - Tongus), which is the summer of 1162 from the incarnation of God the Word.
When Genghis emerged from the mother's womb, he was holding a blood clot in his hand, which the grandmother immediately told his father about. He gathered his officers, and one of them said that this sign claims that to be a great commander for the boy, and many lands will submit to him. The father named the boy Tamuchin, but when he was declared Khan, he called himself Chingis, which means "sea" from the Mogul language.
Pedigree of Tam-u-chin
- Genghis Khan
- Iessugi-Bayadur-Khan (Iessugi - Iessuhi. Almost like Yeshua, or Jesus.)
- Bortan-Khan
Promotional video:
- Kabull Khan
- Tumene-Khan
- Bassikar Khan
- Dutumin Khan
It should be noted here that the Mogulls have the custom of counting the lineage not from the founder, but on the contrary, and not older than the seventh generation. But let us continue the genealogy of Genghis Khan.
- Toha Khan
- Budendzhir-Magog, who was born of the widow Alanku - the granddaughter of Yuldus Khan
- Father Alanku, son of Yuldus, whose name no one knows
- Yuldus Khan
- Mengi Khoja-Khan
- Temirash Khan
- Kaimachu Khan
- Simchauchi Khan
- Buckbendu Khan
- Mecoachin Borell-Khan
- Kipchi-Mergen-Khan
- Kav Idill Khan
- Bertezene-Khan
Between the reign of Bertezene-Khan and the flight of Kayan to Irgan-Kon, there is a suppression of the genealogy for 450 years, which the Mogulls lived between the mountains of Irgan-Kon. The names of the princes are now unknown, but they were all Mogul. Further:
- Kayan (He went down in history without the Khan's title, probably because he was not officially endowed with it, but in fact he was Khan.)
- Ill-Khan
- Tiniis Khan
- Mengli Khan
- Yuldus Khan
- Ay-Khan
- Ogus Khan
- Kara-Khan
- Mungal Khan
- Alencha-Khan
- Kayuk Khan
- Dibbakui Khan
- Yelche-Khan
- Taunak Khan
- Turk
- Japheth (Japheth - Jupiter)
- Nui (Noah)
- Chameh
- Matushlag
- Idris
- Birdie
- Melagil
- Shinan
- Anus
- Schiess
- ADAM, nicknamed Safi Yula.
When Jesugi Bayadur Khan died, Genghis Khan was thirteen years old. According to the laws of the Moghulls, all subjects are required to pay the Khan an annual tithe, and there were up to 40,000 surnames originating from only one clan. In addition, many neighboring generations paid tithing.
But since Chinggis Khan was too young, some subjects of the neighboring generations decided not to pay tribute. Only one third remained loyal to Genghis Khan, and two thirds moved away. These generations are:
- Burganay-Kariltuk
- Kataguna
- Chilchuts
- Joguerets
- Myrons
- Marquette
Some earlier, and later, Genghis Khan brought them into citizenship in various ways.
Chinggis Khan's mother Ulun, nicknamed Iga, which means “Great” in the Mogul language (This is the answer to the “Mongol yoke.” Iga Mogull means “Great Moguls”). She also had other nicknames. In the Katai language Kau-Chin, which means "elderly woman", in Tadik - an elderly woman (Tadiks in the annals are called Tajiks, no doubt) - Banu, in Usbek - Baibiza, and all this means the Ruler.
She came as a breed from the generation of Allaknut and was immensely intelligent. After the death of Genghis Khan's father, Menglik-Ichka from the Kunakhmar generation took her as his wife.
Further, the author of the chronicle makes a lengthy digression, in which he mentions that four scribes write down his words at the bedside, and he is afraid that he will not finish the work before his death, therefore, he will further describe everything as briefly as possible. Attention is drawn to the fact that he does not use the works of earlier chroniclers, although he mentions the existence of many written sources, but dictates all this gigantic amount of information from memory!
When Burganai-Kariltuk took Tayzeuts, Nerons and other generations mentioned from the citizenship of the natural Emperor, then he had few surnames. Genghis Khan tried in every possible way to peacefully prevent this evil, but in his full 13 years, he had to go out with a squad and start a bloody battle, but the forces were still equal, the rebels could not be overcome.
In a summer called Bars, or Tiger, a man from generations of rioters notified Khan that the rioters had all united to attack him unintentionally.
Then Genghis Khan, who had already become an excellent warrior and commander, gathered an army of 30,000 from 13 generations who were loyal to him in subjection. He took them out into the field, where he set up a camp with their belongings, and he himself put the troops in their places.
The enemy came up with an army of 5-6 thousand and was defeated on his head. Genghis ordered to put seventy large cauldrons with water and make a fire under them. When the water in the cauldrons began to gush with a white key, all the noble instigators were lowered into the cauldrons upside down and boiled alive.
Then Genghis Khan went to the enemy's camp, destroyed everything there, and took all the goods and many prisoners, thus increasing his army by a great number of soldiers.
There was a certain person from the Zoigeret generation named Chamuka-Chichen. In the Mogul language, Chichen means "an eloquent man." This man came to Sungun, the greater son of the Karaite Aunek Khan, and said: “You and your father think that Chinggis Khan is your friend, and I can assure you that he sent to ask Tayan Khan Naiman and Bayrak Khan to collectively start a war against you.
Aunek-Khan decided that these statements should not be completely despised, but it is in no way possible to believe what Chamuka-Chichen had proposed, for Chinggis Khan had proved his friendship more than once over the years. However, he decided to be ready for anything. At the same time, he recalled to his son the great benefits that he lent to the court of Genghis Khan from the time he fought against his brothers. For one should know that Margus, the Karaite prince, left after the death of two sons, of whom the larger was called Korzakur, and the younger Cover.
These brothers had a pact to share the inheritance of their father. Korzakur had five sons:
- Aunek, or Tairrell, - Yakakare, - Bytimut, - Numissai, - Zukambu.
All of them were brave and extraordinary courage. At the death of their father, they quarreled over inheritance. The eldest son Aunek, having copulated with other brothers against Yakakare, forced him to flee to the lands of the Naimann. And those, with their help, brought him into such force that he went to Aunek and drove him away. He fled to the father of Genghis Khan. He gathered an army there, returned and drove again Yakakare, who fled to his uncle Cover-Khan.
The end of the wars was put by Jesugi-Bayadur-Khan. Without having any profit for himself, besides glory, he restored peace in the lands of Margus Karaitsky and made Aunek reign. So Aunek had great respect for the family of Genghis Khanov.
Now, after receiving reports from Chamuka-Chichen, it was decided to lure Chinggis-Khan out with a proposal to seal the alliance through the marriage of his son Chuchi with his daughter Aunek-Khanova. But fearing that, having come to the court of Chinggis, Aunek would be killed without delay, they sent with the embassy the most loyal officer Bukadai-Kanzat, so that he proposed the above to Genghis Khan.
He received the ambassador very favorably, and, not knowing about the false notification of Chamuka-Chichen, he went, accompanied by two officers, to the court of Aunek-Khan. On his way he met his stepfather Menglik-Ichkoyu and informed about the evil intentions of Aunek-Khan. He returned immediately, abundantly gifted the aforementioned ambassador and conveyed with him his invitation to honor his arrival to Aunek Khan with his own person, in order to give equal courtesy. But the cattle is now so thin that he has nothing to treat his dear guest with worthy, he asks to postpone the visit until the cattle has worked up its sides.
Five or six days after the ambassador's departure, a certain Badu and his brother Kishlik came to Chinggis Khan, demanding to speak with them in private. And they said that when they were herding the horses of one of the first officers at the court of Aunek Khan, they overheard a conversation between the officer and his wife, from which it was clear that their Khan decided suddenly in the morning to attack Genghis Khan.
Hearing this, Genghis Khan immediately sent Decrees to his closest officers to arrive soon, sending women, old people, children and cattle to the remote places of Balchun-Balak.
He himself, with a squad of 2500 people (everything that could be collected in such a short time), went out into the field and ordered the soldiers to keep the horses by the bridle, waiting for an order to start acting at any moment.
Aunek-Khan Karaite was approaching at sunrise, having 12000 soldiers. Then Genghis Khan, on the advice of one of his advisers named Koyuldar Chichena, divided the army into two parts, and with one part hid in a secluded place, and the other part bravely awaited the enemy in the field.
When Aunek's vanguard passed the ambush and met the soldiers in the field, the battle began. The warriors of Genghis Khan struck simultaneously from both sides, surrounding and completely exterminating the vanguard. Aunek Khan, seeing that his soldiers were defeated, rushed to the rescue together with his son Sungun. But a larger number of soldiers did not help them, and all were defeated. Those who managed to survive fled in fear. Aunek's son Sungun was badly hit by a spear in the face.
Genghis Khan had great joy from the fact that such a small number of soldiers managed to defeat a large detachment with small losses. But Aunek's army was on the way, and Khan decided to move away, and went straight to Balchuna-Balaka, where he sent women, children and old people with belongings and cattle ahead of time. But when he arrived at the place, he was forced to leave because of lack of water and go to the Kalassui River, where the land was owned by the Konkurats generation, who had ruler Turk-Illy, a relative of Chingis, over them.
Chingis, however, sent one of his officers to Turk-Illy with a request for a meeting and a statement that if he was ready to continue the friendship, then let him obey, and if he resisted, he would be defeated. Turk-Illy heard this and decided that it was necessary to submit to Genghis Khan and join with his strength. The whole generation joined in and together went from there to the Collanueru River.
Then Genghis Khan sent a person from the Badurgin generation named Arkaizun-Bai-Bayadur to Aunek-Khan Karaite with this reprimand that if he showed great ingratitude, then one must not forget that he and his son Sungun are like two shafts of one cart … One will break, both will be useless.
And then Genghis Khan with all his army went to Aunek Khan with Sungun, who themselves had already opposed. There was a bloody battle, but happiness was on the side of Chinggis. Aunek with Sungun were forced to flee, leaving all their lands and all their subjects. They ran to Tayan-Khan Naimansky, but on the road fell into the hands of two murzas, Kurimazu and Tamik. Those, having learned about the betrayal of Aunek, killed all the people of the khans, stripping off everything they had, and cut off Aunek's head and brought Khan to their Tayan. He got angry, said that it is better for such a noble person to serve as servants than to kill him.
He ordered to seal the head of Aunek-Khan in silver, and fix it on the back of his throne, so that his face looked in the opposite direction. They say that three times after that, the tongue fell out of the silver mask and tried to say something, but something fell out of the mouth. It is believed that there were signs.
Sungun, the son of Aunek-Khan, having learned about what had been done to his father, fled to the city of Khaateen, which was owned by a nobleman from the generation of Kallach, by the name of Kalizogar, and instead of giving him a shelter, he killed and sent his head along with his wife and children to Genghis Khan.
After this incident, all large neighboring generations succumbed to Genghis Khan. And those who thought they could resist did not want to give in. And then in the summer of 599 according to the Mogull chronology, called Tongus, i.e. pig (in the summer of 1202 from the incarnation of God the Word), Chinggis Khan is 40 years old. All Mogul generations recognized him as their Great Khan in the land of Naumankur.
Coronation of Genghis Khan. Miniature from the book by Marco Polo.
On this occasion, Genghis Khan made a great feast. Someone named Kokcha, nicknamed the "Image of God", appeared at that feast. He said that all the descendants of Tamuchin, as the Great Khan was called earlier, will henceforth and forever and forever be great Khan from generation to generation. This Kokcha walked barefoot in winter. And in a very thin dress, but very healthy. They said that a white horse came to him at different times, and as soon as he sat on it, he ascended to heaven, and there he talked with the Gods. (Very similar to the first evidence of abduction)
Meanwhile, Tayan-Khan Naimansky sent an ambassador to a certain Alakus, who was in charge of the Ungutts' generation, and ordered to announce that Chinggis-Khan was getting worse day by day. He takes citizens of his neighbors, but does not spare noble people, he kills everyone, leaving only slaves for himself. And he called for an alliance against Chinggis. But Alakus not only refused to copulate with Tayan Khan, but also sent messengers to Genghis Khan with a warning of treason.
Then Genghis called for a council all the main over the generations, where everyone supported to start a war against the Naimans. And Chinggis Khan hastily gathered an army to prevent the Naimans from advancing. It was in the summer of 600, Chichkan in Moghull reckoning, i.e. mouse (1203 years from the incarnation of God the Word).
At the very beginning of the war, Genghis Khan sent a faithful man named Chenanoyan with the aim of taking tongues in order to be notified of the enemy's forces. Having caught one Naimants, Chenanoyan took him to Genghis Khan's own person, and he actually interrogated him. It turned out that Tayan-Khan, having copulated with the Marcatts, the Uirats, and the Tsoegerats, crossed the Altai River and hurried to find the army of Chinggis unprepared.
Genghis Khan immediately went on a campaign against Tayan Khan. Having already been on the march for many days, the guards reported that the advanced enemy army had appeared. Hearing this, Chingis gave the command to his brother Chuchikar, who commanded the right wing of the army. The left wing was commanded by the son of the Great Khan - Chuchi. He himself stood in the middle and hit first. At the very beginning of the battle, the enemy's Khan was seriously wounded. They carried him to the nearest hill, and his army was left without a commander. Confusion began, and in order to save the lives of his soldiers, Tayan Khan sent notifications to the officers of his army that they surrender to Chinggis Khan.
The warriors of Tayan Khan were brave and refused to submit, so everyone was killed. Tayan himself died of his wounds while fleeing the battlefield. Only his son Kutshluk, who was sheltered by Bayrak-Khan, escaped.
While Genghis Khan went to Tayan Khan, winter was approaching, therefore, having finished, he went to his winter possessions. And in the spring he went to the land of the Markatts, owned by Khan Tokhtabegi. This khan was present at the battle of Genghis Khan with Tayan Khan, and then, as soon as he understood who would be the winner in the battle, he acted cunningly and carefully. He took his army to Bayrak, another Naiman Khan.
The Tartar warriors are crossing the river.
Having defeated the Markatts, Chinggis Khan replenished the army with a large number of Tokhtabegi Khan's warriors, and marched to the capital city of Tangut.
The Tangut Khan at that time was already very old, so he locked himself in the capital city of Tangut and decided to survive the siege behind the fortress walls. After several weeks of the siege, the army of Genghis Khan took the fortress by attack. The old khan was killed, and the fortress walls were broken. Other fortresses, which were located in the Tangut lands, were taken, in each of them Genghis Khan left his strong squad.
Returning from the Tangut campaign and waiting out the winter, Genghis Khan went to the possession of Bayrak Khan, but did not find him in the city, because he was hunting. Then, following him, they caught Bayrak and cut off his head. But one of his officers left Mogul hands and went to Kutshluk, the son of Tayan-Khanov, and to Tokhtabegi-Khan of Markatt, thinking that he would stay safe there.
But Tokhtabegi and Kutshluk were afraid of the strength and anger of Chingisov and fled to the banks of the Irtysh. They stood near the cities of Dwarfs and Tsoegerats, which had princes Arssan and Kanakabegi over them. And those princes, having submitted to Genghis Khan, indicated where the fugitives were hiding. They tried to run again. Tokhtabegi fell into the hands of the Mogulls and was immediately killed. Kutshluk managed to escape to the city of Turkestan to the Kara-Kataysky Cover-Khan.
Although Cover-Khan was not happy about such a guest, he still sheltered him with honors and even gave him one of his daughters as his wife.
And Genghis Khan, having no more business in that area, withdrew to his land.
Genghis Khan, returning from the campaign, sent two ambassadors named Altai and Taramish to the kergiz, which Uruss Khan possessed, with a proposal to submit. The latter, realizing that it is better to have Chinggis as allies than enemies, agreed to become a tributary of Genghis Khan, and sent gifts to him with ambassadors, among which was a rare bird. The Turks called it shungar, and the Russians called it a gyrfalcon. This bird is all white, except for the legs, nose and eyes, which it has red, very red.
After the death of Aunek-Khan of Karait, Chamuka-Chichen was with Tayan-Khan of Naimansky, and after that he returned to his generation Dzhiogerat. But the Jiogerats, having judged that Genghis was not only their sovereign, but also a blood relative, remembering how many simple and noble people were killed for his dirty tricks, tied Chamuku-Chichen, and took him to Genghis Khan. He ordered to kill Chamuk with a fierce execution, tearing off all the members one by one. He, dying, said that he would have done the same with Chinggis if he had fallen into his hands.
The Uighurs were subjects of the Turkestan Cover-Khan, and paid him a rich tribute. At first Idukut-Khan owned them, but then Cover-Khan put his Daruga (Darug - governor. Judge and chief of police, analogue of the Roman Procurator.) Named Shuvak. The Uighurs suffered from the atrocities of Shuvak, and to free themselves, they tied him up and sent him to Chinggis Khan, asking for protection. Genghis Khan was very happy about this, and blessedly accepted the Uighrs under his protection. He sent one of the closest officers to Idukut Khan with the news of his protection.
Idukut Khan was so imbued with gratitude, for the Great Khan's mercy, that he asked to become his son. Genghis did not refuse him, and even married one of his daughters to him.
Genghis Khan conquered the entire Mogull people for himself, and intended to avenge all the oppression and insults perpetrated by Altan Khan of Katai. When he announced his intention to all the heads of different generations, they all agreed to send one of the officers named Chakhijer as an ambassador to the court of Altan Khan.
Chakhidzher told the Katai Khan that if he agreed to immediately recognize Chinggis Khan as his sovereign, then the path immediately gives an answer. Otherwise, there will be war, and the winner will be the only sovereign. At this Altan-Khan was very angry with both Chinggis and his minister, and ordered him to convey that he was preparing for war. On the way back, Chakhijer sketched all the mountains, rivers, roads, parishes and other details of the places lying on the approach to the city of Altan Khan.
Having received the answer of the Katai Khan, Genghis immediately set out for the Katai lands. Altan-Khan also gathered a great army, and put it in a favorable position on the ground. Meanwhile, Genghis Khan took many, many cities. He burned many, and chopped up most of the inhabitants.
Altan - Khan, to avert greater devastation, sent one of his Generals with a large army. This general was notified from one fugitive that Genghis Khan had taken din from the largest cities of the Katai, and sent his army there, hoping for surprise. But he did not know that the "fugitive" was sent deliberately and was ambushed. The army of Chinggis Khan struck the detachment of the Altan-Khanov general on the march, and they chopped up everyone. Then they immediately went to the main Katai army, caught them by surprise, and chopped all 30,000.
Altan - Khan fled and locked himself in the city of Kambalu. Sitting in the city, every day he received news about new cities taken by Genghis Khan, and seeing that the enemy's army was approaching closer and closer, he gathered all the main courtiers for a council. After listening to all the voices, it was decided to conclude peace with Genghis Khan, and an ambassador was sent to him. Genghis Khan accepted the citizenship of Katay, took Altan Khan's daughter as his wife, and retired to his domain.
Altan-Khan, seeing that all his northern lands were devastated, left his son to rule the Flounder, and after the departure of the Moghulls, he went to the city of Nanking, which was greatly strengthened by his father. This city had three walls, of which the last contained 40 miles in circumference. It was built on the bank of a great river, so wide that it took a whole day to go rowing from coast to coast.
Before leaving, he executed several princes of the Kara-Chinese, who had betrayed him during the war. And after the departure, the Kara-Chinese began unrest, and troubles spread throughout all the northern provinces, so that the army of Genghis Khan again went north, and the city of Kambalu was taken.
As Altan-Khan learned about lamentable deeds, about famine, high prices for bread, about riots and the devastation of all the Catay provinces in the north, he sent a caravan of camels with bread numbering several thousand to Kambala. The caravan was guarded by a great army under the command of two of the best generals. But the regiments of Genghis Khan set out, and the whole army was killed. They took the generals to the full, but took the camels and bread for themselves. As Altan-Khan was notified of this, he poisoned himself.
For five years Chinis-Khan pacified the troubles in Katai, but he sought all the treasures of Altan-Khan in Flounder. He planted his governors in each city, and a strong garrison. Having restored order, he retired to the lands in which he usually lived.
Street of the city of great Mughals.
Genghis Khan, returning from the campaign, laid siege to the city of Akashin in the Tangut land. (Here the translator has a footnote in which he assumes that the city of Akashin does not exist now, but it was probably located near the Indian border. This is all from the fact that the translator associates Kathai with China known to him. But if he knew that the chronicles of events that took place in Siberia, and not in modern China, then I would have easily found the city of Kashino in Altai, standing on one of the tributaries of the Ob.)
After the capture of Akashin, he intended to take the rest of the Katai cities, which continued to remain outside of his citizenship, but learned that generations who did not want to recognize his dominion submitted to Kutshluk, the son of Tayan-Khanov. And Kutshluk, on the advice of the Sultan of Khorassm Mohammed Shah, attacked Cover Khan, his stepfather, and took more than half of the lands.
To this report was added another one, that Tokhtabegi-Khan's brother Kudat arrived with his two nephews to the Naimanns, and from there began to harass the subjects of Chinggis-Khanovs. Then Genghis Khan changed his intentions, and sent two of his generals, called Suida Bayadur and Kamu Tushazar, with a great army against Qudat and his allies. They, having found him on the banks of the Tsummaran River, struck, most beat him, and took the rest to the full. This battle caused the final defeat of the Marcutts, which happened in the summer of 613 (1216).
The Tumaty (the people who inhabited the banks of the Selenga River) also showed enemy actions, and General Burgu-Nayan was sent to them, with a small number of troops. The Tumats were exterminated with particular cruelty, beating and torturing.
A general, called Chena-Nayan, with a great army was sent against Kutshluk. Kutshluk, instead of taking cover, himself went out to meet with a large army. But Chena-Nayan attacked him so brutally that he chopped down the entire great army. Kutshluk fled with a small number of his people, but they were overtaken, and all were killed, only Kutshluk managed to escape to the city of Badagshan, in the land called Sarekoll.
But Chena-Nayan did not stop chasing, and when he met a peasant with a plow, he asked if he had met any newcomers. The man, without taking his hands off the plow, replied that he had seen four people who went to Badagshan. Then they overtook the fugitives, until they had time to hide, and killed everyone.
Upon returning to their lands, Chena-Nayan gave the head of Kutshluk to his Khan. And he was very pleased, and gave his general abundant gifts.
Genghis Khan had such a large number of wives and concubines that it is believed that their number is more than 500. All his legal wives were khan and princely, among whom there were five especially beloved by him:
- Borta Kuchin, from whom there were 4 sons;
- Kichu, daughter of Altan-Khan Kataysky;
- Karizu, widow of Tayan-Khanov;
- Mila;
- Chinggan.
Beloved wife of Genghis Khan Borta Kuchin.
Both the latter were sisters from a noble Tartar family. Four sons from Bort Kuchin, called:
- Chuchi, - Chagatai, - Guess, - Taulay.
Each of the sons had their own business at court. Chuchi was in charge of the economy, Chagatai was in charge of the court and reprisals, Guess watched the state fees, accepted accounts from the provinces, and Taulay tried everything that related to military affairs.
Among his other five sons, Genghis Khan divided the main governorates in Katai. So that his brothers would never be at enmity between themselves, he gathered them once, and gave each of them an arrow so that they would break them. The brothers broke the arrows, and then Genghis gave each of them a fascine (a bundle of arrows), and again ordered them to break. None of the brothers could break the fascine. Then Chinggis-Khan told his sons that as long as they were together, like a fascina, no one could break them. But as soon as they separate, they will become easy prey individually.
Chinggis Khan, having established peace and prosperity in all his lands, sent his man by the name of Makinut-Yalauchi as an ambassador to Sultan Mohammed Shah of Kharassm with a proposal that since their possessions border on each other, then would the Sultan deign to honor Chingis as his father, because agreement will benefit both countries.
The Sultan, having retired with the ambassador, took off his belt with jewels, and gave it as a gift to the ambassador, with a request that he speak only the truth, and interrogated whether it was true that all the lands, including the Katai ones, were submitted to Genghis Khan., and is it true that the power of the Khan is so great that he offers the Sultan to become his son.
Makinut-Yalauchi saw that the Sultan speaks with his heart (angry), and in order to prevent anger that blinds the mind, he began to speak to him kindly, praising his dignity in every possible way. And belittling the dignity of his khan. And he sang so sweetly that he convinced the Sultan to accept the offer of Chinggis Khan. And he went home with a victory without war, and with a full train of gifts.
And although Caliph Bogdatsky wrote to Genghis Khan, inciting him to war against the Sultan, peace and reciprocity reigned between the empires, so much so that even with gold and silver in his hands, one could walk from one land to another without fear for his belly, and without paying tamga. (The first customs union!)
On the lands of Tartary, many generations did not have castles and fortresses, but had wooden mobile homes in order to live where they liked. And since peace and order reigned in all provinces, merchants from all over the world began to come running in to trade where it is profitable and safe for them.
Once Genghis made a check on the price of goods from some merchants. And those who named the prices, to which Chingis said that since you value them so highly, you will not get to know anything for them. And all the chests were taken away from the merchants, and nothing was paid for them. But other merchants were called, who called reasonable prices, and then even more merchants from all countries began to arrive at the auction, and a lot of money flowed into the treasury of Genghis Khan from tamga and trade fees. (Now this is called tariff regulation, which stimulates the development of the economy.)
Those merchants whom the Great Khan was affectionate were from Harassm. When they left for their lands, three court officers went with them to Sultan Mohammed Shah: - Mohammed Kharassm, Ali-Khoja Bukhara, and Yusuf Otrar, who were ambassadors of Chigis Khan. They brought the Sultan a friendly letter from their Khan, with a story about how Chinggis helped his merchants, and with an expression of hope that merchants from the Chinggis lands would also be accepted in Harassma.
These ambassadors, arriving in the city of Otrar, came to the Governor, who was formerly called Inallchik, but the Sultan gave him the title of Kagir-Khan. The merchants, for their part, also sent their people with the ambassadors with gifts, and one of the merchants, without malicious intent, called Kagir Khan by the former name Inallchik.
Kagir Khan Velmi was angry because of this, and ordered everyone to be taken into custody, both merchants and ambassadors. And he sent a letter to the Sultan stating that merchants arrived with ambassadors, whom he did not believe in their good intentions, and suspected them of enemy spies. The Sultan, not understanding the circumstances, sent a letter ordering the scouts to kill, which was done.
The people of Kagir-Khan killed the merchants and ambassadors, and took their goods for themselves. But one merchant miraculously managed to avoid death, and he fled to Genghis Khan and told him about everything personally. Genghis Khan flew into a great rage, and ordered to collect the regiments, and sent a letter to the Sultan that since he had violated the peace agreement, war was declared on him. Then he sent his son Chuchi to Turkestan to drive out the remnants of the Kutshlukovs.
Sultan Muhammad, as he received news from Genghis Khan, left with an army to Samarkant, and from there to Khojan, to meet Genghis Khan. In Khojon, he was notified that part of the army under the command of Chuchi went to Turkestan, changed his intention, and decided to first defeat the army of Chuchi, for which he came to the border with Turkestan. He stood between the rivers Kabli and Kamcha to cut off the paths of the Chuchi army, but found here a large number of soldiers who had been recently beaten. They found one who was beaten, but could speak, and he told that Chuchi beat them. Those who remained alive, took in full, and went where they came from.
The Sultan hastened to catch up with the Chuchi army, and soon approached. Chuchi gathered his generals and began giving advice on how to proceed. One general said that it would be wiser to retreat, moreover, Genghis Khan did not order to engage in battle with everyone.
But Chuchi decided that he would not find an answer to his father and brothers when they asked why he fled. Lined up an army, and said to make the battle with joy. He himself several times passed the ranks of the fighting, approached the Sultan in order to strike him with his saber. But the Sultan stopped all attacks, and repulsed the blows with a shield.
Somewhere in Nagai Tartary.
The warriors of Chuchi were greatly inspired, seeing his courage and prowess. They did great things that day. The Mogulls were so encouraged by the courage of their leader that they began to beat the enemy many times greater in number. Sultan Mohammed was tired of yelling at his soldiers in order to prevent them from fleeing from the battle, and dishonor. The night ended the battle.
Chuchi ordered great fires to be lit in his camp, in many places. Himself under cover of night quietly left the camp. In the morning, the enemy went to fight, but it was found that there was no one in the camp. And Chuchi was already with his father and told about the great battle. Genghis was very happy about this, and richly rewarded all those who distinguished themselves.
Meanwhile, Sultan Mohammed, convinced of the cruelty of Genghis Khan's warriors, sent the regiments to different garrisons, and said that since Genghis decided to fight with him, then let him try to find him. Then, returning to his city, he indulged in unrestrained drunkenness, and being crazy gave the order to execute the famous sheikh, revered as a saint, suspecting him of friendship with the mother of Turkan Khan.
After sleeping in the morning, he was afraid of what he had done, and sent a cup of gold to another sheikh, who was revered as a saint, so that he could beg forgiveness for the sin of murder. But that sheikh did not accept the cup, and conveyed to the Sultan that he did not have the power to atone for such sins.
Sultan Muhammad caused many more misfortunes. He overthrew Caliph Bogdatsky, and instead of him put a certain Atimulk from the tribe of Termiskisegitsky, without mentioning that he easily believed the false news of Kagir-Khanov, who was the reason for the murder of the ambassadors with merchants, which caused the war.
In Summer 615 (1218), Chinggis Khan went on a campaign with the greatest army to Great Bukhara. On the way, Arslan-Khan Karlik, Idikut-Khan Uygur, who lived in the land of Bishbalyk, and Saknak, the supreme ruler of the land of Amalyk, joined him. And they went to the city of Otrar. Notifying that Sultan Muhammad had divided his army into strong cities, he sent his sons Ugadai and Chakotay to Otrar, and his son Chuchi to Najan. He sent two generals named Alan-Nayan and Suktu-Buk with 50,000 soldiers to Farnakant and Khojan.
And he himself, with his son Taulay and a whole army, set out for Bukharia. It should be noted here that the word "Bukhar" means "learned man" in Moghullish. Because everyone who wanted to learn different sciences went from all countries to Bukharia.
The first city on the way of Chinggis Khan was Sarnuk. Standing under the walls, the soldiers made such a terrible cry that the inhabitants of Sarnuk, frightened, locked the gates and prepared to defend themselves. Then Genghis Khan sent a man named Gajip to the city, known for his ability to admonish. And he told the defenders that it is better to submit to such a great ruler than to resist. Thanks to the admonition, the inhabitants of Sarnuk changed their minds, and all left the city with gifts for Chinggis Khan.
Genghis treated the inhabitants very favorably, showed them all kindness, and ordered from now on to call the city Kutshluk-Balyk. Then he chose all the young and strong inhabitants, took them into the army, and went to the city of Nur, where the inhabitants also exhorted, and opened the gates. There Genghis Khan replenished stocks of livestock and livestock, and went to the province of Bukharia.
On the first day of the month of Rebbiakhir, the summer of 616 (1219) came to the walls of Bukhara. In this city, Sultan Mohammed left a great garrison under the command of three generals named Kuk-Khan, Siunch-Khan, and Kutshluk-Khan. These generals launched a sortie of 20,000 soldiers against the besieging army, but having received damage they greatly lost their courage, and at night, hoping to be unnoticed, they tried to hide from the city with all their families and belongings. But the darkness of the night did not save them from the Mogul warriors. Their cavalry overtook the fugitives at the Amu River, and cut almost all of them.
The inhabitants of Bukhara, seeing that the garrison had left them, sent all the prominent scientists, priests and noble people with gifts and keys to the city outside the gates of the city. Genghis Khan took the keys, rode on horseback into the largest mosque, and asked if these were the chambers of Sultan Mohammed. Hearing that this is the House of God, dismounted from the horse, and gave the bridle of the horse to the chief scientist, he ascended to an elevated place in the mosque, and threw Alkoran under the feet of his horses.
Seeing this, a certain Seigit, from the offspring of Mohammed, said that to do so is a great sin. Be silent, this is God's punishment on our head, answered another pious one.
The soldiers immediately began to eat and drink in the middle of the mosque, which is a great sacrilege. And Chinggis Khan left the mosque and went to the square where the inhabitants of Bukhara gathered for the holidays, and ascended to a high place. He ordered to gather all the inhabitants of the Mohammedan law, and told them that the Sultan had broken the agreement by killing his ambassadors with the merchants, and now God sent him to avenge his breach of faith. As for the riches of the city, it is necessary to give it up voluntarily, and the hidden, through various torments, will still be found.
After, having been notified that many military men were hiding in the city, Genghis Khan ordered to burn it. And since the whole city was made of wood, everything burned down, except for the Sultan's chambers, built of bricks, and called Ark. And all the military people were found and beaten. Bukhara remained in this state for several years, until Genghis Khan rebuilt it shortly before his death.
Ruins in the center of Bukhara. Jean-Jacques Elise Reclus 1881
Sultan Mohammed left Gagir-Khan with an army of 50,000 people near the city of Otrar. Learning that the sons of Genghis Khan went there with a great army, he sent another 10,000, led by a general named Karacha-Hajip. And the garrison, numbering 60,000, began to prepare for the defense of Otrar.
The children of Genghis Khan laid siege to the city, and soon Karacha-Hajip began to admonish Gagir-Khan to surrender the city on a treaty. But he, knowing that his deeds had become one of the causes of the war, understood that he would not be spared, and said that he would defend himself to the last.
Then Karacha-Hajip took his soldiers numbering 10,000, unlocked the gates of the city at night, and went out to the camp of the besiegers. But the children of Genghis Khan decided that if he betrayed his legitimate ruler, then it means that he could betray them, because they were all killed. Then they entered the city through the unlocked gates, and drove the garrison out of the walls, where most were chopped down.
Gagir-Khan, seeing that the city was taken, locked himself with 20,000 soldiers in the castle. Being in close quarters, inside the castle, he began to get rid of the soldiers, sending them on sorties. Many times the warriors of Genghis Khan went to attack the castle without success, but now they took it with a bare saber. Only Gagir-Khan took refuge with two people devoted to him in his chambers, and fought back to the last. When his people were killed, and he did not have a single arrow left, they were finally able to take Gagir-Khan in full, and put him in iron.
Having been notified that their father had taken Bukhara, the children of Chinggis Khan went there and took the full Gagir Khan. In a place called Kuk-Serai, they received a letter from their father, who ordered to kill the captive, which they immediately did.
Chuchi, leaving the army, went to the city of Sinnyak, and sent a man named Assan-Gadzhi to the inhabitants to persuade them to surrender. But they did not listen, and killed the ambassador. Chuchi, being notified of this murder, became very furious. He took the city from a raid, and ordered to kill 10,000 inhabitants in revenge. Leaving the city under the control of his son, killed by Assan-Gadzhi, Chuchi went to the city of Usgan.
The residents of Usgan, knowing about the fate of the Sinnyakites, took prudence and went out to meet Chuchi with rich gifts. Chuchi ordered his soldiers, under pain of punishment, not to inflict any offense on the residents, and not to take anything from them. From there he went to the city of Astash.
The Astasha garrison dared to resist, for which Chuchi killed everyone after the capture of the city. Seeing that his turn was coming, the ruler of Najan brought out the garrison ahead of time, and took him to the cities of Kharassm. But the inhabitants of the city did not lose courage and did not want to surrender to the mogulls. Moreover, the envoy sent by Chuchi with a proposal to surrender was almost killed.
The defenders of the city defended courageously, but the moguls were stronger. Chuchi, after taking the city, ordered to kill all those who participated in the impudence shown to his envoy. The remaining residents were driven out of the city walls, taking away everything they had, and a strong garrison was set up in the city under the command of an officer named Ali-Khoja-Gechdivona.
Genghis generals Altan-Nayan and Suktubuk with 50,000 troops took the city of Farnakant after a three-day siege, chopped up the entire garrison, and went to besiege Khojan.
The governor of Khodzhan Timur-Malik had the glory of a brave warrior, and in order not to lose it in this case, he left nothing to defend the city. Khojan stands on the bank of the river where there is an island. There is a strong castle on the island. In it Timur-Malik took refuge with 1000 selected warriors. He launched four covered vessels, from which the mogulls were fired, which worried them greatly. Then the Moghull generals forced the captives from Pharnakant to throw stones into the river in order to build a crossing to the island.
The defenders of the island resisted to the last, but seeing that the dam had already approached the island, they boarded ships and swam down the river. The Moghull generals, seeing the flight, sent in pursuit with a great number of soldiers. The warriors did not lose sight of the ships, believing that the fugitives would not escape anyway, because a chain was stretched across the river downstream, not far from Pharnacanth. But Timur-Malik, having sailed to the chain, managed to untie it, and swam safely. Having landed in a safe place, they tried to hide, but the moguls on horseback quickly overtook the fugitives on foot.
Timur-Malik fired back from three moguls to the last arrow, which was without a tip. But with this arrow he managed to hit one of the soldiers in the eye. The rest were afraid of this, and could not seize Timur.
So Timur-Malik escaped and came to a nearby city, where the garrison of Sultan Mohammed was stationed. There, gathering a great army at a speed, he went to the city of Farnakant, and having chopped up the Mogul who stood there, he returned to his sovereign Sultan Mohammed, who rewarded him well for his loyalty, and allowed him to live in peace until death, in the city of Sham.
When the generals of Genghis Khan returned to him, Sultan-Mohammed, notified of the intention of the Moguls to go to Samarkant, sent there an army, numbering 110,000, with a great number of elephants, and 30 generals. The newcomers surrounded the city with a wide moat, which was dug up to the water.
The Moguls knew about all the preparations, but this did not change their intentions. On the way to Samarkant, a great battle took place with an army that went on a sortie, but the Sultan's soldiers were beaten with great blood. When they came to the city, they went on an attack, and the flogging continued all day. The next day it continued, and on the second night, who was in the city of Kadi, having quarreled with the generals, he left the city and gave the keys to Genghis Khan.
The Mogulls entered through these gates, immediately seized others, and unlocked them. The city was immediately captured. Genghis Khan ordered to chop up the entire army. Only one Aloub Khan with 1000 soldiers was saved. Then Chinggis gave the city to plunder, and gave his generals 30,000 citizens with families, horses, and property. He forgave the rest of the inhabitants, leaving them to live in the city, obliging them to pay a tribute of 300,000 gold denarii a year.
Samarkand. Max Birshtein 1944
After the conquest of Great Bukharia and the capture of Samarkant, Chinggis Khan sent his sons Chuchi, Guess and Chagatai with a great army to the capital city of Harassm, in which four people who were especially close to Sultan Mohammed settled: - Hamar, Mogul, Hajip and Feriduni-Jeri. The main thing there was Hamar, as a relative of the Sultan, and had the greatest army.
Lacking accurate information about the advance of the Mogul troops, the inhabitants of Harassma grazed cattle in the nearby pastures, and a sudden raid by an advanced detachment drove all the cattle away from the city. Seeing this, the townspeople made a sortie of 10,000 people, hoping to overcome in numbers, and overtook a detachment with cattle near a small city belonging to Harassm, but the moguls fought bravely, and the regiments that arrived took the attackers into the cauldron. They killed everyone. No more than a hundred were saved.
The next day the rest of the army arrived and the siege began. The besieged were offered to surrender the city in exchange for life, and a promise to let go with their wives and children. But they did not want to surrender. After seven months of siege, the Mogulls sent 3,000 people to divert the Tsaigong River flowing under the city, and thus deprive the enemy of water, but the townspeople were notified of this and sent a great number of troops there, and hacked all those who were sent to dig.
Then contradictions arose between the brothers, and they began to quarrel. Having learned about that, Genghis Khan appointed Guess as chief over all, and he single-handedly began to rule the troops. Finally the city was taken, 100,000 were chopped up, the rest were taken in full, but so many that each soldier got 24 people.
Meanwhile, Chinggis Khan lived all spring in apartments near the taken city of Samarkant, and then went to the city of Nakhshapa. Taking the city without any resistance, he went from there under the city of Thermis, which began to resist. They chopped all but one old woman, who, in exchange for her belly, promised to give a great pearl.
Where is the pearl? - They asked the old woman. And she replied that she had swallowed it. Then they cut open the womb of the old woman and, verily, they found a great pearl there. The Mogul warriors, seeing this, began to rip open the bellies of all the dead, thinking what else they would find. But they did not find it.
From there, Genghis Khan led his regiments to the city of Balk, which at that time was so great that it housed 1200 great mosques, not counting small ones, and 200 public baths. When they were already close, the townspeople offered to surrender by agreement, but Chingis, believing that as long as their ruler Sultan Mohammed Shah was alive, loyalty from the townspeople would not have to wait. And he took the city in one attack, chopped them all down, destroyed the walls, and burned houses.
Then he sent his son Taulay with many honored officers and a large army to the city of Khorassan. Having conquered all the other cities in this area, he went to the city of Tallhan, which was a strong noble.
The siege lasted seven months, and only when Taulay, who had taken Khorassan, returned to his father with help, the city was taken, and everyone in it was chopped up. The city of Anderab was also taken, and its citizens suffered the same fate. From there we went to siege the city of Bamiyan.
Bamiyan defended himself fiercely, and the moguls lost many soldiers there. When they killed the son of Chagatai, whom Chinggis loved very much, they went to the main attack, and took the same city, destroyed it to the ground, ravaged and chopped everyone to pieces. Genghis Khan ordered to call that place Mau Balik. Which means Evil City in Moghull.
Khorassan walls Drawing unknown thin 1891
Before leaving for Samarkant, Chinggis Khan sent three of his most faithful generals Chen-Noyan, Sudai-Bayadur, and Togarach-Kantaret with an army of 30,000 cavalry behind Sultan Mohammed, who crossed the Amu River to take refuge in Persia.
After many campaigns and returns, the Genghis generals arrived in the city of Herat, where Sultan Khan Malik commanded. He announced to them that he was a subject of Genghis Khan, and was not going to offer any resistance. Chena-Noyan and Sudai-Bayadur went along with Sultan-Khan-Malik, and Togachar-Kantaret did not trust the red words, and made an attack on the city. This enterprise became dear to him. His regiments were chopped down, and he himself was wounded by an arrow in the head, from which he soon died.
Sulta-Khan-Malik, gladly notified of the arrival in the city of Gazmien of Sultan-Jalaludin, the former son of Sultan-Mohammed. He sent a messenger to him, with a letter stating that if he wanted, he could come with an army that he could muster, and wage a battle with the Mogulls who were in his city.
At the same time, Genghis Khan dispatched 30,000 troops under the command of Ugar, nicknamed Kalshan, which means "Funny Man" in Moghull, to cut off Gachmien, Sagill, and Kabull from other regions of Sultan-Mohammed.
Ugar divided the army into small parts, with a separate general at the head, to occupy all the territories through which the regiments and transports of Sultan-Mohammed could pass. And one of the generals, Kutuktu-Noyan, was notified of the appearance of Sultan-Khan-Malik with a great army from Herat for copulation with the army of Sultan-Jalaludin, and they are close.
Kutuktu-Noyan decided to strike the regiments in the morning, but Sultan-Malik found out about it, and hastily, at night, took the army to Sultan-Jalaludin.
Tabachik and Malkav came so quietly to Sagill that they almost took him from the raid, because the inhabitants were not expecting them. Then the Mogull generals began a siege, and began to force the townspeople to surrender. But Sultan-Jalaludin, multiplying the army with the regiments of Sultan-Khan-Malik, attacked so hastily that the moguls suffered losses of more than 1000 soldiers, and retreated to Kutuktu-Noyan.
The sultan overtook them, and the moguls were forced to take the battle. The left wing was commanded by Sultan-Khan-Malik, the right wing was commanded by one of the old officers of Sultan Mohammed, and Sultan-Jalaludin himself stood in the center. It was in this position that the Mogulls were attacked. The battle continued from early morning until nightfall. At night, Kutuktu-Noyan ordered to fill all available hats and sheepskin coats with straw and put them behind the convoy with camels.
In the morning, the Sultanovs' regiments began the battle, but they saw a large number of infantry behind the carts, decided that this was help, and almost ran in fear, but Sultan-Jalaludin unraveled the trick of the Mogulls and encouraged his soldiers. Those with redoubled fury rushed to the attack, and beat almost everyone. Very few people were able to survive, including three generals.
Genghis Khan, being notified of this misfortune, was very upset, and was going to go in that direction. And the people of the Sultan, meanwhile, were dividing the spoils, and during the carve-up Sultan-Khan-malik quarreled with a general named Sefudin-Malik over a horse. In the heat, the Sultan struck Sefudin in the face with a whip, and he took all his army, which was from the Kankli generation, to the Kirman mountains (now it is northern Syria). It should be clarified here that Kankli were Mogulls, but they served the Turks because the mother of Sultan-Mohammed Turkan-Khatun was from the generation of Kankli.
Sultan-Khan-Malik, however, withdrew to Herat, when Sultan-Jalaludin was notified of the speech of Genghis Khan, and went to the Sirr-Indy river. But Genghis Khan immediately followed him, and came to the city of Gazmien, whose inhabitants resignedly surrendered. Notifying from the townspeople that Jalaludin had just departed for 15 days, followed him at the fastest speed.
We overtook them by the river before they could cross. Seeing that his small army was surrounded by a great army of Mogulls, the Sultan decided to take the battle. From the very beginning, Chinggis Khan instructed two of his people named Kugur-Kalshan and Katur-Kalshan to take note of the Sultan in order to take him alive.
The battle went on from morning to noon, when Sultan-Jalaludin, seeing that there were very few people left, pressed by the Mogulls, made a desperate attempt to break out of the cauldron. He jumped to the shore, and jumped into the water on a horse. That he was transported to the other side in front of everyone, where he calmly sat astride and rode away.
Genghis Khan was very impressed with the Sultan's prowess, and said that the happy father is the one who has such a son. Sent for him in pursuit, led by Dubai-Nayan and Balay-Nayan. They chased him for a long time until they lost at the very Indian border.
Citadel of Herat. 19th century engraving.
When Togachar-Kantaret was killed near Herat, his army went under the command of Chen-Noyan and Sudai-Bayadur, and they, being notified of this incident, went to Herat to take revenge, but the inhabitants of the city opened the gates and went out to meet with gifts and treats, said that they had nothing to do with that atrocity with Togachar-Kantaret.
The mogulls, without causing any harm to the inhabitants, took from them only what was required for the campaign, and went to Neshabur.
Sultan Mohammed, notified that a pursuit of 30,000 people was sent after him, on the advice of noble people left with a small number of people to the city of Kachvin in the province of Iraq, and left the first masters of his court in Neshabur.
In Kachvin, his son ruled, Sultan Ruknudin, under whose command there were 30,000 soldiers. When they approached the city, Ruknudin with several people met his father and took him to the city, showing all kinds of signs of respect.
Meanwhile, Chena-Noyan and Sudai-Bayadur came to Neshabur, and sent them to the ruling masters, with a proposal to surrender the city, to which they replied that first let them defeat their lord Sultan Mohammed, then they would submit in the same way, and open the gates of the city … With this answer, rich gifts were sent to the Mogulls.
Chena-Noyan and Sudai-Bayadur decided that the answer was to their liking, and sent a copy of the decree that the cities that opened the gates would be protected, and those that resisted would be subject to ruin. We went to the city of Machandaran ourselves.
Taking the city by force, they beat all the inhabitants, and after learning that Sultan Mohammed was in Kachvin, they went to Iraq.
Sultan Mahomet was notified of the approach of the Moguls, and fled to the city of Karinder. On the way, I ran into several regiments of Moghulls, and miraculously did not hit the full, losing my horse, which was hit by an arrow. Later, being notified that the moguls were approaching Karinder, he ran to the land of Gilan, to the city of Istidar, on the shore of Kulsum (Another of the names of the Caspian Sea).
From Istidar he went by ship to the land of Abaskum-Kichire (Dagestan), and the Mogulls, seeing that he had sailed away, returned to Karinder, took him and ruined him. They captured the wife of Sultan Mohammed, and his son Kayasudin, and went to the city of Ilan, which stood in a country so rainy that there were no wells or rivers nearby in Ilan, but there was always enough water.
But when the Moghulls arrived in Ilan, its inhabitants were in extraordinary need, because there was no rain for 40 days. Then the townspeople decided that this was God's punishment for the fact that they were ruled by Sultan Mohammed. And they sent them to the camp to the Mogulls, to conclude an agreement. As soon as the agreement was signed, a heavy rain fell. So abundant that the streets of the city turned into rivers.
In Ilan, the moguls took a great variety of precious stones and other valuables. They sent everything together with the mother and children of Sultan Mohammed, who were in the city, to Genghis Khan. And he ordered all of them to be killed.
Sultan Mohammed, as soon as he found out about what had happened, fell ill and died of mental anguish. For 20 years he ruled a rich country, but lost everything, and was buried in the dress in which he fell. This happened in the summer of 617 (1220), called Gilan, which means the Serpent.
Chena-Noyan and Sudai-Bayadur went to the provinces of Aran and Adirbeytsan (Armenia and Azerbaijan), and conquered them. The city of Shamakia dared to resist, for which it was destroyed and devastated. From there, taking 10 guides, we went to the city of Derbent. Despite the fact that for the edification of others, one was killed, the guides led the Moghulls along the paths where the Kipchaks and Alans secretly stood.
Seeing the trouble they were in, the generals sent one of their officers to the Kipchaks with rich gifts. He told them that the Kipchaks are of the same blood and they must be at one with the moguls. Having combined, the Moguls and Kipchaks attacked the Alans, and beat many, and took many in full.
Seeing that, the Kipchaks doubted the red words of the Moghulls and went to the Russians. Having copulated with the Russians, they returned to the moguls. Those, seeing them, pretended to run away, for 10 days they retreated to the land of Cherkasy, to a place useful for themselves.
When they returned, they attacked the Russians with the Kipchaks, and defeated them, taking many in full. Seven days later, they were brought across the Kipchak lands to Chinggis Khan, who met them on the border of the Bukhara kingdom. Genghis was very joyful, and rewarded everyone with gifts and honors. (It may well be that here we are talking about the event that we know from "The Lay of Igor's Campaign")
We said earlier that Taulay, from his father, was sent with a great army to the city of Kharassan. In those days it was a great city, and its inhabitants are so rich that they allowed many liberties, and often did not obey their ruler Sultan Mohammed. Nearby stood the city of Mevru, which was also strong.
Taulay sent two of the best officers with a great army to him, but the ruler of Mevru Sheikh Ulisan led the townspeople out to meet him, carrying great gifts, and the keys to the city. Meanwhile, a certain Buga-Turkmann went with people loyal to Sultan Mohammed to the forests.
Upon departure, the Moguls returned with the Tadiks and Turkmans, and forced the inhabitants to recognize him as their commander. At the same time, Madjar Ulmulk, who had previously been the governor of Mevru, and whom Sultan Muhammad had excommunicated, learned of the death of Mohammed, got on a fast hinnie, and arrived in Mevra.
Buga-Turkmann, gathered the residents of the city, and told them that he was giving the rule to Madjar-Ulmulk, who was previously their governor, and he himself asked to be a simple city dweller, which was greeted with great joy.
The man who was in charge of the treasury in Mevra sent a secret letter with a story about what had happened to Khorassm, but the messenger was intercepted at the outpost, and the letter was shown to Madjar-Ulmulk. And he ordered to kill the traitor.
When this happened, the Mogull generals did not expect anything bad from Mevru, and went to the lands of Mazandaran. There, in the capital city of Yachera, which peacefully submitted to them, they learned about what had happened in Mevra. The governor of Yachera Baga-Ulmuk asked the generals to give some army, so that he returned Mevra to the subject of Chinggis Khan, and they gave him 7000 people.
On the way to Mevra, Baga-Ulmuk was notified that Majar-Ulmulk had increased the garrison to 80,000 soldiers, stopped, and sent two officers so that they conveyed that the garrison should surrender. But Madjar-Ulmulk ordered to kill the officers, and prepared to repel.
When the mogulls learned about this, they killed their commander Bagu-Ulmuk and returned to Yachera.
Madjar Ulmulk was so happy about this that he made a great feast for the whole city. But they did not rejoice for long. The next day, the commandant of the city of Amuya arrived, with some army of Turkmans, and said that a great army of Moghulls was approaching. He himself stood by the river, not far from Mevru, in order to detain the moguls at the crossing. But the vanguard of the Moguls beat the Turkmans. Many were killed, including their commander, and the rest were taken in full. It was Taulay himself who conquered Khorassan.
He arrived at Mevra on the first day of the month of Muwarema, summer 618 (1221). The soldiers of the garrison made a large sortie, but they were beaten, and having lost 1000 people killed, they retreated behind the walls. The siege lasted three weeks. And so Taulay, who began to become impatient, ordered the soldiers who had shields to go ahead, broke the rest into 200 parts and led the attack himself.
Madjar-Ulmulk Left the city with gifts, and asked for a treaty. Taulay took the treasures and ordered every one to leave the city. Separated the artists, and pardoned. He ordered the rest to be chopped up, and the scribe to keep records of each beaten. The city of Mevru was great, but even those who saw them marveled when the scribe showed more than 100,000 names of the chopped ones. So far, Mevra has been ravaged four times, with between 10,000 and 60,000 killed each time.
Then Taulay instructed a certain man named Amircia-Udin to command the city, and put Yarmista in charge of the treasury. He ordered them to establish peace on the lands, to give them to the survivors in order to continue farming. He himself went with an army to Herat, in which Melik-Shamsudin-Mohammed arbitrarily took the governorship, and armed an army of about 100,000 people.
Taulay, arriving in Herat, sent an ambassador with a proposal to surrender, but Melik-Shamsudin-Mohammed killed him and made a sortie. The slaughter was so cruel that blood flowed in rivers. Taulay lost more than 1700 officers alone, not counting ordinary soldiers. The turning point came when Melik-Shamsudin-Mohammed was killed by an arrow that hit him in the head. Then his soldiers, left without a commander, lost their courage and fled to the city, and the Moghulls followed them.
Taking off the shishak, Taulay told the townspeople that he was the son of Genghis Khan, and gave his word to have mercy on them if they voluntarily become tributaries of the Great Khan, and the tribute would be set half as much as the one they paid to Sultan Jalaludin.
From that, disagreements arose between the townspeople. Those who agreed to recognize the owner of Genghis Khan moved to one side, and those who decided not to submit, mostly military people, to the other. Taulay took everyone and beat the disobedient ones, those who swore allegiance to Genghis Khan, pardoned, and kept his promise, made with an uncovered brow, before the attack. He appointed Melek-Abubaker as governor, and handed the treasury to Mengetey. And he returned to his father in the city of Talkan.
At first, the Herat inhabitants were very pleased with the new governor and quartermaster, who were truly worthy people, but a little later, they believed in the invincibility of Jalaludin and killed their rulers. And they chose a new governor named Melik-Mobarisudin.
Genghis Khan was notified of this, and the velmi scolded Taulay that he did not beat all the Heratis. He sent his general named Ilchiktei-Noyan with 80,000 soldiers, ordering no one to be left alive in Herat. The designated general arrived at Herat, divided the army into four parts, and began the attack from four sides. Six days later, the city was taken, and the inhabitants were all cut down. Only 15 people survived. The walls were razed to the ground, after which they returned to Genghis Khan in the city of Khorassan. This happened in the summer of 619 (1222).
Genghis Khan, having conquered the whole land of Iran, and having killed everyone who did not agree to be his tributaries, notified that the inhabitants of the land of Katay began to move, on the advice of his children and generals, sent his son Chagatai with a great army to Gilan, for search for the Sultan - Jalaludin. Guessing sent his third son to Gazmien, to resist the enterprises of some gentlemen from the court of Sultan-Mohammed, and to punish the inhabitants of Gazmien. He himself with his son Taulay went to Turan (Turan was the name for all the Siberian lands from the Yenisei to the Caucasus Mountains, and from the Arctic Ocean to Turkestan. - translator's note), in order to better see what was happening in Katai from there.
Guess and Chagatai ended their campaigns with the complete conquest of the lands they went to and joined their father and brother. They could not then catch Sultan-Jalaludin, but they brought scholars from Bukharia to his father. Two of them were allowed to talk with the autocrat. This was in the spring, in the summer of 620 (1223).
The Great Khan asked them who they were and what they were doing. They said that:
- They are Mohammedans, i.e. servants of almighty God sent to teach good;
- Should give to the poor a quarter of what they manage to collect, and from trade;
- Pray five times a day;
- Fasting the entire 12th moon, so that nothing can be inside before sunset;
- Visit Mecca at least once.
Genghis Khan liked everything, except for the last one. It seemed ridiculous to him that he had to go somewhere, and that the Mohammedans could distinguish a suitable place for prayer from an unsuitable one. After all, he is God everywhere, there is no need to go to him for prayer. He released the Bukharians in peace, having handed over the letters about not paying taxes to anyone.
Chinggis-Khan sent a messenger to his son Chuchi-Khan, who lived not far from the Kipchak lands, where an abundance of animals was found in the forests on the border with Turkestan, so that people began to drive the beast for the sovereign, so that he could amuse himself with hunting.
Chuchi gathered a lot of people to drive the beast away, and he went out to meet his father with rich gifts, and knowing that during the campaign his father's horses became thin, he drove them together:
- 20,000 white horses, - 20,000 grays with apples, - 20090 brown, - 20,000 black, and
- 20,000 forelock (with dark spots on light wool) horses.
A total of 100090 heads. In addition, he brought gifts to his brothers. Having had fun on the hunt, Genghis Khan returned to his lands, and there he was notified that the governor of Tangut, named Shidurku, had rebelled against him, and went on a campaign.
Shidurku dared to withdraw an army equal in number against Chinggis Khan, but all were chopped up, and he himself fled to the city of Tangut. Meanwhile, Genghis Khan, having chopped up everyone and burned all the cities, returned with a great number of captives. He was followed by an ambassador from Shidurku to beg forgiveness. Genghis Khan listened to the ambassador and let him go with kind words.
As soon as the ambassador left, Genghis Khan felt an illness. And seeing that it multiplies day by day, I remembered my old dream, seen in Katai, and realized that this was his end. He called his sons, and the sons of his larger son, Chuchi, who had already died at that time.
At the deathbed of his father, his children and grandchildren heard his last will that they should never quarrel, help and support each other, and declared his son Guess the heir to the empire of the Great Mogulls. So that everyone accepts him as the sovereign, and obeys unquestioningly. And he punished that his death should be kept secret until they took revenge on the rebel Shidurk and ruined Tangut. He hugged each one in turn, and died.
The princes kept their word given to their father, and taking a great army went to Tangut. The city was taken, destroyed, Shidurka was killed, and the survivors were taken away to the full.
After that, my father was buried in a place that he himself indicated while on a hunt. He noticed a tall, slender tree on the bank of the river, and bequeathed to bury himself under this tree. The children did everything with the greatest care and respect.
After, when a huge forest grew on this place, they began to bury all the descendants of Genghis Khan, who were Khan in these lands, and the burial place of Bur-Khan Kaldin was called. (which contradicts the information known from European sources about an allegedly secret burial at the bottom of a diverted river, and other horror stories with the extermination of 20,000 innocent civilians after the funeral. However, a strong impression is created that either the author or the translator deliberately did not indicates the cities where Chinggis Khan lived permanently. It is not possible to determine his permanent residence, and therefore, presumably, the burial place, on the basis of the chronicle. However, if we take into account the medieval geographical maps, then the solo city of Chinggis Khan was somewhere in the region Putorana plateau)
Genghis Khan was born in the summer of 559 (1162), called Tongus (pig). Announced by Khan in the same year, called Tongus, and died in the summer 624 (1227), which the Moguls called Tauh (chicken). (there are obvious inconsistencies with dating, probably due to a typographical error, because earlier in the text a date was indicated that almost doubled the age of Chinggis Khan. - my comment).
Genghis Khan was the ruler of a great mind. He was the first to create an army, in the image of which all the armies in the Light are being formed to this day.
- The entire army was divided into corps of 10,000, headed by Tuman-Agasi, which means ten thousand;
- The corps consisted of battalions of 1000 people, each of which was commanded by his own commander Mina-Agasi, which means tysyatsky;
- The battalions consisted of companies of 100 soldiers each with Gus-Agasi (centurion) at the head;
- And these companies were divided into plutongs, each of which was commanded by Un-Agasi, which means the foreman.
But all the officers carried out the orders of one of their generals. A cruel order was introduced in the army, in which those who distinguished themselves always received awards and gifts, and those guilty who committed any crime were punished with death.
Once a year, Genghis Khan arranged an inspection for the entire army and civilian officials, where he checked their skill and ingenuity. The smartest and most courageous became officers and constantly grew in service.
Author: kadykchanskiy