The concept of using stem cells for transplantation has become a truly practical reality: a Japanese man with age-related macular degeneration underwent the first stem cell transplant from another donor. The doctors repurposed the donor's skin cells, turning them into induced pluripotent stem cells (a state from which they can become cells of many kinds), which then became retinal cells. If all goes according to plan, these fresh cells will stop degeneration and preserve the patient's remaining vision.
The problem was this: the recipient's stem cells could contain DNA information that was already damaged. Previously, a technology was used based on the transplantation of one's own stem cells, which can also develop as sensory light-sensitive cells, restoring vision. But, unfortunately, their development did not always follow a given path. Scientists recognized the violation of their own DNA as responsible for this effect, and came to the conclusion that it is necessary to use stem cells from a third-party donor, not burdened by diseases. The experiment was extremely successful.
Considering the fact that 30 to 50 percent of Japanese people suffer from visual impairment, the effect of the introduction of the technology is amazing. Scientists promise to soon create a donor bank in order to solve problems with incompatibility. In addition, they promise that future patients will not have to stand in line: there is always a suitable donor.