Memorable Dates Of The Russian Ruble - Alternative View

Memorable Dates Of The Russian Ruble - Alternative View
Memorable Dates Of The Russian Ruble - Alternative View
Anonim

1134 - The first mention of one of the variants of the word ruble - “ruble hryvnia”. The surviving primary source confirming this anniversary does not exist today. However, there are references to this date contained in later historical documents. So, the ruble hryvnia was mentioned in the charter of Prince Vsevolod Mstislavovich, given to him around 1134 at the Church of John the Baptist on Opoki in Novgorod. With this charter, an autonomous merchant association-guild "Ivanovskoe hundred" was established at the Baptist Church. The main income of the church was made up of trade duties, namely, from the payment for the use of weights and measures that were kept in the church narthex. These were the "measure of trade", and among them was noted the "ruble hryvnia", intended for weighing precious metals.

2.1299 - The earliest written mention of the word ruble, confirmed by the original, dated within 1281-1299. This first written mention of the ruble was found in the Novgorod birch bark letter, which, apparently, makes it possible to unambiguously call Novgorod the birthplace of the ruble.

3. 1054 - The year of death of the Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise - the last of the all-Russian princes, who minted Russian coins. From 988 in Russia, the minting of "gold coins" and "silver coins" - the "progenitors" of the future gold and silver rubles of Russia, began.

4.1534 - The first all-Russian monetary reform and the creation in Russia (for the first time in the world) of the foundations of a national, decimal, counting monetary system. This year marks the creation of the first monetary system unified for the entire centralized Russian state, the birth and beginning of the minting of the "penny", the opening of the first state mint "Red" in Moscow.

5. 1649 - Adoption of the "Cathedral Code". For the first time in the history of Russian statehood, an attempt was made to create a printed set of all existing legal norms, including the Code of Laws and Novoukaznye Articles. Among other things, the Code introduced clearly defined liability for counterfeiting. In this regard, in Chapter V it was written: "About money masters who learn to make thieves' money … they will fill their throats with molten lead."

6. 1654 - The first coinage of the word "Ruble". As a result of the monetary reform of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, an eagle with raised wings first appears on the Russian state emblem.

7.1694 - Date when I. T. Pososhko the first outstanding Russian theoretical economist, publicist, entrepreneur (merchant), inventor created a model of a money machine as a gift to Tsar Peter I. After the Decree of the Tsar in 1700 on the minting of copper coins, I. Pososhkov became the first minter: “And I … wild business and all that money business established … . The documents of the Armory for 1704 call I. T. Pososhkov as a “statutory master of money”.

8. 1699 - Creation of a unified state system of minting coins and monetary circulation - the Moscow Mint. Under the leadership of General-Admiral F. A. Golovin - the first holder of the first highest award in Russia - the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called (1699), this institution has made a great contribution to the dynamic development of the country. As head of the mint, F. Golovin more than doubled the issue of the coin in 1700-1702 alone. This was facilitated by the transition to the development of the first state silver ore deposit in Russia, found near the city of Nerchinsk (which he founded, and from where samples of silver ore were brought back in 1689.

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9. 1704 - The emergence of the world's first decimal monetary system, known as the "Russian" ("RDMS"), introduced during the monetary reform of Peter I. Of course, today this system should be considered the most important, the most outstanding priority of Russia in world money circulation during the entire existence of the Russian statehood. Let us also remind that since this year the ruble has been regularly minted in Russia and the first Russian stock exchange has been established.

10. 1714 - Peter the Great founded the first state public museum - the Kunstkamera, which included the Kunstkabinet and the Munzkabinet, that is, in fact, the first Russian scientific center for the study of money and their museum storage. Peter I said: "I want people to watch and learn!" In Russia, the first numismatic collection was just the collection of the Kunstkamera of Peter I.

11. 1719 Receipt by the Russian inventor Ivan Mokeev of the first Russian "home" gold used for minting Russian coins. The essence of the method he proposed for the integrated use of ores has been applied to this day.

12. 1724 - Opening by Peter I of the St. Petersburg Mint, where coins (rubles) with the sign "s.p.b." were first minted and a portrait of the first emperor of Russia on the obverse ("sunny rubles"). This year, a Russian nugget inventor, an outstanding mechanic A. K. Nartov deservedly accepted from the hands of Tsar Peter I a rare award - a gold medal with the image of his idol. It was Nartov who invented and introduced into production the original coin machines for the mint. He also developed the design of the world's first screw-cutting lathe with a mechanized slide, the principle of which has not changed until today.

13. 1739 - Invention by Ivan Mokeev of standing folding molds (for vertical casting of coins). This was a significant contribution to world coinage. There were no analogues to the invention in the world. It is noteworthy that the ingenious invention at that time was arrogantly underestimated by the foreign leadership of the St. Petersburg Mint. As a result, the same molds came to Russia 100 years later from London, as an English invention.

14. 1744 - Submission to the Senate of a proposal to issue paper money in Russia. In the same year, the peasant Erofey Markov discovered quartz interspersed with gold on the Pyshma River in the Urals. At the site of the find, the mine of the Berezovsky mine was dug, the first mine for industrial gold mining in Russia (Russia was the first in the world to start industrial gold mining).

15.1764 - Monetary reform of Catherine II on equalizing the ratio of the value of gold and silver under

European standard. In Russia, the ideal proportion is established between gold and silver coins,

complying with international standards. The decree played an important role, since before it the minting of gold and silver coins was constantly decreasing. From the same time in Russia for the first time began the regular issue of fifteen-kopeck and two-kopeck coins from 750 silver.

16. 1769 - Issue of the first Russian paper money. To provide banknotes, it was also planned to organize the production of special copper rubles weighing 1 kg (!), The so-called "sestroretsk" (square) rubles. However, the mass production of these coins did not take place. Several dozen trial copies were released.

17. 1799 - The beginning of the minting of coins and medals at the temporary Bank Mint. Here, for the first time in Russian coinage, steam engines were installed and launched, built at Russian factories in Petrozavodsk and St. Petersburg.

18. 1819 - Start of work at full capacity of the Expedition for the Procurement of State Papers ("EZGB") - the first and only (until 1918) enterprise in the country that carried out business of "state importance" - printing paper money, securities, postage stamps and stamped state paper. In "EZGB", for the first time in the world practice, they learned how to make and use in industrial production watermarks in the form of portraits and paintings. Samples of this product, first presented at the World Exhibition in London in 1872, were awarded a gold medal (then in Paris in 1878). By the way, 1819 was the year of the abdication of the brother of Tsar Alexander I from the royal throne, which is why then the rarest Russian ruble appeared, with Tsar Constantine, who never existed.

19. 1824 Discovery of a deposit of rich gold placers in the basin of the Miass River, which was visited by Emperor Alexander I in the same year, where he “lathered” a 3 kg nugget with his own hands. This is the rarest case in world practice. A 36 kg nugget of gold was also discovered here, called the "Big Triangle", which is stored in the Kremlin's Diamond Fund as the largest surviving nugget in the world.

20. 1829 - Issue of a platinum coin with a face value of 6 rubles. The event was due to the famous Russian engineer and inventor P. G. Sobolevsky - the founder of powder metallurgy. This invention made it possible to regularly mint platinum coins for circulation in Russia (for the first time in the world). In this case, we are dealing with a unique case in the global financial system, an unconditional Russian world priority.

21. 1834 - Issue of the first Russian commemorative ruble in honor of the opening of the Alexander Column in the center of Palace Square in St. Petersburg, established in honor of the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. The Open Monument is the tallest monument in the world made from a single piece of granite.

22. 1839 - The beginning of the monetary reform, which established the silver ruble as the main means of payment. In 1839, the Securities Procurement Expedition for the first time in the world mastered and applied the technique of electroforming and reproduction of clichés for printing paper money on a large scale. Electroplating (and electroplating) is a world-class discovery of the outstanding Russian scientist and inventor B. S. Jacobi, still used today. By the way, he was in 1839. the first telegraph writing apparatus in the world was created, and then the world's first direct-printing apparatus, which made it possible, among other things, to revolutionize money transfers.

23. 1844 - Launch of the first paper credit. And in the same 1844 in London, Paris and Geneva, reports were first published about the discovery by the Russian engineer P. R. Bagration method of cyanidation (obtaining gold, including for the minting of gold coins), which is now widely used to obtain gold around the world.

24.1859 - Issue of a commemorative ruble for the unveiling of the equestrian statue of Tsar Nicholas

25. 1864 - Issue of the first winning domestic loan in the form of 100-ruble bonds. At the same time, the first in Russia St. Petersburg private commercial bank was opened. At the St. Petersburg Mint, the "original machine" was destroyed - the world's first lever press for stamping (printing) coins, created in 1809-1813 by the Russian inventor I. A. Nevedomsky. The invention, underestimated in Russia, was copied by the Germans and “came” to Russia in the middle of the 19th century as a German one. And today all over the world coin printing machines retain the foundations of a design developed by a Russian inventor in the early 19th century.

26. 1894 - Approval by Emperor Alexander III of the new charter of the State Bank, which marked the beginning of the transition to gold monometallism - from the silver ruble to the gold one.

27. 1899 - Approval by the last emperor of Russia, Nicholas II, who completed the monetary reform, Minister of Finance S. Yu. Witte of the Coin Charter, which ensured the transition to full gold convertibility of the Russian ruble. And in the same year a patent of the Russian Empire was issued for the Oryol method of multicolor printing of banknotes (inventor I. I. Orlov). This printing method, with minor changes, is used in many countries of the world to this day.

28 1904 - birthday of the world-famous historian, numismatist I. G. Spassky, whose main work is "The Russian Monetary System", based on real historical facts, was the first to scientifically substantiate

Russian world priority RMS.

29.1914 - Termination of the exchange of paper rubles for a gold coin, as well as the minting of the last commemorative ruble of tsarist Russia in honor of the victory of Peter I, which never got into circulation due to the outbreak of war

30.1919 - Issue of the first Soviet ruble and formation of Goznak.

31.1924 - The end of the first Soviet monetary reform. As part of the systemic changes carried out at that time, the state emblem of the USSR was depicted on all money - paper and metal; the minting of the first Soviet copper penny and the first silver rubles and fifty dollars of the USSR began; there was the last unprecedented rise in the history of the ruble exchange rate. In the wake of the strengthening of the chervonets, the West abandoned settlements in gold coins in favor of gold bars or foreign currency.

32. 1994 - The discontinuation of the issue of paper rubles of 1961-1992 samples and the statement of the Central Bank of Russia that, having reached its 460th anniversary, the penny ceased to exist and went down in history. The subsequent attempt to "return" the penny was no longer successful.

33. 2004. Establishment of the first monument to the Russian ruble. At the end of 2004, for the first time in the history of Russia, a monument to the Russian Ruble was erected in Dimitrovgrad. This is the first in the history of Russia (in the world), a monument to the Russian ruble (its achievements) and "RDMS". Monument to the artistic, monumental image of the Russian ruble and "RDMS"