Who Was Jalal Ad-din Muhammad Rumi In Real Life - Alternative View

Who Was Jalal Ad-din Muhammad Rumi In Real Life - Alternative View
Who Was Jalal Ad-din Muhammad Rumi In Real Life - Alternative View

Video: Who Was Jalal Ad-din Muhammad Rumi In Real Life - Alternative View

Video: Who Was Jalal Ad-din Muhammad Rumi In Real Life - Alternative View
Video: Hazrat Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi [800 Years Ago] | Animated Life Story of a Great Sufi of Love | ENG 2024, March
Anonim

The founder of the Maulawiyya order - dancing dervishes - and the greatest Muslim poet Jalal ad-din Muhammad Rumi went down in history as a "teacher of awakening". The Persian mystic received from his adherents the honorary conversion of Mawlana, which means "Our Teacher". Rumi's role in the renewal of Islam is great, but he also influenced Christianity.

Sometimes they write that Rumi was born on September 30, 1207 in the city of Balkh in the north of Afghanistan, which was at that time a large city in the Iranian province of Khorasan. However, such a prominent scholar of Sufism as Idris Shah was more cautious and laconic said that Rumi “was born into a noble family in Bactria at the beginning of the 13th century, and lived and taught in Iconium (Rum) in Asia Minor until the emergence of the Ottoman Empire, from the throne of which he, as they say, he refused."

His father Muhammad ibn Husayn Husayni Bakri known as Mawlana Beha al-Din Walad was a court theologian and lawyer, as well as a popular Sufi preacher. In 1219, the family was forced to flee from their hometown from the Mongol invasion. As it turned out - on time, since a year later this city was wiped off the face of the earth. However, there is evidence that the clairvoyant father Rumi foresaw that the short-sighted politician Khorezm Shah would kill the ambassadors of Genghis Khan and the revenge of the Mongols would be terrible, and therefore hastened to leave. As a result, the Rumi family went on a hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca, but at the same time everyone understood that they would not have to return home.

Early biographers of Rumi derived his father's lineage from the first caliph, companion and father-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad Abu Bakr. And the mother would have come from one of the Khorezm shahs. Later researchers saw this as a characteristic for the East "decoration" of the biography of a famous person, attributing to him a relationship with the popular figures of that time.

During his long wanderings in search of a permanent place of residence, the boy met in Nishapur the famous poet Attar, who allegedly exclaimed: "How much fire, how much flame this youth will bring to the world!" While in Damascus, the famous thinker Ibn al-Arabi, seeing Rumi following his father, said in admiration: “Praise be to Allah! Here is the ocean that walks across the lake!"

During these years, the young man also married a girl named Gauhar Chatun, who also fled from Samarkand from the Mongol invasion, who gave him two sons, Ala ad-Din and Sultan Valad. The latter became a poet and devoted his life to serving the brotherhood of dancing dervishes founded by his father, Rumi.

Rumi was not yet called by that name at the time. At first, the family settled in Anatolia, in the city of Konya (200 km south of the current Turkish capital Ankara). This province in Asia Minor, formerly the territory of the Byzantine Empire, and therefore called Rum, that is, Rome (Roma), became part of the state of the Seljuk Turks. Subsequently, Jalal ad-din received the nickname "Rumi" - "Romei", a resident of the East Roman or Byzantine Empire; in other words, "from Rum". True, Idris Shah believes that this pseudonym contains a Persian and Arabic root with the meaning of "light".

In 1230, after the death of his father, Rumi, who was 24 years old, went to study in Aleppo and Damascus. Seven years later, Jalal ad-Din returned to Konya and from 1240 to 1249. taught jurisprudence and canon law, remaining a devout theologian and moderate Sufi. On November 24, 1244, a wandering dervish, 60-year-old Shams ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ali at-Tabrizi, appeared in Konya, in whom Rumi saw the Messenger of Allah and his real teacher. There are many stories about their meeting, during which Rumi turns into one of the greatest mystics.

Promotional video:

On December 3, 1247 Shams ad-Din was killed under mysterious circumstances. The rumor accused Rumi's students of this, who were supposedly jealous of their teacher or envied him. Rumi was inconsolable and folded up a collection (sofa) of mystical odes bearing the name of his teacher, which became for him, as it were, a symbol of God, an earthly image of "heavenly Beloved." The poet announces the resurrection of Shams ad-Din in himself and signs the verses with his name.

Rumi established spiritual zeal to music with singing and recitation of poems in honor of Shams - sama, in which dance entered as an element of psychotechnics. The main work of his life, the encyclopedia of Sufism, the grandiose poem "Masnavi" Rumi for 43 years (as Idris Shah testifies) dictated in a state of ecstasy. His son Sultan Walad said about his father: “he never, even for a moment, stopped listening to music and dancing; he gave himself no rest, day or night. He was a scientist - he became a poet. I was an ascetic - intoxicated with love, not with a vine: an enlightened soul drinks only the drink of Light."

Mircea Eliade wrote that “mainly thanks to Chelebi, Rumi created his main work -“Masnavi.”Indeed, at the end of his life, Rumi appointed Husam ad-Din Chelebi as the mentor of his disciples. The poet dictated to him couplets of the poem or during a walk, and sometimes even in your own bath. "Masnavi" is the pinnacle of classical Persian poetry, is a huge epic, numbering about 45 thousand verses, in which the texts of the Koran and hadiths coexist with anecdotes, fables, dialogues, legends, fairy tales, etc.

Jalal ad-din Muhammad Rumi was not a Sufi philosopher, but a practitioner striving for ecstatic union with God through herself and expressing his experience in verse. Rumi and his disciples founded the Maulaviyya Sufi order, whose name comes from the nickname Mawlana, which means “Our Teacher” or “Our Lord” (his son Sultan Valad, considered one of the founders of Turkish literature, especially helped in the creation of this order, Rumi). In Europe, this order was called a sect of whirling dervishes, and for a long time was considered a kind of sect of Russian Christover-Khlysty, although the similarity of the practices of these religious trends is, in fact, purely external. During the ritual, the dancing dervishes themselves spun like a top at an ever faster pace around their axis and around the perimeter of the room. Wherein,and in everyday life they wore a white (like a shroud) robe and over it a black cloak (a symbol of the grave). The dervishes wore a high felt cap (the symbol of the tombstone) on their heads.

The Maulawiyya order was one of the most influential in Ottoman Turkey. Most of the sultans of the empire in one way or another were associated with this particular order. And although the order was dissolved by the decree of Kemal Ataturk in 1925, and its property was confiscated, the poems of its founder still occupy an honorable place in world literature, and the traditions of dancing dervishes have not been interrupted. Until now, it itself is one of the most popular dervish practices, and, looking at the bewitching movements of the dervishes during the ritual, many believers and simply interested in Islam feel the descent of the Light of Truth into this world. In addition, Jalal ad-din Muhammad Rumi, like many other prominent religious and political figures remained in the people's memory as a folklore character, though not under his own name. Many researchers believethat he was one of the prototypes of the Turkish (and later, all-Muslim) poet, philosopher and witty Haji Nasreddin (we often write him as Khoja Nasreddin, but this is not entirely correct). And although the image of Haji is quite collective, at least half of the stories about Nassredin almost entirely coincide with the legends that told about the life of Rumi.

IGOR BOKKER