A climate of mass destruction
“… A bulletproof vest can save you from a bullet, an anti-missile defense system can save you from a nuclear bomb. And against the fury of nature, humanity is powerless … . This was stated recently in an interview with Pravda. Ru by Alexei Leonkov, a well-known military expert, a specialist in the field of the use of military space forces.
As they say, he has a flag in his hands. But his statement is indisputable in relation to only one of the manifestations of "nature's fury" - seismic. As for the second - climatic, - in the last century, mankind has done something to curb and - scary to say - use.
We are talking about the main manifestation of this "rage" - hurricanes. They arise when the temperature of the upper layers of the ocean or sea rises sharply. Evaporation intensifies, and huge air masses from the surface rush upward. This creates a powerful thrust. Due to the movement of the Earth, this rise in air takes on a rotational motion. In essence, a hurricane is a huge top with a diameter of several tens, or even hundreds of kilometers, spinning with great force. Inside it there is a kind of axis, which is called the "eye of the storm" - there are almost no wind and clouds. And a colossal centrifuge, having arisen, begins to move where the air pressure is lower.
The kinetic energy of the hurricane is enormous - it is half the generating capacity of all power plants in the world.
Attempts to influence hurricanes from the outside were carried out many times and in different ways. But in all cases, only two goals were set: to drown out the hurricane during its inception or to redirect its movement.
Drown out the hurricane
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There are at least a dozen ways to do this. All of them were based on the characteristics of the origin of the hurricane. It is possible to kill it in the bud, weaken it or divert it from an undesirable place at an early stage, until the cloudiness that forms in an avalanche in the outbreak reaches a height of 8-9 km. After that, it will be impossible to influence the element. To bring these technologies to perfection, it is required to clearly work out the scientific methods of local forecasting. And apply the "appropriate means."
What are these means? The most fantastic idea comes from Moshe Alamaro of the Department of Earth. It consists in installing many old aircraft engines on the barge and directing their exhaust jet upward. Which will weaken the vortex by convection.
The second group of scientists proposes to deprive the hurricane of feeding - to drastically reduce the evaporation of water from the ocean surface. For this, different ways are considered. One of them is a thin layer of organic material (something like an oil slick) on the surface of the water, which would have survived well in stormy weather, but self-destructed without any trace a few days later. A similar idea was proposed by renowned hurricane specialist Kerry Emmanuel.
From 1962 to 1983, the Americans worked on the "storm fury" project. His goal was to pacify the hurricane by sowing silver iodide.
Another idea is to induce “anticonvection” in the ocean so that deep, cold layers rise to the surface of the ocean where the hurricane starts and weaken it. But how? And by what means? Academician O. Krokhin, who worked at the nuclear center in the Urals, suggested doing this with the energy of an explosion.
"Is it possible to destroy this formidable natural phenomenon in the inception phase?" - asks the scientist. And he answers: "If you break the ridge of the devil's spiral and thereby interrupt the supply of energy, then it must fade away" …
In the fall of 1972, the group of Academician General Oleg Chembrovsky was trying to find ways to interrupt this "Dvol spiral". The group operated in absolute secrecy on the coast of Kamchatka and Sakhalin. Huge - several tens of tons - concentrated charges of RDX were dumped into the emerging craters of typhoons (hurricanes), set to explode under the "jump layer". The "jump layer" - up to 100 m, separating two water masses, the upper, well-mixed and warmer, and the lower, colder, is an obstacle preventing the rise of deep waters. The explosion was supposed to destroy this barrier, and cold water - to fall on the "point" of the hurricane and destroy it in the bud. With conventional explosives, this did not work.
And then Chembrovsky requested a nuclear depth charge. This option, apparently, was provided for in the approved developments. And she was thrown from the bomber exactly in the center of the "eye of the storm". And when the mushroom cloud of a nuclear explosion settled, the "devil's spiral" of the hurricane was gone.
Why the nuclear explosion method is not used
And in fact - why would it be? The works of O. Chembrovsky proved that the elimination of a hurricane in the bud is possible. Maybe such studies were not conducted by other countries? But the command of the armed forces and the political leadership of the states that conducted mass tests of nuclear weapons in all natural environments of the planet, this information, of course, is fully known, with detailed characteristics of the processes and precise parameters.
The United States of America conducted 1,054 nuclear tests between 1945 and 1992. Of these, 839 explosions were under water. Underwater tests were carried out in the area of the Bikini and Eniwetok atolls. France fired 123 underwater explosions on the Mururoa and Fangataufa reefs. This is almost three times the number of similar tests in Russia. Russia from 1949 to 1990 conducted 715 nuclear weapons tests, mainly at the Semipalatinsk test site. The island of Novaya Zemlya became a testing ground later, but it was here on the Chernaya Bay that all types of surface and underwater nuclear weapons were tested. According to the NATO Main Meteorological Center, attempts were made to extinguish hurricane cores, but their number and results are unknown.
However, Russian intelligence centers call this number. From the explosions of eleven atomic depth charges dropped from anti-submarine aircraft into the core of hurricanes, six of them stopped developing, the rest lost up to 60 percent of their power and turned into storms.
In 1978, a convention was adopted on the prohibition of the negative impact on the climate. The USSR and the USA signed the treaty. Since then, there have been no proven cases of military use of climate weapons, but accusations of the involvement of certain forces in natural disasters continue.
Retarget hurricane
In August 2005, after Hurricane Katrina, Idaho meteorologist Scott Stevens said that the hurricane "can be initiated by a" weather weapon "developed in the USSR, which generates instability of air masses using powerful electromagnetic waves."
After Hurricane Harvey swept across the United States and Irma destroyed more than 90% of the buildings in the Caribbean Islands and significantly damaged the infrastructure and housing of Florida, the United States began to massively call Russia and its “climate weapon” the culprit of the cataclysms.
Experts point to an almost sensible mischief of "Harvey". And indeed! Texas Governor Greg Abbott said at a press conference that the state needs more than $ 125 billion from the federal government to cope with the aftermath of the hurricane. Harvey destroyed nearly a third of US refineries. And then fell upon the fourth largest city in terms of population - the metropolitan area of Greater Houston with a total population of almost 7 million people. The city is the world's leading center for the energy industry. The most important economic and infrastructure facilities are the Lyndon Johnson Space Center, the most important port for international cargo transportation, the Houston shipping channel, the world's largest Texas Medical Center.
And all this is practically out of order. Not to mention more than 100,000 homes destroyed or rendered uninhabitable. A strike, in power and purposefulness, comparable only to a nuclear bombing.
The main center of NASA alone is a huge complex that unites more than a hundred buildings for various purposes on an area of 656 hectares. Here, NASA specialists were engaged in the development of spacecraft, the preparation of American and foreign astronauts for space flights, there was a center for command and control of space flights. And a huge employee housing complex. That's what Harvey destroyed. A knockout blow to American astronautics! Involuntarily one wonders: was it not a gigantic malice that happened? Didn't Kim Jong Un hit? Well, this one would not have thought about it, but his hands are short.
But who could retarget the hurricane? If such actions are possible with the modern level of climate technology.
Two objects cannot be passed over in silence: the American HAARP complex, which is located in Alaska, and the Sura facility, located in Russia, not far from Nizhny Novgorod.
These two objects, according to some experts, are climate weapons that can change the weather on a global scale, affecting the processes in the ionosphere. The HAARP complex is especially famous in this respect.
This is the site where the antennas are located, with an area of 13 hectares. Officially, the facility was built to study the ionosphere of our planet. It is there that the processes take place that have the greatest impact on the formation of the Earth's climate. But even with all this in mind, is HAARP a climate weapon? Unlikely.
The HAARP complex is by no means unique. The construction of such facilities began back in the 60s of the last century. They were built in the USSR, Europe, and South America. It's just that HAARP is the largest such complex, and the participation of the military adds secrecy.
In Russia, the Sura facility in Vasilsursk, which has a more modest size, is doing similar work. However, "Sura" works and studies electromagnetism in the high layers of the atmosphere. Several other similar complexes existed on the territory of the former USSR. Of these, only one survived and operates - in Tomsk, on the basis of the Siberian Institute of Physics and Technology. However, there is no information about his activities.
I don't think, however, that these objects were involved in the Caribbean hurricanes. But who then? And does such an attacker exist at all?
Mark Steinberg
