Even in ancient times, people thought about how to protect themselves from various disasters that could be dangerous not only for an individual person, but also for civilization as a whole. That is why many residents left their homes, went into caves, tunnels and built their way of life there. Many of these underground cities have survived to this day, and researchers are showing particular interest in them. Their study can lead to new discoveries about the life of ancient people, their knowledge and abilities in various spheres of life.
Such cities are located in many countries, but one of the most interesting cities was found in Turkey, in Cappadocia. The main part of such cities is made up of buildings of 5-6 floors. There are also 20-storey buildings, the passability of which is difficult due to landslides, and they have not yet been studied. In general, all underground cities are similar to each other. Most of them are many rooms connected by long corridors and tunnels. They are equipped with ventilation shafts and chimneys, which still perform their functions perfectly. There were also rooms for rest and cooking, for storing things, and for performing various rituals. The connection between the floors was carried out through small holes in the walls, there were toilets and even cemeteries.
Another characteristic feature of underground cities is the entrance to it, which was equipped with a round stone door. Its weight reached about 300 kilograms, and its diameter was 1.5 meters. In order to close the door, a rod was used, which was fixed in a certain way so that no one could enter the tunnel. A hole was made in the center of the door through which the ancient people watched the actions of their enemies.
The underground cities were illuminated with lamps that used linseed oil. The heat emanating from them also served as a means for heating underground rooms. In most cases, such dwellings also had a secret exit in addition to the main one, which everyone knew about. In addition, in such cities it was often possible to find “false” tunnels that led a person to a cliff.
Scientists cannot yet say the exact time of the creation of underground cities, but there are several fairly truthful assumptions. One of such versions is that representatives of another religion found refuge in underground cities during the flourishing of Christianity. Christians also took refuge in them during the times of oppression by the Arab troops, but they were not the creators. The inscriptions and objects found during the research gave reason to believe that the cities were created by the Hittites, a people engaged in metal crafts. They passed through the rocks, breaking stones with chisels, thus making their way. From some sources it is known that this people lived on the territory of Turkey from 1800 BC. 1300 g up to. AD
For the construction of underground cities, a huge amount of cubic meters of rock had to be raised to the surface of the earth, the volume of which was several times greater than the volume of construction of the Egyptian pyramids. It's hard to imagine how much work it cost. Even with the use of modern technology, it is almost impossible to build such a number of underground structures. How did the ancient people manage to do this, who, at the supposed moment of the appearance of underground cities, only knew how to build simple huts and use stone tools? Who could use these grandiose tunnels, and for what purpose?
In search of answers to these questions, scientists have found more and more underground structures. One of these finds was a tunnel in Ecuador, the study of which gave scientists the opportunity to believe that all the objects located on its territory belong to the pre-Christian era.
Most of all, scientists were surprised by the fact that on the walls of the tunnel there were pictures of not only extinct animals, but also those that exist in our time. The length of this tunnel is several hundred kilometers and the depth is 240 meters. In one of the discovered rooms, scientists found chairs made of a material that feels like plastic. In another room, a real discovery awaited them in the form of a library, where books were kept in gold covers. The information on the pages of these books is not yet clear, there are many different symbols and drawings describing some events of those times.
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Scientists disagree about the time and history of the construction of underground cities, but the fact that the ancient inhabitants used them for a long stay, they are unanimous. In the course of research, it was found that people not only took refuge there, but also raised livestock and made supplies in the cellars. Evidence of a long stay underground and the branched structure of the structures.
But why did the inhabitants of the underground deliberately deprive themselves of sunlight and spend years underground, who or what were they afraid of? There was a world of its own, unlike the one that existed on the surface of the earth. Someone puts forward a version that dwarfs or gnomes could be inhabitants of underground cities, since the height of tunnels and corridors is not intended for humans above 150 cm. This version is closest to the truth, the dwarf race at that time could well exist.
The scale and quality of the construction of underground cities amazes modern builders, it is difficult to imagine that people with primitive knowledge could do this. The builders of underground cities possessed unique knowledge, which, perhaps, even in our time, modern inhabitants do not have. It is believed that the climate of those times was so harsh that earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters were so frequent that they forced ancient people to spend most of their lives underground, building entire cities.
Whether this is really so, still needs to be studied and rechecked in order to draw final conclusions about the time of construction and the purpose of underground structures. One thing is clear that the evidence of human life found in underground structures is a real discovery in the archeology of this century.