Dutch Hills. Part Two - Alternative View | Alternative history 2024

2024 Author: Keith Bush | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 14:01

As it turned out from the first part, all the detached hills were of artificial origin. And if there are hills of natural origin, then they were formed as a result of some natural disaster, such as in the Netherlands, as a result of the movement of glaciers. Which covered part of Western Europe, and in particular the territory of the Netherlands, according to the official version, a very long time ago - about 25,000 - 19,000 years ago. But is it really so? Considering the fertile layer covering such hills with only a few centimeters:

Excavated moraine.

We continue our acquaintance with the Dutch hills.

Barrows

3500 years ago there was a headstone and a grave often one. The dead were buried just below ground level, and then covered from above with a thick layer of sand and mostly turf. As a result, approximately 1,700 such burials remained on the territory of the Netherlands, mainly in areas of dry sandy soils. At the base, they have a diameter of 10 to 25 meters, the height ranges from 50 cm to 2.5 meters. More than 500 kurgans are known in the province of Drenthe, 192 in Brabant, in Friesland 1, the largest concentration of hills is in the Veluwe - about 640. For such a long time, nothing remained of the corpses in the kurgans. Even the bones were dissolved. Sometimes there are teeth or a shadow of a body in the sand - you can see in what position the body was buried. There are also clay shards.

The whole complex of mounds of the ElstElsterberg mountain all the mounds are numbered Most clearly visible:

Promotional video:

These hills became famous thanks to the archaeologist and lover Lot Delfin (Lot Delfin 1914-2010). During her daily walks in the woods with her dog in the 60s and 70s of the last century, she noticed numerous strange round hills. She was convinced that these must be prehistoric mounds. Since she often came across different shards, which she collected and wrote down where they came across to her. Her idea was confirmed when she brought in provincial archaeologist Pim van Tent. Together with amateur archaeologists of the Netherlands Archaeological Association, he excavated in 1971 several cuts in several hills discovered by Lot. Traces were found in all the hills, proving that these mounds were prehistoric. Belonging to the Bronze or Iron Ages. Some were at least 4,000 years old.

Excavation of the hills by archaeologist David Fontaine.

Dutch archaeologist David Fontijn: “In the Netherlands, about 3,000 officially registered mounds have now been discovered, most of them in Veluwe and Drenthe. But there are many available in the province of Utrecht."

Burial mounds are common in the northern hemisphere, according to the Lyden archaeologist. “It is a European-North Asian tradition to bury the dead in mounds. Mounds can be found from Ireland to Siberia.

ElstElsterberg burial mounds are scattered over the area - here is a hill, there is a hill. We had to make every effort to determine which belonged to each other. People lived within 100 meters of the mounds. One of the mounds is even located on the territory of the farm. Since the dating of the farm and the mound does not differ, it was concluded that the owner was buried in his own yard and, apparently, occupied an important position in the then society. only shards were found in the burial mounds. It is assumed that people in these places were not rich enough to put gold jewelry in the graves. But according to the shards found, archaeologists concluded that the bottom of the burial mound fell with broken shards (smashed somewhere else), on which they placed the deceased in a fetal position. “The fragments probably had a ritual purpose, the meaning of which eludes us.“They dug a ditch around the mound to separate the dead from the living. Later, urns with cremated remains of other dead were buried in the same hills.

Since the beginning of our era, it has been quiet in the area, by that time some of the mounds were already about 2000 years old. While on other mounds in the Middle Ages, gallows were installed and executions were carried out. Or the hills were torn down. These mounds remained intact, probably because they were overgrown with trees and bushes. However, in Roman times, the areas of Rhenen and Elst were not in the backyard. In the early Middle Ages, there was a regional center of power. This can be seen from the castle rampart located in Grebbeberg (a defensive structure consisting of earthen ramparts - I could not find photographs) and from the rich treasure found in Remmerden. But no traces of human presence have been found there for the next 2,000 years.

Items found in one of the mounds.

A rich treasure.

About him:

In 1988, during excavation on the north side of the industrial area in Remmerden, amateur archaeologists found a treasure consisting of silver and gold coins. These were coins of the 7th century. Since coins from that time are very rare, further investigation was carried out. It turned out to be one of the largest coin treasures ever found in our country. It contained 240 early medieval coins, including 98 gold tremiss, a silver denarius and 141 silver sceatta, from the seventh or eighth century. It is unique that the treasure consisted of both gold and silver coins. 62 gold coins bore the circular inscription DORESTATI FIT or FIT and DORESTAT MADELINVS. Madeleine has been a mint master of the trading city of Dorestad since 625 CE.

Grafheuvels van Toterfout-Halve Mijl.

Mound.

This mound is adjacent to another Neolithic mound, several prehistoric mounds from the Medieval Bronze Age (1600 -… 1000 BC) in the province of Noord-Brabant. The mounds are partially surrounded by circular channels, circular ramparts, or one or more rows of palisades.

Prehistoric mound.

Palisade - modern restoration. Many kurgans were examined to understand how they were arranged, i.e. completely destroyed as a result of excavations, and then restored again.

The restored Drieberg burial mounds.

Lonnekerberg.

A moraine-type hill.

The hill is located in the province of Overijssel, about 61 meters high. From a series of moraine-like hills described in the previous article. The difference between these hills and the moraine is that the hills there were formed by folding into folds under the pressure of a creeping glacier of the (local) soil present on its way. The type of these hills was formed from the soil and stones that the glacier took with it. In these hills, there are many granite boulders brought by the glacier from Scandinavia.

Scandinavian boulders.

There are no mountains in the Netherlands, and therefore their stones are not there either. The main type of soil is sand, clay and peat - in general, what was dragged and left by the glacier.

Netherlands megaliths or dolmens, made of Scandinavian boulders brought here by glaciers.

Netherlands megaliths or dolmens.

In the 17th century in Holland, they thought that dolmens were built by giants. That is why dolmen is called hunebed in Dutch, which means "giant's bed". And they also thought that they could be built in a mystical way, with the involvement of extraterrestrial forces, such as levitation, which annuls the force of gravity. (I wonder what they thought the same at the same time on Easter Island, in South America and Egypt) Then they came up with a more realistic way of how this could be built:

Dolmen construction scheme.

Goudsberg (Lunteren).

Sandy hill.

The hill is about 50 m high and consists of sand. Previously, these places were the valley of the Meuse River. During the last ice age, a glacier covered this place, and the river was forced to shift its course to the west. The glacier pushed the bottom of the river into high moraines. (And it looks like a bit of a fertile layer has grown on these moraines since then - over 25 thousand years)

The beautiful moraine hill Woldberg, 26 meters high (located in the province of Overijssel. True, its hilly area is hidden by the forests growing here.

The hill is a moraine.

Door het lage perspectief lijken de grote beuken boven op de Woldberg nog groter.

I tried to find information about how old this beech forest is, since the trees grow in rows and it can be seen that they are planted. I only found information that the forest had been here for a very long time. In any case, in the 15th century it was the territory of the estate of some nobleman, and the forest was his hunting ground. In the forest, there is a field consisting of 8 mounds, which suggests that this area was inhabited thousands of years ago. The people who poured these hills buried their dead in a sitting position or squatted down, along with household items.

There are also several boulders in the forest that have remained here since the Ice Age.

Scandinavian boulders in a beech forest.

There are also concave roads in this forest, which are also common in France and England:

Holleweg.

Another type of hills associated with the Ice Age is called PINGO, or BULGUNNYAKHI (heaving mounds) in Russian, or rather in Yakut. In the Netherlands, such hills are no longer preserved, but their traces have survived:

Pingoruïne in the province of Drente Het Mekelermeer.

Ruined Bulgunnyakha.

Education

pingoruïne are remnants of bulgunnyah, circular hills that form in places where the soil remains frozen all year round. Bulgunnyakhs are still formed in regions of the Far North, for example, in Canada and Siberia, in tundra regions, where the land remains constantly frozen. There is no more permafrost in our country, and therefore Bulgunnyakhs are no longer formed. The Bulgunnyakhs in our country date back from 25,000 to 19,000 years ago, a short span during the last ice age, when the conditions for the formation of the Bulgunnyakh were ideal. Bulgunnyakhs formed in places where spring waters rose up and rested against the frozen upper layer and froze. The soil was thus slightly pushed upward. Since this process was constantly repeated, a layer of ice in the form of a lens was formed, which lifted the ground higher and higher. And in this place a hill was formed, with a diameter of several tens or even hundreds of meters. After the layer of soil on the surface of the ice lens thawed in the summer or at the end of the ice age, it began to fall inward. In this way, an earthen wall was formed around the ice lens. When the ice completely melted at the end of the Ice Age, a circular earthen bank with a lake (lake) in the center remained. As a result of climate warming, the lake was overgrown and turned into a swamp, in which peat was formed. When the ice completely melted at the end of the Ice Age, a circular earthen bank with a lake (lake) in the center remained. As a result of climate warming, the lake was overgrown and turned into a swamp, in which peat was formed. When the ice completely melted at the end of the Ice Age, a circular earthen bank with a lake (lake) in the center remained. As a result of climate warming, the lake was overgrown and turned into a swamp, in which peat was formed.