David May and Joseph Monaghan (Monk University, Australia) have suggested that “bubbles of methane rising from the seabed could sink ships. It is this natural phenomenon that can explain the mysterious loss of some ships. " Regarding plane crashes in the Bermuda Triangle, the authors of the hypothesis believe that methane rising from the ocean floor causes the ignition of aircraft. If the assumption about the "disappearance" of the ships looks plausible, then the idea of the fire of the aircraft raises strong doubts.
Together with methane, phosphine rises from the ocean floor (a gaseous compound of phosphorus with hydrogen), which ignites spontaneously on contact with air. In this case, methane also ignites, at the very surface of the water. Hence the legend of the "burning sea".
The likelihood of methane igniting depends on its concentration. If the gas accumulates in an enclosed space, as, for example, in coal mines, then the likelihood of its ignition from the slightest spark is quite high. The situation is different in open space. With altitude, the concentration of methane drops sharply, which, in turn, reduces the likelihood of its ignition to zero. In addition, strong air currents dominate at the heights where planes fly, scattering methane in the surrounding space.
If a certain amount of methane is sucked into the aircraft engine, then the gas will simply burn out along with the fuel.
Another hypothesis was widely spread: man-made disasters and deaths of people in the Bermuda Triangle cause infrasonic oscillations emitted by sea waves during a strong storm. Could this be?
"… No, and it cannot be," answers the world-renowned oceanographer V. Shuleikin. "For many years I have been studying infrasound emitted by sea waves. With an increase in wind speed and wave amplitude, the intensity of the" voice of the sea "increases … But even the most powerful the hurricane generates infrasound much orders of magnitude less than the intensity that is life-threatening."
If infrasound was the cause of some Bermuda tragedies, then the determining factor was not so much the frequency component as the intensity of the physical factor.
The fact that for decades it has not been possible to create a grounded natural science concept, gave some authors a reason to assume that the mysterious events in the Bermuda Triangle are caused by the intrigues of an alien civilization, or people from a parallel dimension. Cases of frequent UFO sightings over the Triangle area are cited as an argument.
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Needless to say - the possibility of solving the Bermuda problem with the help of aliens looks very tempting, because the technical power of an extraterrestrial civilization can explain any riddles in general. But the visit to Earth by aliens, as well as the fact that UFOs are their flying vehicles, is just a guess, having nothing to do with a scientific hypothesis. Apparently, the "civilizers" are trying to explain the Bermuda riddles with other riddles.
Why has none of the existing versions been universally accepted? There are most likely two reasons for this.
First, although the versions of the "natural scientists" are based on the relevant knowledge, they are all essentially "fitted" only to individual Bermuda phenomena, leaving others "overboard." But the purpose of hypotheses (and theories too) is to explain the totality of similar phenomena, to reveal a general pattern in them.
Secondly, although the versions of the "civilizants" cover the totality of the Bermuda mysteries, they all differ in the absence of evidence. Meanwhile, a hypothesis is not just any guess, but only an assumption, confirmed by concrete facts and human experience.
This article proposes a hypothesis that, based on traditional sciences, includes all the Bermuda mysteries. Let's highlight the nature of several (most significant) Bermuda phenomena.
How steamers "disappear" …
Having shown how ships can "disappear", the Australian authors do not question the reason why methane rises to the ocean surface. Meanwhile, the answer to the question - what is the reason? - leads to clues to other Bermuda phenomena.
There are obviously three factors behind the trigger.
A) High concentration of gases dissolved in water
The remains of dead organisms settling on the ocean floor, decomposing into chemical elements, emit hydrogen sulfide and methane. Under the pressure of a huge layer of ocean water, gases are dissolved (mainly in the bottom waters), just like, say, carbon dioxide is dissolved in a sealed champagne bottle.
The bottom waters are also saturated with gaseous products of volcanism, which, under great pressure, escape through faults and crevices in the ocean floor.
In different regions of the World Ocean, the density of life is not the same, and, consequently, the concentration of gases dissolved in the bottom waters is different. But there is, perhaps, no place in the World Ocean where the density of life would be higher than in the Sargasso Sea *.
The Sargasso Sea for the most part fits into the Bermuda Triangle. The sea got its name because of the huge amount of brown algae floating on its surface, among which sargassum (from Portuguese "sargassum" - grapes) stands out. Thanks to the swimming bladders, similar to grape berries, algae adhere to the surface of the water.
B) High seismic activity of the area
In the Atlantic, up to 50 thousand underwater earthquakes occur a year. The epicenters of almost all seaquakes are concentrated along the largest geological fault on the planet, which crosses the floor of the Atlantic (and the Bermuda Triangle) from north to south. There is also a chain of active volcanoes.
Powerful tremors on the seabed caused by volcanic or tectonic earthquakes, as well as eruptions of submarine volcanoes, can cause gas to escape from the depths of the sea.
C) Fluctuations in atmospheric pressure
The origin of cyclones and tropical hurricanes (which is especially remarkable for the North Atlantic) is accompanied by a drop in atmospheric pressure. In this case, the pressure of the upper layers of water on the lower layers decreases noticeably. The probability of release of gas dissolved in bottom waters to the surface increases especially if the appearance of a cyclone coincides in time with an underwater earthquake.
Sharp fluctuations in atmospheric pressure can themselves be the "trigger" of an earthquake, if, of course, the magnitude of the stress in the earth's crust is critical.
With the rapid release of gases dissolved in the bottom waters, if they overcome the pressure of the overlying water column, the ocean turns into a bubbling foam surface. At the same time, the density of seawater (and, accordingly, its specific gravity) over a space that may cover tens of square kilometers drops sharply. And then even "unsinkable" ships will sink into the abyss of the sea - this is how pieces of cork sink in a freshly uncorked bottle of champagne at the moment of rapid release of carbon dioxide. And if you shake the bottle well, you can “simulate” an earthquake!..
White water
Like water boiling in a kettle, the boiling surface of the ocean will appear white. “White stripes” in the ocean were repeatedly observed and photographed from aircraft - obviously, carbonated water is carried to the northwest by Atlantic currents. It was this - "white as milk" - Columbus observed the water surface, crossing the Gulf of Sagua. This was seen from a height by the pilots of American bombers (the ill-fated 19th flight), near the coast of Florida. "We are entering white water …" were the last words of Lieutenant Taylor. Not surprisingly, the search for traces of the five aircraft crash yielded no results.
Flying Dutchmen
It is known that some animals living both on land and in the aquatic environment feel the approach of an earthquake in a few days (hours). In 1964, we put forward the hypothesis of "bioprediction" of earthquakes - the impending disaster of animals is "warned" by the infrasonic vibrations that precede the earthquake. It follows that a sufficiently intense infrasound probably has a pathogenic effect on organisms. Subsequently, this hypothesis was confirmed by a series of experiments on animals and human volunteers [2 … 4].
Our internal organs consist of cavities and have natural vibration frequencies ranging from 8 to 12 Hz. The impact of sound vibrations of the same frequencies causes resonance of the stomach, heart, lungs, which is why these organs begin to vibrate, which is accompanied by strong painful sensations. Experiments on animals have shown that intense infrasound with a frequency of 7 Hz causes cardiac arrest or rupture of large blood vessels, resulting in death.
The frequencies of the infrasonic range also coincide with the main electrical rhythms of the brain, in particular, with the alpha rhythm. The impact on the psyche of infrasonic frequencies causes a state of extreme despair, panic, horror, which prompted the military of some countries to start developing and testing infrasonic ("psychotronic") weapons.
“It is difficult even to imagine how many ships experienced a sharp shake-up from earthquakes originating in the bowels of the Earth under the sea water,” writes the American seismologist E. Roberts. “Usually, in such cases, the captains tend to think that the ship has stumbled upon an invisible shoal or reef …”
A strong shake-up of a ship caused by an underwater earthquake can be compared to a shockwave that exploded under the bottom of a mine. Powerful shocks from underwater earthquakes often follow a series, one after another, and the death of sailors can occur from mechanical damage to the brain - compression of vital centers, or extensive hemorrhage as a result of rupture of large cerebral vessels.
Indicative in this respect is the event that took place on August 8, 1868 with the US naval vessel "Watery". The ship was on the roadstead in Chile in the port of Arica when the strongest earthquake struck. The rising wave threw the ship ashore, to the foot of the Cordillera ridge. At times, according to the description left by Watery's officer, Lieutenant Billings, the seismic shocks “shook the Water so violently that it began to shake like a kettle of boiling water. Forced at such moments to leave the ship, we moved to the plateau …"
The question is, why did the sailors leave the ship from time to time? - after all trembled and the plateau to which they moved. It trembled with the same frequency as the ship's hull. The reason, obviously, is in the design of the ship, which is a kind of resonator shell, which enhances the effect of infrasound on the body. And when the intensity of the infrasound increased, the sailors, tormented by unbearable pain in the chest and stomach, moved from the ship to the plateau. Well, what if the ship was on the high seas, far from the coast? Then the sailors, seized by the same blind fear, would have got into the boats, or they would have rushed headlong into the water!..
The above information, I believe, fully explains why on some ships a crew is found in full force, but all dead, and without traces of violence on the body; on others, the Flying Dutchmen, not a single person on board.
Magnetic storms
Not only solar radiation, but also terrestrial factors cause the occurrence of magnetic storms.
A) Infrasonic waves generated by an earthquake (seaquake) can disturb the ionosphere and generate magnetic storms. Such magnetic storms are manifested in certain regions, and therefore are not recorded by ionosphere-magnetic stations everywhere.
B) On the ocean floor, especially in places of geological faults, fluid magma finds an outlet. Approaching the surface of a hot magma causes a change in the magnetic field strength, the bottom rocks are magnetized in this case, resulting in local magnetic storms.
C) Since magma is highly ionized, contains a huge amount of metals and radioactive substances, its outpourings induce electric currents in the ocean water. Geological faults running on the ocean floor are natural waveguides through which electric currents leave the earth's interior and propagate in the ocean water column.
Observations of geophysicists have shown that large faults seem to breathe - rhythmically and synchronously expand and contract. It is noteworthy that most of the technical disasters in the adjacent areas coincide with the moments of maximum expansion of the faults. The reason, as it turned out, is that the "pulsation" of the faults causes emissions of electromagnetic energy from the Earth's interior.
The Chernobyl disaster was probably caused by a weak earthquake. Seismograms recorded on the day of the disaster serve as confirmation. Seismograms testified: on April 26, 1986 in the Chernobyl region there was an earthquake with a magnitude of 1 point. In accordance with the standards developed in the USSR, technical structures can be erected no closer than 50 kilometers from a geological fault. But until the mid-1980s, these norms were not observed. Meanwhile, photographs from space showed: the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is located at the junction of several faults. Some seismologists strongly recommended the mothballing of the nuclear power plant.
But the responsible officials ignored these recommendations, in their opinion, "a weak earthquake cannot damage the reactor, at the base of which there is a one and a half meter reinforced concrete slab" … The immediate cause of the atomic catastrophe must have been terrestrial electricity. “Passing through cracks in the ground, linear currents can close into standing spherical waves - plasmoids. They have enormous charges and temperatures - enough to destroy any reactor. In the room under the reactor, holes up to two meters in diameter were gaping on the concrete floor and ceiling. Judging by the melted edges of the holes, the concrete has dissolved, and the metal pipes and supports simply evaporated.
At the same time, many non-metallic objects in the room remained intact. Ball lightning usually has this effect. The Chernobyl reactor was “shot” from under the ground by plasmoids”. The reason for the disaster with the Russian submarine Kursk can be guessed at, given that a 3.9 magnitude earthquake occurred in the Barents Sea, where the maneuvers were taking place, over several days (see also the Chernobyl accident).
D) Fluctuations in magnetic field strength are most often recorded in areas of magnetic anomalies. If in the area of the magnetic anomaly the value of the electric potential sharply increases, then unstable electric fields and magnetic disturbances are formed in the atmosphere; this, in turn, negatively affects the human psyche, makes the compass arrows vibrate continuously, and disrupts radio communications.
A few facts without comment
Electric currents of such high densities have been found in the waters of the Bermuda Triangle that they "seriously interfere with navigation." This fact indicates that the bottom of the North Atlantic is subject to extremely intense tectonic processes.
The Soviet geographer Professor V. Kort, who headed one of the research expeditions in the waters of the Bermuda Triangle, points out: “In this area, from time to time, powerful electromagnetic disturbances arise, causing the danger of“radio silence”.
In 1977, the American research ship Glomar Challenger discovered one of the most intense magnetic anomalies in the entire World Ocean in the Bermuda Triangle.
How do planes disappear?
Seismic waves generated by an earthquake (seaquake) are longitudinal and transverse. It is easy to imagine that a significant part of the infrasonic waves propagating upward will cross somewhere with powerful air currents, which will cause them to deviate more and more from the vertical. This happens at altitudes of 10 … 25 km, because just in this air corridor strong jet currents dominate. Here infrasonic waves will begin to propagate parallel to the earth's surface. The cruising speed of passenger aircraft is developed at altitudes of 10 … 12 km, where up to 90 percent of the flight time takes place.
In school physics textbooks, the optical effect is described: a teaspoon dipped in a glass of water is perceived by the eye as if curved. This illusion is caused by the refraction of light rays at the border of two media - air and water. Radio waves, which have the same nature as light, are also refracted at the border of different media. The shorter the wavelength, the more pronounced the refraction. The so-called coastal refraction effect is based on this phenomenon: when crossing coastlines, radio waves change the direction of propagation; this is why direction finders located near the sea are often error prone.
It is clear that the air mass, in which infrasonic waves propagate, cannot be considered homogeneous - it will be dominated by quite significant compression and depression. Under these conditions, the radio beam that determines the course of the aircraft will behave in the same way as the beam of light coming from a spoon in a glass of water - at the boundaries of different air densities, it will change the direction of propagation. And the more such air compressions and discharges on the way of the aircraft, the more the radio beam will be deflected. Over a considerable area, the line of propagation of the radio beam will acquire a giant arc.
Light rays are perceived by the eye, their refraction can be judged by the effect of a “broken spoon”. A person does not see radio waves. They are directly perceived by navigation devices, which, of course, “do not notice” the change in the direction of the traveling wave. How can a pilot know that well-functioning instruments are deceiving him? No, he does not know this - and the plane deviates further and further from the course.
Is the Boeing 747 of the South Korean KAL airline so deviated from course? The airliner plunged 500 km into Soviet airspace and was shot down over Sakhalin by the air defense service. It is noteworthy that the plane's route ran over seismically active areas.
If a plane lost its intended course flies over the open ocean, and radio communication is interrupted, the pilot loses orientation. And when the fuel tanks are empty, tragedy ensues.
Conclusion
All Bermuda riddles are a chain of natural phenomena, in which the initial link is tectonic processes at the bottom of the North Atlantic.
Seismic waves from underwater earthquakes are often not perceived by seismic stations. Geophysicists explain this circumstance by a combination of factors such as the nature of the soil, the depth of the earthquake source, and the distance to its epicenter. An obstacle for seismic waves can be deep depressions on the bottom of the seas and oceans, such as occur, for example, on the bottom of the Caribbean.
It is appropriate to remember here that a hypothesis is the closer to the truth, the more phenomena it includes and explains.