For the first time, the assumption of the existence of an ancient Sumerian civilization was made not by archaeologists, but by linguists. In the course of the first attempts to decipher the Assyrian and Babylonian cuneiform texts, they encountered literally a jumble of hieroglyphic, syllabic and alphabetic linguistic symbols. This circumstance not only complicated the reading of texts dated from the 4th-3rd millennium BC. e., but also suggested that their language goes back to some much more ancient, originally hieroglyphic writing. This is how the first indirect, but completely scientific confirmation of information about the existing at the turn of the V-IV millennium BC. e. in Lower Mesopotamia of the Sumerian civilization.
But the question of the existence of the Sumerian civilization remained only a scientific hypothesis until, in 1877, an employee of the French consulate in Baghdad, Ernest de Sarzhak, made a discovery that became a historic milestone in the study of Sumerian civilization. In the area of Tello, at the foot of a high hill, he discovered a figurine, which was made in a completely unknown style. Monsieur de Sarzhak organized excavations there, and sculptures, figurines and clay tablets began to appear from the ground, which were decorated with ornaments never seen before.
Among the numerous objects was a statue made of green diorite stone, which depicted the king and high priest of the city-state of Lagash. By many indications, it became clear that this statue was largely older than any previously found piece of art in Mesopotamia. Even the most cautious archaeologists in their estimates admitted that the statue belongs to the 3rd or even 4th millennium BC. e., that is, to the era preceding the emergence of the Assyrian-Babylonian culture.
More curious and "informative" works of applied art found during the ongoing excavation were the Sumerian seals, the earliest examples of which date back to around 3000 BC. e. These were stone cylinders from 1 to 6 cm in height, often there were holes in them: probably, many seal holders wore them around their necks. On the working surface of the seals, inscriptions (in mirror image) and drawings were carved.
These seals were used to fasten various documents, they were put by the craftsmen on the earthenware they made. The documents were drawn up by the Sumerians not on papyrus scrolls or parchments, and not on sheets of paper, but on tablets made of raw clay. After the plaque has dried or been fired, the text and seal impression may persist for a long time.
The depictions on the seals were quite varied. The older ones are mythical creatures: a bird-man, beast-men, various flying objects, balls in the sky. There were also gods in helmets, standing next to the "tree of life", heavenly boats above the lunar disk, which transport creatures resembling people. It should be noted that the motive, known to us as the "tree of life", in our time, scientists interpret in different ways. Some believe that this is an image of a certain ritual structure, others - a memorial stele. There is also an opinion that the "tree of life" is a graphic representation of the DNA double helix, the carrier of the genetic information of all living organisms.
Experts on Sumerian culture consider one of the most mysterious seals to be the one on which the solar system is depicted. Among other scientists, it was studied by one of the most prominent astronomers of the 20th century, Carl Sagan. The information on the press irrefutably confirms that 5-6000 years ago the Sumerians knew that it was the Sun, not the Earth, that was the center of our "near space". There is no doubt about this: the sun is located in the middle on the seal, and it is much larger than the celestial bodies around it. But even this is not the most surprising and important thing. The figure shows all the planets known to us today, but the last of them, Pluto, was discovered only in 1930.
But this, so to speak, is not all. First, in the Sumerian image, Pluto is not located in its present place, but between Saturn and Uranus. And secondly, between Mars and Jupiter, the Sumerians still have a certain celestial body.
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Zachariya Sitchin, a modern scholar with Russian roots, a specialist in biblical texts and the culture of the Middle East, who speaks several languages of the Semitic group, an expert in cuneiform, also studied the amazing print. He is sure that the celestial body depicted on the seal and unknown in our time is another, tenth planet of the solar system - Marduk-Nibiru.
Here is what Sitchin himself said on this score: “There is another planet in our solar system, which appears between Mars and Jupiter every 3600 years. The inhabitants of that planet came to our planet almost half a million years ago and accomplished much of what we read about in the Bible, in the Book of Genesis. I predict that this planet, whose name is Nibiru, will approach the Earth in our day. It is inhabited by intelligent beings - the Anunnaki, and they will mix from their planet to ours and back. It was they who created Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens. Outwardly, we look just like them."
The argument in favor of such a radical hypothesis of Sitchin is that the Sumerians possessed enormous knowledge in the field of astronomy, which can only be explained by the consequence of their contacts with some extraterrestrial civilization.
Even more sensational, according to a number of experts, is the discovery that was made on Kuyundzhik Hill, Iraq, during the excavation of the ancient city of Nineveh. They found a text with calculations, the result of which is represented by the number 195 955 200 000 000. This 15-digit number expresses in seconds 240 cycles of the so-called "year of Plato", the duration of which is about 26 000 "normal" years.
This strange result of the mathematical exercises of the ancient Sumerians was investigated by the scientist Maurice Chatelain from France, a specialist in communication systems with spacecraft, who worked for more than 20 years at the American space agency NASA. For a long time, Chatelain's hobby was the study of paleoastronomy - the astronomical knowledge of ancient peoples, about which he wrote several books.
Chatelain made the assumption that the mysterious 15-digit number can express the so-called Great Constant of the Solar System, which makes it possible to calculate with high accuracy the frequency of repetition of each period in the motion and evolution of planets, their satellites, and comets. The scientist subjected his hypothesis to computer analysis. Here is how he commented on the results: “In all the cases I checked, the orbital period of a planet or comet was (to within a few tenths) a part of the Great Constant from Nineveh, equal to 2,268 million days. I believe this circumstance is a convincing confirmation of the high accuracy with which the Constant was calculated thousands of years ago."
As a result of further research, it turned out that in one case the inaccuracy of the Constant still manifests itself, namely in the case of the so-called "tropical year", which is 365.242199 days. The difference between this value and the value obtained with the Constant was one whole and 386 thousandths of a second.
But American researchers questioned Constant's inaccuracy. Because, according to the latest research, the length of a tropical year decreases by about 16 millionths of a second every thousand years. And dividing the above-mentioned error by this value leads to a truly stunning conclusion: the Great Constant from Nineveh was calculated 64,800 years ago!
It will be appropriate to recall that the ancient Greeks - the generally recognized founders of European civilization - had the largest number of 10,000. Anything exceeding this value was considered infinity for them.
Another "incredible, but obvious" artifact of the Sumerian civilization, also discovered during the excavations of Nineveh, is a clay tablet with an unusual round shape with a note … a manual for spacecraft pilots! The plate is divided into 8 identical sectors. The surviving areas show various patterns: triangles and polygons, arrows, straight and curved lines of demarcation. The decoding of the inscriptions and images on this unique plaque was carried out by a group of scientists, which included linguists, mathematicians and specialists in space navigation.
The researchers concluded that the tablet contains a description of the "travel route" of the supreme deity Enlil, who headed the heavenly council of the Sumerian gods. The text indicates which planets Enlil flew by during his journey, which was carried out in accordance with the previously drawn route. There is also information about the flights of "cosmonauts" arriving on Earth from the tenth planet - Marduk.
The first sector of the tablet contains data on the flight of the spacecraft, which flies around the planets on its way from the outside. Approaching the Earth, the ship passes through the "clouds of steam" and then descends below, into the "clear sky" zone. After that, the crew turns on the landing system equipment, starts the brake engines and leads the ship over the mountains to a predetermined landing site. The flight path between the astronauts' home planet Marduk and the Earth passes between Jupiter and Mars, as follows from the preserved inscriptions in the second sector of the tablet.
The third sector shows the sequence of the crew's actions during landing on the Earth. There is also a cryptic phrase: "The landing is controlled by the deity Ninya."
The fourth sector contains information on how to navigate by the stars during a flight to Earth, and then, already above its surface, lead the ship to the landing site, guided by the terrain.
According to Maurice Chatelain, the round plate is nothing more than a guide to space flights with the corresponding map-scheme attached. Here, in particular, a schedule for the implementation of the successive stages of the landing of the ship is given, the moment and place of the passage of the upper and lower layers of the atmosphere, the activation of the brake engines are indicated, the mountains and cities over which one should fly, as well as the location of the cosmodrome, where the ship must land, are indicated. All this information is accompanied by a large number of numbers containing, possibly, data on altitude and flight speed, which must be observed when performing the above steps.
It is known that the Sumerian and ancient Egyptian civilizations appeared suddenly. Both were characterized by an inexplicably vast amount of knowledge in various spheres of human life and activity (in particular, in the field of astronomy). Having studied the content of the texts on the Sumerian, Assyrian and Babylonian clay tablets, Zechariah Sitchin came to the conclusion that in the Ancient world, which covered Egypt, the Middle East and Mesopotamia, there must have been several such places where spacecraft from the planet Marduk could land. And these places, most likely, were in the territories, which in ancient legends are said to be the centers of the most ancient civilizations and on which traces of such civilizations were actually discovered.
According to cuneiform tablets, the aliens used an air corridor that passed over the basin of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for flights over the Earth. And on the surface of the Earth, this corridor was designated by a number of points that played the role of "road signs" - the crew of the landing spacecraft could orient themselves and, if necessary, correct the flight parameters. The most important of these points was undoubtedly Mount Ararat, which rises more than 5,000 meters above sea level.
If you draw a line on the map going from Ararat strictly to the south, then it intersects with the imaginary centerline of the mentioned air corridor at an angle of 45 degrees. The Sumerian city of Sippar (literally "City of the Bird") was located at the intersection of these lines. Here was the ancient cosmodrome, on which the ships of aliens from the planet Marduk landed and took off.
To the southeast of Sip-par, along the centerline of the air corridor, which ended above the swamps of the then Persian Gulf, strictly on the centerline or with small (up to 6 degrees) deviations from it, at the same distance from each other there were a number of other control points: Kish, Nippur, Shuruppak, Larsa, Ibir, Lagash, Eridu.
Central among them - both in location and in importance - were Nippur ("Place of Intersection"), where the Mission Control Center was located, and Eridu, located in the very south of the corridor and serving as the main reference point for spacecraft landing. All these points have become, in modern terms, city-forming enterprises, settlements have grown around them over time, which later turned into large cities.
For 100 years, the planet Marduk was at a fairly close distance from the Earth, and during these years the "older brothers in mind" constantly visited earthlings from space. The deciphered cuneiform texts suggest that some aliens remained forever on Earth and that the inhabitants of Marduk could land on some planets or their satellites troops from mechanical robots or biorobots.
In the Sumerian epic tale of Gilgamesh, the semi-legendary ruler of the city of Uruk in the period 2700 - 2600 BC. e., it is said about the ancient city of Baalbek, which was located on the territory of modern Lebanon. It is known, in particular, for the ruins of gigantic structures made of stone blocks processed and fitted to each other with high precision, the weight of which reaches a hundred or more tons. Who, when and why erected these megalithic structures remains a mystery to this day.
But for the authors of the aforementioned epic story, this was no mystery. They knew that the gods lived in this city: “It was the city where those who ruled lived. And the Anunnaki lived there, and they were guarded by beams that cut to death."
According to the texts of clay tablets, the Anunnaki Sumerians called "alien gods" who arrived from another planet and taught them to read and write, passed on their knowledge and skills from many areas of science and technology.
V. Pimenova