The greatest massacre in history was launched 70 years ago, funded by the US Federal Reserve and the Bank of England.
The recent resolution of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, completely equalizing the roles of the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in unleashing World War II, in addition to having a purely pragmatic goal of siphoning money from Russia for the maintenance of some bankrupt economies, is aimed at demonizing Russia as the legal successor of the USSR and preparing legal basis for depriving her of the right to oppose the revision of the results of the war. But if we are to pose the problem of responsibility for unleashing a war, then first we need to answer a key question: who ensured the Nazis' rise to power, who guided them along the path to global catastrophe? The entire pre-war history of Germany shows that controlled financial turmoil served to ensure the "necessary" political course, into which, by the way, the world has been plunged even today.
The key structures that determined the strategy of the post-war development of the West were the central financial institutions of Great Britain and the United States - the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve System (FRS) - and the financial and industrial organizations associated with them, which set the goal of establishing absolute control over the German financial system in order to manage political processes in Central Europe. In the implementation of this strategy, the following stages can be distinguished:
At the first stage, the main levers for ensuring the penetration of American capital into Europe were military debts and the closely related problem of German reparations. After the formal entry of the United States into the First World War, they provided the allies (primarily England and France) in loans worth $ 8.8 billion. The total amount of military debt, including loans provided by the United States in 1919-1921, amounted to more than 11 billion dollars. The debtor countries tried to solve their problems at the expense of Germany, imposing on her a huge amount and extremely difficult conditions for the payment of reparations. The resulting flight of German capital abroad and the refusal to pay taxes led to such a deficit in the state budget, which could only be covered by the massive production of unsecured stamps. The result was the collapse of the German currency - the “great inflation” of 1923, which amounted to 578,512%, when 4.2 trillion marks were given for one dollar. German industrialists began to openly sabotage all measures to pay reparations obligations, which ultimately provoked the well-known "Ruhr crisis" - the Franco-Belgian occupation of the Ruhr in January 1923.
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This is exactly what the Anglo-American ruling circles were waiting for, so that, having allowed France to get bogged down in the undertaken adventure and having proved its inability to solve the problem, take the initiative into their own hands. US Secretary of State Hughes said: "We must wait until Europe is ripe in order to accept the American proposal."
The new project was developed in the bowels of "J. P. Morgan & Co." at the direction of the head of the Bank of England Montague Norman. It was based on the ideas of the representative of the Dresdner Bank, Hjalmar Schacht, formulated by him back in March 1922 at the suggestion of John Foster Dulles (future Secretary of State in President Eisenhower's office), legal adviser to President Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference. Dulles gave this note to the chief confidant of J. P. Morgan & Co., after which J. P. Morgan recommended J. Schacht to M. Norman, and the latter to the Weimar rulers. In December 1923 J. Schacht will become the manager of the Reichsbank and will play an important role in bringing the Anglo-American and German financial circles closer together.
In the summer of 1924, this project, known as the "Dawes plan" (named after the chairman of the committee of experts who prepared it, an American banker, director of one of the banks of the Morgan group), was adopted at the London conference. It provided for halving the payment of reparations and resolved the question of the sources of their coverage. However, the main task was to provide favorable conditions for American investment, which was possible only with the stabilization of the Deutsche mark. To this end, the plan provided for a large loan to Germany in the amount of $ 200 million, half of which fell on the Morgan banking house. At the same time, the Anglo-American banks established control not only over the transfer of German payments, but also over the budget, the system of monetary circulation and, to a large extent, the country's credit system. By August 1924the old German mark was replaced by a new one, the financial position of Germany stabilized, and, as the researcher G. D. Preart wrote, the Weimar Republic was prepared for "the most picturesque economic aid in history, followed by the most bitter harvest in world history" - "in financial veins of Germany an uncontrollable stream of American blood gushed out.
The consequences of this were not slow to reveal themselves.
First, due to the fact that the annual payments of reparations went to cover the amount of debts paid by the allies, the so-called "absurd Weimar circle" was formed. Gold, which Germany paid in the form of war reparations, was sold, pledged and disappeared in the USA, from where it was returned to Germany in the form of "aid" according to the plan, which gave it to England and France, and they in turn paid them the US war debt. The latter, having overlaid it with interest, again sent it to Germany. As a result, everyone in Germany was living in debt, and it was clear that if Wall Street withdraws its loans, the country will suffer complete bankruptcy.
Secondly, although formally loans were issued to secure payments, it was actually about restoring the country's military-industrial potential. The fact is that the Germans paid for loans with shares of enterprises, so that American capital began to actively integrate into the German economy. The total amount of foreign investment in German industry in 1924-1929 amounted to almost 63 billion gold marks (30 billion accounted for loans), and reparations - 10 billion marks. 70% of financial receipts were provided by US bankers, mostly by J. P. Morgan banks. As a result, already in 1929 German industry came to second place in the world, but to a large extent it was in the hands of the leading American financial and industrial groups.
For example, IG Farbenindustry, the main supplier of the German military machine, which financed Hitler's election campaign for 45% in 1930, was under the control of Rockefeller's Standard Oil. The Morgan, through General Electric, controlled the German radio and electrical engineering industry represented by AEG and Siemens (by 1933, 30% of AEG's shares belonged to General Electric), through the ITT communications company, 40% of the German telephone network, in addition to them owned 30% of the shares of the aircraft company "Focke-Wulf". Opel was controlled by General Motors, which belonged to the Dupont family. Henry Ford controlled 100% of the shares of the Volkswagen concern. In 1926, with the participation of the Rockefeller bank, Dillon Reed & Co., the second largest bank emerged after I. G. Farbenindustry "industrial monopoly of Germany - metallurgical concern" Fereinigte Stahlwerke "(Steel Trust) of Thyssen, Flick, Wolf and Fegler, etc.
American cooperation with the German military-industrial complex was so intense and pervasive that by 1933 key sectors of German industry and such large banks as Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank, Donat Bank and dr.
At the same time, a political force was being prepared, which was called upon to play a decisive role in the implementation of Anglo-American plans. We are talking about financing the Nazi Party and personally A. Hitler.
As former German Chancellor Brüning wrote in his memoirs, starting in 1923 Hitler received large sums of money from abroad. Where they came from is unknown, but they came through Swiss and Swedish banks. It is also known that in 1922 in Munich A. Hitler met with the US military attaché in Germany, Captain Truman Smith, who made a detailed report about her to the Washington authorities (to the Office of Military Intelligence), in which he spoke highly of Hitler. It was through Smith that Ernst Franz Zedgwik Hanfstaengl (Putzi), a Harvard University graduate, who played an important role in the formation of A. Hitler as a politician, who provided him with significant financial support and ensured him acquaintance and connections with high-ranking British figures, was introduced to Hitler's circle of acquaintances.
Hitler was being prepared for big politics, but while prosperity reigned in Germany, his party remained on the periphery of public life. The situation changes dramatically with the onset of the crisis.
In the fall of 1929, after the collapse of the American stock exchange, provoked by the Fed, the third stage of the strategy of the Anglo-American financial circles began to be implemented.
The Fed and Morgan's banking house decide to end lending to Germany, prompting a banking crisis and economic depression in Central Europe. In September 1931, England abandoned the gold standard, deliberately destroying the international payment system and completely cutting off the financial oxygen of the Weimar Republic.
But a financial miracle happens to the NSDAP: in September 1930, as a result of large donations from Thyssen, “I. G. Farbenindustri and Kirdorf, the party receives 6.4 million votes, ranks second in the Reichstag, after which generous injections from abroad will intensify. J. Schacht becomes the main link between the largest German industrialists and foreign financiers.
On January 4, 1932, a meeting of the largest English financier M. Norman with A. Hitler and von Papen took place, at which a secret agreement was concluded on the financing of the NSDAP. The Dulles brothers, American politicians, were also present at this meeting, which their biographers do not like to mention. And on January 14, 1933, Hitler met with Schroeder, Papen and Kepler, where Hitler's program was fully approved. It was here that the issue of transferring power to the Nazis was finally resolved, and on January 30, Hitler became Reich Chancellor. Now the implementation of the fourth phase of the strategy begins.
The attitude of the Anglo-American ruling circles towards the new government became extremely sympathetic. When Hitler refused to pay reparations, which naturally called into question the payment of war debts, neither Britain nor France made any claims to him about the payments. Moreover, after the trip of the newly appointed Reichsbank J. Schacht to the United States in May 1933 and his meeting with the president and the largest bankers from Wall Street, America provided Germany with new loans totaling $ 1 billion. And in June, during trips to London and meetings with M. Norman Schacht is seeking a British loan of $ 2 billion and a reduction, and then termination of payments on old loans. Thus, the Nazis got what the previous governments could not achieve.
In the summer of 1934, Britain entered into an Anglo-German transfer agreement, which became one of the foundations of British policy towards the Third Reich, and by the end of the 30s Germany was becoming Britain's main trading partner. Schroeder Bank becomes Germany's main agent in Great Britain, and in 1936 its New York branch merges with the Rockefeller House to create the investment bank Schroeder, Rockefeller & Co., which the Times magazine called "the economic propagandist of the Berlin-Rome axis. ". As Hitler himself admitted, he conceived his four-year plan on the basis of a foreign loan, so he never inspired him with the slightest alarm.
In August 1934, the American Standard Oil acquired 730,000 acres of land in Germany and built large oil refineries that supplied the Nazis with oil. At the same time, the most modern equipment for aircraft factories was secretly delivered to Germany from the USA, on which the production of German aircraft would begin. Germany received a large number of military patents from the American firms Pratt and Whitney, Douglas, and Bendix Aviation, and the Junkers-87 was built using American technologies. By 1941, when the Second World War was raging, American investments in the German economy amounted to $ 475 million. Standard Oil invested 120 million in it, General Motors - 35 million, ITT - 30 million, and Ford - 17.5 million
The closest financial and economic cooperation between the Anglo-American and Nazi business circles was the background against which the policy of appeasing the aggressor, which led to the Second World War, was carried out in the 30s.
Today, when the world financial elite began to implement the "Great Depression - 2" plan with the subsequent transition to a "new world order", identifying its key role in organizing crimes against humanity becomes a paramount task.
Yuri Rubtsov - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Academician of the Academy of Military Sciences, member of the International Association of World War II Historians