The origin of the soul is an unpleasant question for Christianity. Until now, many confessions cannot come to a single postulate: is the soul eternal, that is, it has always been, or is it created by God directly at the time of conception or somewhat later.
England
Soul. In Hebrew, the terms נפש nefesh (literally “life, breath”), רוח ruach (literally “wind”), נשמה neshama (literally “strong breath”), חיה chhaya (literally “life”) are used to describe the soul or spirit. In modern Judaism, the soul is believed to be given by God to man of his / her first breath, as mentioned in the book of Genesis: "And the Lord God created man [from] the dust of the earth, and breathed the breath of life into his nostrils, and man became a living soul." Genesis 2: 7.
Even Rashi accepts this interpretation of a living soul: "Even animals and beasts have souls, but opinion and speech have been added to the human soul."
In English, the word soul comes from the Old English sáwol, sáwel. According to Bishop Ulfil, the apostle of the third century of the German concept, the word soul comes from the Greek ψυχή psyche “life, breath, consciousness”.
Soul. The Greek word comes from the verb "to blow" and refers to the breath of life, the principle of endowing (animating) people and animals with a soul, serves as the antonym (opposition) of the concept of "soma" meaning "body".
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Greece
Ψυχή. The word "soul" (from the verb "blow") literally means "harsh breathing." The clear sign of life in the body is breathing.
India
Jiva (Skt. जीव, jīva IAST) is a concept in the Indian religious and philosophical tradition; spiritual, living being, soul. The word "jiva" comes from the Sanskrit jivas, with the root jiva - "to breathe." It has the same Indo-European root as the Latin word vivus and the Russian word for living.
France
The original terms (in Hebrew: nefesh [נפׁש] Greek psukhê [ψυχή]) used in the Bible indicate that “soul” is a person, an animal, or the life of a person or animal. Ne'phesh comes from the root meaning to breathe. Literally, ne'phesh - "breathes."
Âme (soul) comes from the Latin word anima (animal). The concept of the soul stabilized in the word Âme in the xiii century.
Italy
In the Hebrew Bible, "The soul manifests itself in man as Neshamah, the breath of life."
In the Kabbalah and The Zohar, the soul is seen as consisting of three main elements, Nefesh (breath), Ruach (wind) and Neshamah (breath of life), in rare cases, with the addition of Haya and Yechidah.
Spain
Etymologically, the word anima was used to refer to the principle that living things were endowed with their own breath.
Japan
The prophecy says - the Wind made the Holy Spirit, which means breathing.
Yuan Taoist
In Taoist China, many factions believe that the human soul is a wind that has a special meaning, and they call it “soul”. This soul is yin and yang, and after practice people become Chunyang, you can control the soul (exhalation) from the body. They call it "OBE soul."
China
The soul is the presence of gas (water vapor) in a person. No soul - no gas, a person dies. If a person is very scared, then the Soul (gas) leaves him, and if he is not helped, he will move towards death. The same happens if a person falls heavily, then the resurrection should not be postponed.
Khemer
Psychology means the study of spirit (ψυχή, psukhē means soul or spirit or breath or λογος - word).
The "invention" of the concept of the soul (Greek ψυχή, psyche) is attributed to Socrates. In the philosophy of Socrates, the soul of the psyche meant breathing with intelligence.
The Pythagoreans believed that the whole universe is the soul, which is harmony, its essence has ideal proportions and mathematically based music of the spheres.
Many Greeks, like the Egyptians, do not believe in the immateriality of the soul. The Epicureans believed that the soul was made of atoms. The Stoics said that the soul is breath that penetrates the body, and all matter is created from a subtle etheric substance.
The secret of the meaning of the Arabic word, which means spirit or soul, lies in the fact that, as they assure, there is a soul on both inhalation and exhalation. The soul is the wind that is always there.
1. Shiva (India): Damru (drum) was first created by Shiva to produce spiritual sounds (to chant the mantra correctly to the rhythm of the damru). By sound (Shiva's mantra) this whole world was created and regulated. (Is history repeating itself? - "In the beginning was the Word-Logos!")
2. Allah (Quran): "If alignment and breathed into it from My spirit Vqawa bowing to him."
3. Christ (Bible): "And the Lord God created man [from] the dust of the earth, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul."
4. Horus (Egypt): “May they send life and prosperity to your nostrils (note. Nostrils are like an organ of respiration, and therefore life.), May they endow you with their gifts [and] give you strength without boundaries, infinite power without limit ".
Egyptian gods, touching the Ankh to the mouth - Gave Life. And life is air, breathing!
To give air was synonymous with giving life, letting live. "His mouth lives," for example, means "he is alive." Giving "life" (ankh) to the lips, the gods gave air / breath / voice, i.e. gave life. The Egyptian Dictionary of the British Museum reports that kings were depicted in temples receiving "life" from the gods and, in principle, I see that the king should be alive at that moment. Accordingly, “Breathing” to a living king or priest is an act of initiation that emphasizes the great importance of the Voice abilities and a way to enhance them.
In the cosmic dance, Shiva, by the power of his Voice (sound), creates the universe, knocking out the rhythm of the correct mantra (prayer, song) on the dammaru. In the Vedas, Shiva is the guarantor of the cosmic order. He was considered the king of the nagas. As a lunar deity, he is also the keeper of souls (breath). Most of his actions, Shiva does by the power of his Breath (voice, sound). This also applies to the transformation of material objects.
Jiva (Skt. जीव, jīva IAST) is a concept in the Indian religious and philosophical tradition; spiritual, living being, soul. The word "jiva" comes from the Sanskrit jivas, with the root jiva - "to breathe." It has the same Indo-European root as the Latin word vivus and the Russian word for living.
Nigoda is also the form that the jiva (soul) takes in a state of complete undevelopment. The Jain scriptures describe Nigoda as microscopic entities living in large groups and having a very short life, and this entity is believed to permeate every corner of the universe. (If the jiva is a sound wave, is the jiva's short life a fading wave?)
Paramatma in the philosophy of Hinduism is the Supreme Spiritual Essence, the Supreme Spirit. (Holy Spirit?) Paramatma is the fundamental principle of all things and phenomena, it is all-pervading.
The word "paramatma" in the monotheistic currents of Hinduism usually refers to the boundless, disembodied, all-pervading and omnipresent breath of God and is used in this context along with such epithetical terms as Bhagavan.
In the Rig Veda and the Mundaka Upanishad, jiva and Paramatma are compared to two birds sitting on the same tree. The Jiva is busy eating the fruits (karma) of the tree, while Paramatma only watches his friend, witnessing his activities. (Egyptian soul birds Ba and Ka?)
Atman ("self, spirit", higher "I") is one of the central concepts of Indian philosophy and religion of Hinduism: an eternal, unchanging spiritual essence.
According to the Upanishads, the individual Atman and the higher Atman are distinguished. So your sound Om is your Atman. Whoever knows this, penetrates [with his] Atman into the [higher] Atman. (Is Atman a Sound?) He is "the one due to which one can hear, due to which one smells smells, due to which one speaks."
Absolute Atman (Supreme Atman, universe? Music of the spheres?) - "Just as all spokes are enclosed between the hub of the wheel and the rim of the wheel, so all beings, all gods, all worlds, all breaths, all Atmans are contained in this Atman."
Atman is called the world of all beings, it consists of speech, mind and breath, while “speech is this world, mind is air space, breath is that world; mind is father, speech is mother, breath is offspring. Life forces, worlds, gods and all beings emerge from the Atman like a spider's web, or a spark from a flame.
Father - mind - air space, mother - speech - peace, breath - offspring.
Further, dear reader, I did not begin to understand. Because further in Buddhism went the standard situation - the imposition of essences on essences and breaking them into fractions, and for the most part, and just flooding. Further, Buddhists try to philosophize: Is the breath one or everyone's own, does it belong to God or is everyone his own god? Let's say Petya's breathing is equal to Masha's breathing? Is the breath of an enlightened one greater than the breath of a young adept? In the process of learning, does breathing become stronger or does it just move to a new level? Is correct breathing an innate quality or is it in every person? Does breath convey life or does it just create conditions for formation? Is breathing cause or effect?
Example: "The breath of the past or the future is like the death of the son of a barren woman, and only breath now is life." (Oh, how bent.)
Total:
Imagine a bushman or a friendly humanoid visiting you, let's say from Alpha Centauri. And he asks you: What is this? You tell him: The picture is hanging on the wall. He: How did she get there? You tell him: I hung it there myself, took a hammer, drove a nail and hung it up. He: God, how interesting. What is a hammer? And then you realize that, as luck would have it, you don't have a single hammer at hand. And we must explain in words. How to tell about a hammer, so that he understands all the versatility of this instrument. Where do you start?
- Why do you need a hammer, what things can they do.
- Technical characteristics of the hammer.
- Hammer instruction manual.
- Safety precautions when working with a hammer.
- Where is the hammer stored.
- What is more important is the handle or the firing pin.
- Is it a hammer - a hammer, a mallet, a sledgehammer …
- Is there a point in a hammer if there are no nails. (Start talking about nails?)
Okay, now imagine how you will try to tell the same representative of a friendly something about a microscope, about a wobbler, about the value of clearance under the condition of bald rubber, about a toothbrush.
That was probably the same with the SOUL. The narrator probably did not have it with him and had to get out and explain it in words. But if the listeners were absent-minded, if the story was tiresomely long …
Returning to their homes, the walkers, of course, tried to retell what they had heard, but understandably, in their own words. And the gaps in memory were filled with their interpretations …
PS
It seems to me that the most important thing was at the beginning.
And in the beginning there was the Word and God breathed into man a part of his Breath, a part of his Soul.
The word Soul was originally formed from the word Breath. And she was - the Voice, the Word, the Sound.
There are two approaches to success:
1. Listen and observe a successful person and do as he does.
2. Listen and watch the loser and do the opposite.
Is the church in the form in which it is now advancing civilization or hindering its development?
The site "100 great people who changed the world" (100grp.ru) presents the most prominent figures of civilization - from ancient philosophers to modern politicians and scientists. Here is a far from complete list of the opinions of these great people about modern religion.
In 1616, under Pope Paul V, the Catholic Church officially banned the adherence and defense of Copernicus's theory as a heliocentric system of the world, since such an interpretation is contrary to Scripture.
Isaac Newton's views were close to heretical pantheism. He studied the Hebrew language, studied the Bible according to a scientific method, using astronomical calculations related to solar eclipses, linguistic analysis, etc. to substantiate his point of view.
Henry Ford wrote: "For too many phenomena, religion does not provide an explanation."
Charles Darwin came from a non-conformist Unitarian background. Although some members of his family openly denied traditional religious beliefs, he himself did not initially question the literal truth of the Bible. But his faith gradually weakened, and over time, Darwin finally lost all faith in Christianity.
Friedrich Nietzsche: "It is quite surprising that the association of lust, religion and cruelty has not paid attention to people for a long time to their close affinity and general tendency." "The strained and unnatural pneumatic interpretation of the Bible retarded the circulation of scientific research in the past - and still retards it today."
There are many people who have not even heard about Christianity: Democritus, Hippocrates, Socrates, Herodotus, Pythagoras, Archimedes, Euclid, Aristotle, Plato … But this did not negatively affect their scientific activities. And what scientific discoveries were born in the bosom of the church? And which of them did the church promote for the benefit of the people? Besides the promises of a "bright future" and the destruction of ancient knowledge, what can she be proud of?
Albert Einstein, through reading popular science books and through his mental reasoning, came to the conviction that much of what is stated in the Bible cannot be true, and the state is deliberately engaged in deceiving the younger generation.
Most of the scientists who contributed to the development of civilization were declared heretics by the church and persecuted. Did it help the flourishing of scientific and technological progress or slowed it down? Are the actions of church leaders stimulating or hindering the development of mechanical engineering, the Internet, and astronautics? But the life of every person, of all social groups depends on the dynamics of these areas.
Therefore, read ancient manuscripts, comprehend the "forgotten" Knowledge. Promote this Knowledge into science. Unite, create a philosophy of new views, lay the platform for modern and future civilization. And if this will result in the triumph of Russia, then why not. Russians have historically had a positive experience of consolidating different peoples.
Dolzhenko S. N.