American historian, professor at Stanford University Anthony SATTON in his book "Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution" proved that the Bolsheviks came to power with the money of several of the largest American banks. Why did the "sharks of capitalism" need such investments? What did you try for?
To begin with, we need to remember who on our side controlled the financial flows of the revolution. Historians unanimously name Stalin's name. Therefore, it was he, and not Lenin, who was the driving force behind the coup.
A member of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia, Grigory Uratadze, who was sitting with Joseph Dzhugashvili in the same cell, in his book "Memoirs of a Georgian Social-Democrat" states that he "was the main financier of the Russian Bolshevik center."
- Stalin was engaged in organizational and technical activities and finances, - says biographer of Joseph Vissarionovich, Doctor of Historical Sciences Alexander Ostrovsky. - Soviet schoolchildren were told a romantic version of how Stalin robbed banks and capitalists. This was not quite the case. In 1901-1907 he provided invaluable assistance to John Rockefeller Sr., owner of the Standard Oil Company, which produced oil in the United States.
Koba
At that time, the main competitors of Standard Oil were oil companies controlled by the Anglo-French Rothschild dynasty, which monopolistically exported oil from Baku. It was vital for the Rockefellers to reduce or stop shipping oil from Russia altogether. And then Baku unexpectedly became a "hotbed of revolution in the Caspian". Stalin organized one strike after another at enterprises owned by the Rothschilds and other oil producers. As a result of his activities, two-thirds of the oil rigs were destroyed, and exports fell to zero. But Standard Oil, taking advantage of the unrest in Russia, successfully returned the markets for American kerosene, which had already been lost in the fight against Russian oil.
Links with the Bolshevik underground came in handy for the Rockefellers when their personal interests in Russia coincided with the state interests of the United States. Wall Street bigwigs were eager to make the dollar the world's main currency. It is now the Federal Reserve System (FRS) that issues unsecured green bills, and buys anything with them anywhere in the world. But it was not always so. At the beginning of the 20th century, the dollar had almost no circulation outside the country. The world currencies were the British pound sterling and the French franc. The American bankers were faced with the task of discrediting them.
… smashed the Baku oil fields of the Rothschilds on the instructions of the ROCKEFELLERS
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And what do we see? In 1913, the Federal Reserve System was created, and in 1914 World War I broke out in Europe. Germany committed aggression against France, Great Britain and their allies, which included Russia.
Germany in this case acted in the interests of Washington. Little attention is usually paid to this, but in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the financial systems of the United States and Germany were very closely interconnected. For example, the large American banks Kuhn, Loeb & Co, Goldman Sachs, and Lehman Brothers were founded and run by immigrants from Germany.
The initiator of the creation and vice-chairman of the FRS was the German emigrant Paul Warburg. At the same time, his brother Max Warburg headed the largest German bank M. M. Warburg & Co. " In addition, Max was an advisor to Emperor Wilhelm II, and it is known that it was he who persuaded him to war.
The operation did not go very well. American bankers did not take into account that Great Britain and France significantly surpassed Germany in the amount of resources that were drawn from the colonies. By that time, these colonies were literally a bone across the American throat. For the United States, prohibitive trade barriers were established there. Moreover, it was impossible to trade with them for dollars. Therefore, it was necessary to urgently begin the struggle for the freedom of the oppressed peoples. It is desirable by someone else's hands. At that time, the United States did not dare to declare itself the only sowers of the "correct" democracy.
Banker William THOMPSON was the shadow leader of both the February and October revolutions
Bank approved loan for coup
They decided to involve Russia in solving the problem. It was there that revolutionary ferment, fueled by all the participants in the war, was going on. The Americans only needed to lead the process, bring their people to power, and then use the resulting resource to destroy the slave colonial system.
The Bolsheviks immediately have several additional financial channels. Yakov Sverdlov is preparing a revolution in Russia, and his brother Benjamin goes to the United States and somehow very quickly creates his own bank there. Leon Trotsky is a revolutionary in exile, and his uncle Abram Zhivotovsky turns into a successful banker with international connections in his homeland. Vyacheslav Menzhinsky is a Bolshevik and future People's Commissar of Finance of the RSFSR, his brother Alexander is a major financier associated with the United States. He arranges for his revolutionary brother Slava, who is hiding abroad from the tsarist secret police, to the international branch of the Lyon Credit Bank.
There is still talk that Lenin made the revolution with German money. But no one thought, where did Germany, which was waging a difficult war, have excess gold to sponsor the Bolsheviks. She occupied them in the United States, which received insane profits from supplies to the belligerent states. The German banker Max Warburg took them from the brothers Paul and Felix, who controlled the Kuhn, Loeb & Co bank.
The American bankers had their own people in the tsarist government. For example, Minister of Finance Petr Bark. With his lobbying on January 2, 1917, the first branch of the American National City Bank was opened in Petrograd. His first client was Mikhail Tereshchenko, a 30-year-old Kiev sugar refinery, who received a loan of $ 100,000 (at the current rate of $ 5 million). Tereshchenko immediately spent this money on the February Revolution, after which he became Minister of Finance and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Government.
The new government immediately announced amnesty to all political emigrants. Leon Trotsky returns from New York to Russia on the Christiania steamer. On the way, in the port of the Canadian city of Halifax, he was detained at customs. Trotsky was found to have $ 10 thousand (at the current exchange rate - $ 500 thousand). Canadian police have never seen so much cash. However, they failed to understand this story. Trotsky was asked to be released by people from the administration of President Woodrow Wilson.
Boris REINSTEIN oversaw the Soviet government on behalf of and on behalf of the United States. It is believed that it was at his request that during the purges of 1937 investigators did not force those arrested to recognize themselves as American spies.
Kerensky received $ 2 million
To understand the importance of what was happening in Russia for the United States, let us note the following fact: from July 26 to December 4, 1917, one of the most important people in the Federal Reserve, a business partner of John Rockefeller, Director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, William Thompson, was in Petrograd. He went to Russia, already having all the appearances and passwords to meet with John's old friend, Comrade Stalin.
With his arrival, great personnel changes began in the Bolshevik Party. While Lenin was wandering overseas, Stalin and Trotsky took the lead. Both on the same day entered the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b), and then became members of the Military Revolutionary Center.
Professor Anthony Sutton gives specific information that William Thompson transferred $ 1 million to the Bolsheviks, and $ 2 million to Alexander Kerensky. It should be borne in mind that one million of those dollars is about 50 million of modern ones.
Having received the money, Alexander Fedorovich did everything in his power to lose power. The historian believes that Lenin and Kerensky actually played on the same team, because their fathers were considered best friends. Kerensky's father was the director of the gymnasium where young Volodya Ulyanov studied, and even illegally gave him a gold medal at the end of the course, although he had a four in his certificate. It is quite obvious that without Kerensky's preparatory activities to weaken Russian state structures, no October Revolution would be possible in principle. And so during the storming of the Winter Palace, only six people died. Power itself fell into the hands of the Bolsheviks.
They took out almost all the gold
The hour of reckoning came after the Civil War. As part of the New Economic Policy, Leon Trotsky gave American companies the right to unlimited exploitation of raw materials deposits in the Caucasus. And during the 10 years of the existence of the NEP, the Americans annually exported up to 90 percent of all extracted minerals.
But Wall Street earned the main money in the usual way. At the suggestion of Leon Trotsky, the international branch of the State Bank of the USSR included such American banks as Kuhn, Loeb & Co, Guaranty Trust, Chase National and others who had previously appeared on the financing of the October coup. On behalf of the State Bank, they supervised all foreign monetary operations of the Soviet government.
The currency for the export of raw materials went to the State Bank of the USSR, which in turn transferred money to deposit accounts in the United States in the same banks whose firms exported this raw material. Thus, the exploitation of raw materials in Russia cost nothing to Wall Street dealers, but the profit was such that until now the leading American banks refuse to provide data on their incomes dating back to the 1920s and early 1930s.
Estonia and Latvia have become customs "windows" through which gold poured abroad. It was exported in tons under the brand of a fictitious "locomotive order".
Heading for a short time the People's Commissariat of Railways, Leon Trotsky concluded an agreement with the Swedish company Nyudqvist and Holm for the purchase of 1,000 steam locomotives for 200 million gold rubles. Having received the money, which is about a quarter of the country's gold reserves, the Swedes shipped us only 36 steam locomotives. The Soviet magazine The Economist wrote about the strangeness of the "locomotive business" in 1922. The article expressed bewilderment about such a strange way of managing. After reading the article, Lenin asked Felix Dzerzhinsky to cover up the magazine.
This Soviet caricature of French colonialism was happily printed in Washington newspapers
For such financial transactions with foreign circles, Roskombank was created in 1922, later transformed into Vnesheconombank. It was headed by the business partner of Trotsky's uncle, the banker Abram Zhivotovsky, the Swedish banker Olof Aschberg. In his free time from pumping Soviet gold, he was engaged in the collection of Russian icons, the collection of which was subsequently taken out of the Soviet Union with the special permission of Anatoly Lunacharsky.
The famous friend of the Soviet government, American businessman Armand Hammer, also took out antiques, paintings, sculptures from the Leningrad Hermitage in boxes. In particular, he bought Faberge eggs at bargain prices and resold them in the West.
While not officially maintaining diplomatic relations with the young Bolshevik Russia, the sponsors of the revolution communicated with the country's leadership through contacts. According to Anthony Sutton, together with William Thompson in 1917, Boris Reinstein, an emigrant who lived in the United States for 32 years, returned to Petrograd. He was Thompson's translator, and when he left, he immediately took the place of Lenin's personal secretary and head of the Bureau of International Revolutionary Propaganda. Apparently, he was left as a contact.
Later, Reinstein transferred to the Comintern apparatus, which gave him the opportunity to travel abroad without hindrance. However, he will travel to the United States only once in June 1922. The matter of particular importance required his direct presence in the "headquarters". After receiving detailed instructions, he returns and supervises the "Commission for the preparation of a project to improve federal relations between the RSFSR and other fraternal republics", that is, the process of preparing for the creation of the USSR.
As a result, a union of national republics artificially created by the Bolsheviks was built on the site of the united Russian Empire. Moreover, all Soviet Constitutions, from the first to the last, allowed the union republics to freely secede from the USSR, thereby legalizing the possibility of the collapse of the Soviet Union. The American was planted a bomb, which was supposed to detonate after the created state coped with the task of destabilizing the European regimes, to lower the ratings of the franc and pound sterling, and also achieve the independence of the colonies from the metropolises.
For a long time, the struggle against European colonialism was generally the only point of contact between Soviet and American diplomacy. On this issue, we expressed a common point of view even at the height of the Cold War.
Samokhin Maxim