If a traveler, accidentally driving past a black hole, suddenly decides to jump into it, then theoretically such a suicide attempt may be unsuccessful - he still has a chance to survive and change his mind. Theoretical physicist Vyacheslav Dokuchaev from the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences literally blew up the scientific press all over the world with his message that life can lurk in black holes …
Actually, why not? A black hole is not a star, not a planet, but a singularity, a microscopic formation on a Planck scale (10–23 m), before the size of which atoms are simply astronomical giants. In a word, a plank-speck of dust, which has concentrated in itself a monstrous mass of hundreds or even millions of solar masses and surrounded by the purest vacuum. Its so-called event horizon is nothing more than an imaginary sphere, beyond which, according to the laws of relativistic dynamics, even light cannot escape. And within this sphere with space and time, according to our scientists, all sorts of miracles are happening.
In particular, some black holes have stable orbits for photons and neutral particles. A photon, flying past a star, is slightly deflected to the side under the influence of its gravitation, and once it gets into the gravitational trap of a black hole, it can generally spin around it in an orbit like our satellites. Theorists already knew that, moving along such orbits, a photon can fly over the event horizon, or maybe climb under it for a while. True, in the latter case, getting out back, he will already find himself in another universe.
Dokuchaev asked the question - is it possible to be inside a black hole without falling on a singularity and without flying away to another universe? In other words, are there such orbits for photons and other particles that are completely inside the black hole? And he found such orbits.
“In fact, I didn’t say anything fundamentally new,” Dokuchaev said in an interview with an NG observer. "I just detailed what was known before and showed that such orbits can only be in rotating black holes."
According to his calculations, if a black hole rotates and if it is not just a black hole, but a supermassive one that has gained more than a million solar masses, like the one in the center of our Galaxy (4 million solar masses), then inside it for photons and for neutral particles can have stable periodic orbits. For photons, these are roughly circular orbits. For neutral particles, and therefore for planets like the Earth, the orbits look more porous and resemble a rotating rose. According to Dokuchaev, these orbits are not closed, which, in fact, is not surprising - the Earth's orbit, for example, is also not closed.
And most importantly, Dokuchaev asserts that life can exist on planets moving along such internal orbits. The inhabitants of such planets will not feel the transcendental gravity reigning inside black holes, since they will actually be in a state of free fall. All miracles associated with space-time will exist only for a hypothetical outside observer, but not for themselves. Their planet will revolve around the singularity, like the Earth around the Sun, and there will never be night on it, since in addition to the light coming from the singularity, it will be illuminated by photons moving in their stable orbits.
Dokuchaev does not say that life can be born in a black hole under such conditions - the light from the singularity and photons will probably be intolerable for such a vulnerable process. He claims that an already developed civilization can find refuge inside a black hole.
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“These civilizations,” he says, “should overtake us by millions, if not billions of years in terms of development. If suddenly, for some reason, they want to hide in a black hole, they can settle on an already existing planet, or they can stay in their own "Dyson sphere". Such spheres were suggested by the famous American physicist Freeman Dyson many years ago as a vehicle for interstellar travel. In size, these spheres can be comparable to planets, and tens and hundreds of thousands of people can live inside them, generation after generation, until they reach the goal. And they, with their level of development, will be able to cope with the burning light inside the black hole."
Life in a black hole! Truly physicists can think of things that our science fiction writers never dreamed of. True, Dokuchaev emphasizes that his work does not even smell of fantasy, that all his calculations are based on well-established physical laws. Be that as it may, but at least one rational grain is present here. If someday mankind gets into the head to look for an ultra-highly developed civilization, then we already know its most probable address: the Center of the Galaxy, the Black Hole, the Planet not far from the singularity.