On our planet, at least, there are up to ten mysterious geoglyphs. These are figured drawings or geometric designs drawn or traced on the ground, in the ground. Some are so large that they can only be seen from the air. Here are the most famous: the lines in the Nazca desert in Peru, the Murray man in Australia, the Uffington white horse in the English county of Oxfordshire, the Andean candelabrum on the northern side of the Paracas peninsula in Peru, anthropomorphic geoglyphs near the Californian city of Blythe in the Colorado desert. A drawing depicting a deer or elk on the slopes of the Zyuratkul mountain range in the Chelyabinsk region may be the oldest of all. The stone tools scattered around the drawing date from the Neolithic or Chalcolithic period and date back to between 4000 and 2000 BC.
The pyramids are the most talked about mystery, and not only among archaeologists and Egyptologists. The three great pyramids in Giza continue to excite the consciousness of millions of inhabitants and shake the streams of world news agencies with sensational statements or discoveries. For a long time, few people believe that they served as the resting place of the pharaohs. For what, when and by whom were they made? What hidden cameras hide, where modern researchers are not allowed.
In the Egyptian Valley of the Kings, there may be sarcophagi and untouched burials of ancient Egyptian rulers. These findings may be tantamount to Carter's discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun - one of the most significant discoveries in archeology. There seems to be no obstacle on the part of the current Egyptian authorities, but the vast territory, lack of funds, disastrous momentary political situation and other reasons hinder excavations.
The Dead Sea Scrolls, discovered since 1947 in the Qumran caves, as well as in a number of other caves in the Judean Desert and in Masada. By the place of their discovery and since some of them were written in the Qumran community, they are also called Qumran manuscripts. These manuscripts greatly expanded modern knowledge of the text of the Old Testament of the Second Temple period. Allowed to better understand many details of the text of the Old Testament. It is unknown how much of the Dead Sea Scrolls are held by antiquities dealers. The manuscripts are gradually falling into disrepair and are inaccessible to researchers.
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In the 1st century AD in Egypt, a mask was applied to the head of a mummy. The noble deceased received death masks from papyrus or flax. In order to save money, some papyrus masks were made from papyrus sheets previously used for writing, which were then covered with a layer of glue and painted. Examination of one of these masks revealed a tiny fragment of papyrus identified as the text of the Gospel of Mark. This fragment of the Gospel of Mark, which dates from the 80s (or 90 at the latest), is an additional confirmation of the church tradition of dating the second Gospel.
Almost without exception, modern researchers have no doubt that the Vikings were the first Europeans to sail to America. In addition, DNA analysis showed that during the Viking Age there was also the first physical contact between sea robbers and the indigenous people of North America. The son of Eric the Red, Leif Erickson, is called the first of the Vikings to set foot on the shores of the New World. About 1000 he visited Helluland ("boulder country" - now Baffin's Land), Markland ("forest country" - Labrador Peninsula), Vinland ("wine country", possibly New England or Newfoundland). According to another hypothesis, the aborigines of America were the first to discover Europe. The Vinland Map is the name given to a world map of unknown origin. The oldest map depicting America as the large island of Vinland, west of Greenland.
Some historians identify the Philistines with the Pelasgians, who, according to one version, were the Indo-European people. Other scholars are supporters of the version of the origin of the Philistines from the island of Crete. On one of the Egyptian reliefs of the time of Ramses III, captive warriors of the "peoples of the sea" are depicted in headdresses decorated with feathers, which were worn by the ancient Cretans. According to the Old Testament, the Philistines were descendants of Kaslukhim, the son of Mizraim, the son of Ham. The most famous Philistines were the giant Goliath, killed by David's sling, and Delilah, who deprived the hero of Samson's strength.
In the ancient Egyptian papyri of the XIV-XII centuries. BC e. the term appeared, which denoted the unknown northern peoples who lived across the Mediterranean. The translation of the Egyptian term as "Sea Peoples" was first proposed in 1881 by the French Egyptologist Gaston Maspero. Until now, neither the ethnicity of the so-called "peoples of the sea" has been reliably established, nor exactly where they came from.