Research carried out by scientists in the 20th century revealed that the peoples of Peru, before their conquest by the Spaniards in the 16th century, had great knowledge in the field of culture, astronomy, architecture, construction, medicine, agriculture and in other areas of life that differed from European … A number of ancient cultural centers have been identified on the territory of Peru. Historians and archaeologists have found several mysterious abandoned cities high in the mountains, about four districts with mysterious drawings visible only from the air, pyramids, etc.
In this article, we will only touch on the surroundings of the ancient capital of the Inca empire - the city of Cuzco. In the north-west of this city there is an amazing structure of an ancient fortress in the Sacsayhuaman region, which the Spaniards were unable to destroy to the end. It was built from giant stones, the weight of which reached 150 tons, with a volume of 60 cubic meters. meters and a three-storey building height. The technology and device for delivering individual stones to a hill tens of kilometers from Cuzco remains a mystery to scientists. There is reason to assert that gigantic stones could have been molded in the same way as concrete blocks are now cast using cement powder and other components. There are huge menhirs, dolmens and other structures located in the territories from France to the Caucasus, Altai and India,which were made by casting a stone with blue and blue hues.
Here, above the gates of the fortress, there is a mysterious cubic stone, which, when struck by a pebble, emits a bell ringing, carrying it into space. Our research has revealed that the mysterious sound of the stone lies in its unusual manufacture by talented craftsmen of the past. They made a bell-shaped vase from a silver-containing rock and inserted inside a cubic container from above. The cavity of the vase was covered from above with sound-absorbing material. It is possible that a cubic shape of a stone was formed around the bell vase by casting into a mold (formwork), just as it is now done from a viscous solution of concrete. The original solution can be used in different ways by contemporary Russian craftsmen.
In addition, on the territory of the fortress there are mysterious underground labyrinth tunnels, which are connected by passages with similar labyrinths located on the opposite side of the Tulumayo River. The famous historian Garcilaso de la Vega, who was there as a child, mentions the labyrinths in his memoirs. During the time of the Incas, long multicolored threads were used to pass through these labyrinths. Now archaeologists are looking for places of entrances to these dungeons. Around Cusco, there are mysterious stones depicting pumas, monkeys, birds, snakes, etc. In the Cuzco region, there are gigantic hills - pyramids with tombs of ancient rulers. These structures are covered with centuries-old layers of earth, clearing which you can find many interesting things in the stone. The undergrounds of the city of Cusco are connected with a huge network of other tunnels that store a script related to Sanskrit.
120 km north-west of Cusco, at an altitude of 2400-2560 m, there are the ruins of an ancient stone city in the area of Machu Picchu mountain. The city is separated from the rest of the world by cliffs about 700 m high, on the edge of a deep abyss, the base of which is washed by the Urubamba River. The name "Machu Picchu" in Quechua means Old Mountain. Nearby is another Huayna Picchu mountain - Young Mountain, sometimes called the Watchtower. Here is the main part of the historical city, which occupies an area of 7 square meters. km. This is a whole complex of 25 objects. The ruins of the city are called Machu Picchu. However, according to the testimony of the first Spanish settlers, this city was previously called differently. Baltasar Ocampo called it “Pitkos”, and the monks who visited its surroundings called it Vilcobamba Vieja, Vitkos, Vitikos. It is known that there are the ruins of the Temple of the Sun,buildings of services, houses of maidens of virgins - eskohidas. There is also a sacred square, a temple of three windows, aqueducts pierced in stone, more than a hundred stairs and many other objects. Many buildings were built of marble.
The greatest interest of visitors is attracted by the stone of the Sun - "Intihuatana", which served the Incas as a sundial. The Incas kept track of time by the shadow cast by the ledge on the granite stone. With the help of the Intihuatan, they determined the time of day, year, on which seasonal agricultural work, the beginning of military and other events depended. American experts have been interested in the work of this watch for a long time. The secret of the clock has not been fully solved. On the end face of another stone, there is a depression depicting a cougar's face.
The ruins of this city, located in the center of the Peruvian Andes, were first reported to the world by the American archaeologist and historian Iram Bingham, having learned about them from a local resident of Melchor Arteaga. Historians, archaeologists, astronomers and scientists of other professions have been working for a long time to solve the history and purpose of the once existed city. Every year hundreds of thousands of people come here from all sides to see the unique ruins of a high-mountainous city that claims to be called the "eighth wonder of the world."
Researchers from Moscow also took part in solving these secrets. We found a large image of a local animal llama on one of the rocks. This image is clearly visible in photographs. It was put on a rock in the III century. n. e. (see photo and fig. 1).
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In the upper lateral part of the neighboring mountain, facing the ruins of the city, horizontal stripes with vertical and other lines are visible, which resemble the ancient ornament of the Indians. It is known that the Incas had until the end unsolved ornamental writing, consisting of rectangles, squares and stepped lines. They are found in Peru on some wooden and clay cups of the Indians - keros. This ornament is captured in the painting of the Temple of the Company del Cusco on the wedding dress of Princess Beatrice. Scientist Victoria de la Jara is solving such a letter.
Studies using an intrageoscope show that there is a large hollow chamber inside Huayna Picchu, from which underground passages run up and down. At the base of the mountain there was an entrance leading to a cave in the center of the mountain. The entrance is still walled up. Presumably, this cave may contain historical materials of antiquity. The mountain itself has a strong energy. At one time there was an observation hole above the cave, which gave the name to this mountain "Observation Tower". In addition, from the side of the city on Huayna Picchu at a certain angle of illumination, the figure of a man can be seen almost to the entire height of the mountain (see photo and Fig. 2). This figure looks clearer than the figure at Saydozero on the Kola Peninsula.
There is reason to believe that there are ancient underground tunnels under the city, which may contain ancient historical materials, including written ones, that can answer many questions of researchers. An approximate plan of these dungeons inside the stone massif can be seen in Fig. 3. The entrances are walled up. Modern technologies make it possible to determine the location of the brickwork.
The beginning of the construction of a structure on this site dates back to about 1600 BC, when other highly developed states and cultures of Egypt, Crete, Greece, China existed. There were different states at different times, replacing each other. This city was abandoned at the end of the 1st millennium of the new era.