During the arrangement of the site for nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, on August 12, 1953, I had to survive the explosion of the world's first hydrogen bomb with a capacity of 400 kilotons, the explosion occurred suddenly. The earth swayed beneath us like water. The wave of the earth's surface passed and lifted us to a height of more than a meter. And we were at a distance of about 30 kilometers from the epicenter of the explosion. A flurry of air waves threw us to the ground. I rolled it for a few meters like wood chips. There was a wild roar. Lightning flashed dazzlingly. They inspired animal horror.
When we, the observers of this nightmare, rose, a nuclear mushroom hung above us. Warmth emanated from him and a crackling sound was heard. I looked fascinated at the leg of a giant mushroom. Suddenly, an airplane flew up to him and began to make monstrous turns. I thought it was the hero pilot who was taking samples of radioactive air. Then the plane dived into the mushroom leg and disappeared … It was amazing and scary.
There were really planes, tanks and other equipment on the field. But later inquiries showed that no aircraft took air samples from the nuclear mushroom. Was it a hallucination? The riddle was solved later. I realized that it was a gigantic chimney effect. After the explosion, there were no planes or tanks on the field. But experts believed that they had evaporated from the heat. I believe that they were simply sucked in by the fire mushroom. My observations and impressions were confirmed by other evidence.
On November 22, 1955, an even more powerful explosion was made. The charge of the hydrogen bomb was 600 kilotons. We prepared a site for this new explosion 2.5 kilometers from the epicenter of the previous nuclear explosion. The melted radioactive crust of the earth was buried right there in trenches dug by bulldozers; prepared a new batch of technology, which was to burn up in the flame of a hydrogen bomb. The head of the construction of the Semipalatinsk test site was R. E. Ruzanov. He left an eloquent description of this second explosion.
Inhabitants of the "Bereg" (dwelling town of testers), now the city of Kurchatov, were roused at 5 am. The frost was -15 ° C. Everyone was taken to the stadium. The windows and doors in the houses were left open.
At the appointed hour, a gigantic plane appeared, accompanied by fighters.
The explosion flared up unexpectedly and terribly. She was brighter than the sun. The sun went dark. It disappeared. The clouds are gone. The sky turned black and blue. There was a shock of terrible force. He went to the stadium with testers. The stadium was 60 kilometers from the epicenter. Despite this, the air wave threw people to the ground and threw them tens of meters to the stands. Thousands of people were tumbled down. There was a wild cry from these crowds. Women and children shouted. The entire stadium was filled with groans of trauma and pain that instantly startled people. The stadium with testers and residents of the town was drowned in dust. The city was also not visible from the dust. The horizon, where the landfill had been, boiled in clouds of flame. The leg of the atomic mushroom also seemed to be boiling. She moved. It seemed that he was about to come to the stadium and cover us all with a boiling cloud. It was clearly visiblehow tanks, airplanes, parts of destroyed structures specially built on the field of the landfill began to be drawn into the cloud from the ground and disappeared in it. My head was drilled with the thought: we will be drawn into this cloud! Numbness and terror seized everyone.
Suddenly, the leg of the nuclear mushroom broke away from the boiling cloud above. The cloud rose higher, and the leg sank to the ground. Only then did people come to their senses. Everyone rushed to their homes. There were no windows and doors, roofs, belongings in them. Everything was scattered around. The victims during the tests were hastily collected and sent to the hospital …
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A week later, the officers who came from the Semipalatinsk test site whispered about this monstrous sight. About the suffering people endured. About tanks flying in the air. Comparing these stories with my observations, I realized that I was witnessing a phenomenon that can be called the chimney effect. Only on a gigantic scale.
During the hydrogen explosion, huge heat masses were torn off the surface of the earth and moved towards the center of the mushroom. This effect arose due to the monstrous temperatures that a nuclear explosion gave. In the initial stage of the explosion, the temperature was 30 thousand degrees Celsius. In the stem of the nuclear mushroom, it was at least 8 thousand. A huge, monstrous suction force arose, drawing into the epicenter of the explosion any objects standing on the range. Therefore, the plane that I saw in the first nuclear explosion was not a hallucination. He was simply drawn into the mushroom leg, and he made incredible turns there …
The process that I observed in the explosion of a hydrogen bomb is very dangerous. Not only with its high temperature, but also with the effect of suction of gigantic masses, which I understood, whether it be the air or water shell of the Earth.
My 1962 calculation showed that if a mushroom cloud penetrates the atmosphere to a great height, it could cause a planetary catastrophe. When the mushroom rises to a height of 30 kilometers, the process of sucking the water-air masses of the Earth into space will begin. The vacuum will start to work like a pump. The earth will lose its air and water envelopes along with the biosphere. Humanity will perish.
I calculated that for this apocalyptic process, an atomic bomb of only 2 thousand kilotons is enough, that is, only three times the power of the second hydrogen explosion. This is the simplest man-made scenario for the death of humanity.
At one time I was forbidden to talk about it. Today I consider it my duty to speak directly and openly about the threat to humanity.
Huge stocks of nuclear weapons have been accumulated on Earth. Reactors of nuclear power plants are in operation all over the world. They can fall prey to terrorists. The explosion of these objects can reach a power of more than 2 thousand kilotons. Potentially, the scenario of the death of civilization has already been prepared.
What follows from this? It is necessary to protect nuclear facilities from possible terrorism so carefully that they are completely inaccessible to him. Otherwise, a planetary catastrophe is inevitable.
