Vitaslav (glorious life) ruled from 782 to 795 summer. The first prince renamed Slovensk to Novgorod. Son of the Obodrit king Ariberg II. He came to reign through marriage with the daughter of Stolposvet, it turns out the last of the Slovenian dynasty.
795 summer. Bravlin (Burvoy I) ascends to the throne, having recaptured the Crimean city of Surazh, modern Sudak from Byzantium. Dies in 811 summer.
811 summer -821 summer during the reign of Slavi'ra II (Glory is a goddess). Dies in 921 summer.
821 -839 summer during the reign of Burivoy II.
839 -859, twenty years of the reign of Gustosmysl (Many-wise), the first legislator of the code of laws "Dress".
859 summer Beginning of the reign of Vadim the Brave - a representative of the old Slovenian dynasty, before Vitaslav, a descendant of Izbor and brother of Stolpposvet. He reigned after Gustosmysl, but for violating the "Order", he was rejected from Slovenian rule and two years later he was killed by Rurik during the uprising against Rurik in 862 summer.
862 summer. Rurik from Ladoga was called to reign in Slovensk-Novgorod from the land of Obodritskaya, as the grandson of Boguslav and the son of Umila and King Gorislav.
878 summer. The birth of Igor I (Old) from Rurik, will go to the education of Oleg Veschevoy, Rurik's brother-in-law, his wife's brother.
Promotional video:
A. D. 882 Rurik dies in Novgorod after 20 years of reign and transfers his reign to his brother Oleg, from his existing clan, transferring his son Igor to his care, for he was very young - from 3 to 4 years old.
880 l. Hike of Russ to the Caspian Sea.
Until the summer of 882 AD, the reign of Oskold and Gordimir in Kiev. Oskold and Gordimir went to Polovchan and Krivichi, and subdued them, and laid tribute on them, and left the squad in Polotsk …
Gordimir fell very ill in Kiev, both his eyes became blind from the action of Greek fire, and the wise and good doctors could not heal Prince Gordimir, because there were many wounds on his face, and his face was very terrible and festering. And he put Gordimir - the son of his named - son-in-law Oskold for the great reign of Polyanskaya Russia … And the third son will be born in 882 years.
In the same year, on March 9, Oskold was baptized in Kiev, in the church of St. Irene - built on the grave of Gordimir's wife, and accepted faith in Christ and was named Nikolai by the Greek bishop Arsenikos. So we will write Oskold - St. Nicholas.
The glades, thanks to their cultural and economic superiority, from a defensive position in relation to their neighbors, in 882 passed into an offensive; Drevlyans, Dregovichi, Northerners and others, by the end of the 9th century, were already subject to the Polyans - Oskold (Nikolai) and Gordimir. Christianity was established among them earlier than others.
882 summer. (6390). The voivode Oleg, nicknamed "Veshchevoy", was accepted by the brother of the Norwegian princess Efanda, the wife of Rurik, the warriors of many of the Varangians, Chudi, Slovens, Mary, Ves and Krivichi, and came to Smolensk with the Krivichi and took the city, and put his husband in prison. From there he went downstairs and took Lyubets, where he seated his husband. Oleg the Prophet (vbschi - clothing). So he was nicknamed when, after receiving tribute from Constantinople, he gave almost everything to his squad, depriving the Christian part of the army. “Oleg went, taking by many wars - the Varangians: Chud Slovenskaya, Merya, Ves and came to Smolensk with the Krivichs and, having accepted the city, planted his husband. From there he went down and took Lyubets and put his husband in bed and comes to the cities of Kiev ", where for almost 20 years (from 862 years.) Oskold and Dir, the former governors of Novgorod, who became the self-proclaimed rulers of Kiev, have ruled. But by this time Oskold himself and his squad, already baptized Christians. Oleg is a pagan worshiping idols. And he comes to the mountains of Kiiev and Oleg saw that Oskold reigns there. He buried his soldiers in boats, and left the others behind (on the shore), and he himself comes, carrying Igor like a child. Sails under Ugorskoe, burying his soldiers, sends them to Oskold, saying: “I am a guest (merchant), and we go to the Greeks from Oleg and from Igor the prince. May you come to us with your kin. " When Oskold arrived, all the hidden soldiers jumped out of the boats and surrounded Oskold-Nikolai, and Oleg said to Oskold: “You (Sails under Ugorskoe, burying his soldiers, sends them to Oskold, saying: “I am a guest (merchant), and we go to the Greeks from Oleg and from Igor the prince. May you come to us with your kin. " When Oskold arrived, all the hidden soldiers jumped out of the boats and surrounded Oskold-Nikolai, and Oleg said to Oskold: “You (Sails under Ugorskoe, burying his soldiers, sends them to Oskold, saying: “I am a guest (merchant), and we go to the Greeks from Oleg and from Igor the prince. May you come to us with your kin. " When Oskold arrived, all the hidden soldiers jumped out of the boats and surrounded Oskold-Nikolai, and Oleg said to Oskold: “You (now) not a prince, and not a princely clan, but I am a princely clan ", - and endures Igor, -" But Rurik has a son. " And they killed Oskold-Nicholas. The inhabitants of Kiiev took the bodies, and buried them on the mountain that is now called Ougorskoe, where nowadays "Olga's yard", and on that grave they erected the Church of St. Nicholas, and Gordimirov's (Dirov's) grave behind the wall of the monastery "Olga's yard". (It must be understood that this was not done by Oleg and not by his order, since he is not a pagan who was baptized, but Oskold is already a Christian and after his death in baptism he bears the name of St. Nicholas). And Oleg sat in Kiev, the "pestun" of Prince Igor. And Oleg says: “It will be mother (= great, but not mother, remember the word 'mother - the highest, mother - mother-in-law, mother of churches = Jerusalem church, but not mother - who gave birth to all Russian cities. After all, there is another meaning of the word "mother" - mayu = have. Such general ignorance of the Old Russian language!) between the Russian cities”. And he had Slovenian Varangians and others, who were nicknamed Rus. (The Varyags are not a nation or nationality, as it was commonly believed, and because of which there are numerous mistakes when reading ancient historical sources, but a people who have lost their habitat).
The attempt of Prince Oskold (St. Nicholas) to establish on the Dnieper the Christian "Gospel" of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, the religious and state reform he had conceived ended unsuccessfully. The time for the establishment of Christianity on the Russian Land has not yet come. The supporters of pagan antiquity with the Magi at their head were too strong, the princely power was too weak. Oskold accepted a martyr's death at the hands of assassins, deceiving him into the camp of enemies for negotiations. But the case of the blessed Oskold (so called Oskold - Nikolai Ioakimov chronicle) did not perish in the Russian Church. Veshchevoy Oleg, who killed Oskold and took the Kiev reign after him, appoints Kiev “mother to Russian cities” - this is a literal translation of the Greek expression “Russian Metropolitanate”. The most ancient churches of Orthodox Kiev kept the grateful memory of the first Christian prince of Kiev. The Church of the Prophet of God Elijah, built by Oskold and later mentioned in the Treaty of Igor with the Greeks (944 y.), On the site of which there is a temple of the same name, and the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, erected in the 50s of the X century over the grave of St. Nicholas, through the efforts of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Princess Olga. The most important conquest of Oskold, forever included in the church heritage not only of Russia, but also of all Orthodox Slavs, is the Slavic Gospel and Slavic worship,created by the labors of Saints Equal to the Apostles Cyril and Methodius. In Kiev, at the court of Askold-Nicholas, the beginning of their apostolic activity among the Slavs was laid in the year 861, continued after Bulgaria and Moravia. Following the blessed Oskold, in the words of the ancient "Alphabet Prayer", "The Slavic tribe is flying now - everyone rushed to Baptism."
(6390 d. From S. M.). And Gordimir is the grave behind the church of St. Irene - his wife. And now Oleg sat down to reign in Kiiev and said: "This will be the main (" mother "= mother, mother) Russian cities." He had Varangians (who had lost their lands) and Slovenes and others - called upon by Rus. Since that time, Oleg began to stage cities. Established tribute to Slovenes, Kriviches and Mary. Established the Vikings to give tribute from Novgorod - 300 hryvnia for the summer, creating a society.
After the seizure of power by Prince Rurik, the land of Polyan with the city of Kiev became the center of the Rurik possessions. The center of the Polyanskaya ("Polish and Lyakhskaya") land was Kiev. Other settlements are Vyshgorod, Belgorod on the Irpen River (now the village of Belogorodka), Zvenigorod, Trepol (now the village of Tripolye), Vasileva (now Vasilkov) and others. The last time in the annals the name Polyan was mentioned in 944 y., On the occasion of Igor's campaign against the Greeks, and is probably replaced at the end. X century.
883 summer. Oleg began to fight against the Drevlyans and forced them into war, and got a tribute from them for the "black kuna".
884 summer. Oleg goes to the Northerners and defeats the Northerners and imposes an easy tribute on them, only so that they do not give the Khazars tribute to pay, saying: "I am their enemy, but you have nothing to do." 884 l. as before in 864 liters. The Russ made a raid on the city of Abaskun (the Khazar Sea on the map below) with sixteen boats in the Astra'bad (Khan) Gulf. (Historian of the 12th century, Ibn Isfandiyar in the “History of Tabari'stan” during the time of Emir Alid al-Hasan ibn Zayed.) The governor of the region Sari-Ahmad bin al-Qasim received help from the Samanids and defeated the Russ in the Mugan steppe, in southern Azerbaijan.
At 885 liters. Oleg sent to the Radimichs, saying: "To whom are you giving tribute?" They answered: "They gave Khazars." And since that time, the Slavs became in possession of Oleg: Polyana, Drevlyane, Sverian, Radimichi. And from the Ulitsa and Tverichi he had a host. Oleg Veshchevoy freed the territory of the northern lands or the "Northern Ukrainian" land from the Khazar tribute and annexed the cities under his rule, the territory of the Radimichi ceded to the Russian state. (The name comes from the name of the leader Radim, headed by the Radimichi, allegedly came from the Polish lands. The place of settlement of the Radimichs is the basin of the Sozh River). Written information about the cities of the Radimichi - Krichev (Krechet up to 1136 y.), Propoisk (Praposask up to 1136 y.), Gomel (Gomiy up to 1142 y.), Rogachev (1142) and Chechersk (1159) dates back to the 12th century.
In Europe, a huge fleet of "Vikings" laid siege to Paris. The phrase about a huge fleet is surprising, since Paris is not a seaport city. The fleet could climb the river Seine and land the troops that besieged Paris.
At 885 liters. Oleg sent to the Radimichs, saying: "To whom are you giving tribute?" They answered: "They gave Khazars." And since that time, the Slavs became in possession of Oleg: Polyana, Drevlyane, Sverian, Radimichi. And from the Ulitsa and Tverichi he had a host. Oleg Veschevoy freed the territory of the northern lands or "Northern near (o) extreme" land from the Khazar tribute and annexed the cities under his rule, the territory of the Radimichi ceded to the Russian state. (The name comes from the name of the leader Radim, headed by the Radimichi, allegedly came from the Polish lands. The place of settlement of the Radimichs is the basin of the Sozh River). Written information about the cities of the Radimichi - Krichev (Krechet up to 1136 y.), Propoisk (Praposask up to 1136 y.), Gomel (Gomiy up to 1142 y.), Rogachev (1142) and Chechersk (1159) dates back to the 12th century.
6396 or 887 years Levon reigned - the son of Vasiliev, whom they called Leo, and his brother Alexander, who reigned for 36 years.
Summer in 889. Union: the daughters of Yartur and the prince's hunter - Mala Nizekinya from the Drevlyansky clan, his parents are unknown. Father - died hunting a bear. Mal was born in 890 summer, lived 56, in 946 he was killed in the city of Iskorosten by Saint Olga Equal to the Apostles. Mal was left with a son Dobran *** and a daughter Malusha (captured by Olga in 946 summer - 6454 summer from S. M.):
*** Dobran (Dobrynya - uncle of Vladimir - born 911, lived 79 years, died 990th summer) - the first mayor in Novgorod. The second mayor in Novgorod - Konstantin (Ksnyatin) was born in 939, lived 78 years, in 1017 he was killed by Yaroslav. Wanted to isolate himself from Kiev, the third mayor in Novgorod - Ostromir (970 years from the birth of Christ - the “Gospel of Ostromir” was written for him. This is not the Bible yet, but only the Gospel in Old Russian).
Voivode in Novgorod Vyshata (991) - blinded by the Greeks in captivity in the summer of 1046 A. D. or 6554 y.p. from S. M. Jan (1012, 94, 1106) - the good old man Jan defeated the smerds in a strife (during the uprising of the peasants) in Rostov and in Belo Lake in the summer of 1071 A. D. (no 6579). Saint Barlaam (1051 (?)) - the first hegumen of the Holy Cave Lavra - 6559 years ago. from S. M.).
Union of Svyatoslav, son of St. Olga and Malusha, the daughter of the Drevlyansky prince Mal, who became Olga's slave-housekeeper, in 939. From this union, Vladimir I - Yasno Solnyshko - Saint (b. 940, lived 75 years, died on 15. VII.1015 in Kiev).
Vladimir Kievsky: 12 sons, two daughters. And Russia is coming Yaroslav, who was named in Russia the prince Great and Wise, because he expanded the Russian lands, and built many temples, and united peoples, and protected Russia from the enemy.
About the princes of Kiev, who were elected at the veche from the bulk of the Slovenian and Russian clans that lived on the Dnieper
So, because of Igor's 15th birthday, we have to change the historical dates. We read on
893 l. Prince Oleg Veshchevoy, left the ruler of Kiev 15-year-old nephew Igor's son Rurik and undertook a campaign against the Greeks (on Constantinople). Gathered many Varangians: Polyans, Severyans, Vyatichi, Doulbov and Tivertsy … all of these were nicknamed 'Great Scythia' by the Greeks. Oleg goes with them all: on horse and ship. And the number of ships was 2 thousand (let's decrease by a degree, since they could fit the entire population of Kiev in the Byzantine chronicles 200), and comes to Tsaryugrad. The Greeks closed Soud and closed the city. But, instead of storming the city, Oleg went ashore and began to fight, and he committed many murders to the Greeks around the city, smashed many chambers and burned churches. And whom he had prisoners, he beat them all up, tormented others, beat some with arrows, and threw others into the sea. Russia did a lot of other evil to the Greeks, how many warriors did. The Byzantine Emperor Leo VI Philosopher preferred to buy off and regulated the trade relations of navigation. I also gave each soldier 12 hryvnias … The list of many evils brought to the Greeks was the norm of military operations for that time, when in peacetime they repaired more to their own subordinates.
896 l. Stephen VI ascends to the papal throne and organizes the trial of the previous pontiff Formosus, who was dug from the grave, dressed in papal clothes and put on the dock. The Formosa troupe was thrown into the Tiber. Soon Stephen VI was imprisoned and strangled there. This does not apply to the history of Russia, but it shows the customs of that time in Europe. It is only with the adoption of Christianity that such antics continue to this day, when bodies are taken out of the mausoleum and they seek to accuse the dead of fictitious sins, and distortions of history for the sake of politics are commonplace.
898 summer. Ougri (Hungarians) passed by Kiev, a mountain that is now called Ougorskaya. (burial place of Oskold). They came to the Dnieper, and stood up in tents, for in those days they were on the move, like all the Polovtsians who came from the east, and rushed through the great mountains (the Carpathians?) And began to fight against the Magi living here. Words because they sat here before, and the Magi took the Slovenian land, after which the Ougri drove out the Magi and inherited the land, the one where the Slovenes had previously settled, subjugating it for themselves and from that the Ougri land was nicknamed, and the Ougri began to fight against the Greeks and captured the Fryazh land and Macedonian even before f, Soluna and began to fight against Moravia (on the Morava River) and the Czech Republic, where there was one people - Slovnskiy. When the Ougri (Hungarians) came, Slovné were already sitting along the Danube and Morava, and the Czech Republic, Lyakhovo and Polyana, which are now called Rus. And these are the first to be offered books,which were nicknamed "The Letter of Slovenia", that letter is already in Russia and in the Danube Bulgarians.
In the 9th century the law “Russian Truth” appeared.
At the turn of the X-XI centuries, from the composition of the prince's squad, the highest part of the "Father's squad" was allocated, whose members were boyars (fighters) who became landowners as a reward for service. From the "junior squad" (son's), the princely and courtyard servants were recruited first. This is the beginning of the formation of the "junior squad", which in the service adopted the traditions and way of life of the "big squad". Together with the prince, the "younger squad" studied and prepared for future wars. That is why every vigilante could conduct ambassadorial affairs and govern cities like princely posadniks. An important role in governing the country was played by the People's Assembly - "Veche"; under the Grand Dukes, the "Boyarskaya Duma" functioned. Veche - from the old Slavonic "Veschati" - to speak.
896 l. Stephen VI ascends to the papal throne and organizes the trial of the previous pontiff Formosus, who was dug from the grave, dressed in papal clothes and put on the dock. The Formosa troupe was thrown into the Tiber. Soon Stephen VI was imprisoned and strangled there. This does not apply to the history of Russia, but it shows the customs of that time in Europe. It is only with the adoption of Christianity that such antics continue to this day, when bodies are taken out of the mausoleum and they seek to accuse the dead of fictitious sins, and distortions of history for the sake of politics are commonplace.
898 summer. The Ugrians (Hungarians) passed by Kiev, a mountain that is now called Ougorskaya. (burial place of Oskold). They came to the Dnieper and stood up in tents, for in those days they were on the move, like all the Polovtsians who came from the East, and rushed through the great mountains (Carpathians?) And began to fight against the Magi living here. Words because they sat here before, and the Magi took the Slovenian land, after which the Ougrs drove the Magi and inherited the land, the one where the Slovenes had previously settled, subjugating it for themselves and from that the Ougorskaya land was called, and the Ugrians began to fight against the Greeks and overwhelmed the Fryazh land (now Venice) and Macedonian even before f, Soluna and began to fight against Moravia (on the Morava River) and the Czech Republic, where there was one people - Slovnskiy. When the Ugrians came, Slobne were already sitting along the Danube and Morava, and the Czech Republic, Lyakhovo and Polyana, which are now called Rus. And this was the first to suggest books that were nicknamed "The Letter of the Word", that letter is already in Russia and in the Danube Bulgarians.
900 l. = 6408 l. Slavic chronology from the "Creation of the World in the" Golden Temple "kolodar. Harald Horfager (Fair-haired) Norway's first "könung".
903 y., Igor I (Old), having returned, no longer walked under his mother Olga, and the squad now obeyed him, and they brought him a wife from Pskov named Olena.
The first mention of the city of Pskov … "is remembered from whom the byst was created and by which people, only led away, as if he was already at the time when the princes Rurik with the brethren" from the Varyags "came to" Slovenia to reign ".
907 summer is the first mention of Chernigov.
911 l. In the "Tale of Time'in Years" there is a mention of Halley's comet: "A great star appeared in the west in a spear fashion." This is a mistake of the chronicler. The comet came very close to the earth in July 912 years. Prince Oleg made a campaign against Constantinople. The "Creation of the world of Russia and Byzantium" takes place in the summer of 6420 from S. M. Oleg moves his capital to Kiiev.
In the Bulgar city (in the city!) On the Volga, there was a large assembly point for the slave trade along the entire Volga Way. In Byzantium, "Rus" sold its slaves. An agreement between the Kiev prince Oleg Veshchev and the Byzantine emperor Leo VI in 911 provided for the payment of compensation to the Russ if their slaves escaped or were stolen on Byzantine territory.
As I did not look on the maps, but I found only one place where Oleg could pull his ships to land, bypassing the hills, so that at the same time they could intimidate the citizens of Constantinople, whose city walls had not yet captured the Lycus River with their walls. Having pulled ships out of the waters of Lycus, and setting them up in a chain to the Golden Horn Bay, he could block the city from water and land. Here, the ships on the plain, lying on their sides, could serve as "forts" when trying to attack the Rusichi, when the blockade was broken. Subsequently, a chain is already stretched across the Golden Horn Bay and the entrance to the Lycus River is blocked by a wall
912 / 913 summer = 300th summer according to the Muslim calendar.
Summer 912. Oleg Veschevoy dies from a snakebite. The power is taken by his nephew Igor Rurikovich. See 939 summer.
Saint-Clair-sur-Aptis treaty on the transfer of the territory of the future Normandy to the Norman Könung Rollon, with the obligation to protect the borders from the "Vikings". This is how the province of Normandy appeared on the map of France.
912 -913 l. = 300 summer according to the Muslim calendar, the cities of Gilan, Deilem, Tabaristan, Abaskun, Arran and Shirvan were attacked.
912 -945 hp The reign of Igor Rurikovich the Old (former, senior) in Kiev at the age of 34. Igor's suppression of opposition to the Drevlyans.
Below is a map of Russia of the 9th century. But there is one question: There is the Varangian Sea instead of the Baltic, but there is no Varangian state, there is Chud Zavolotskaya, but there is no Chudi Ilmenskaya on Lake Chudskoye and on the Ob. Also, the Obsky forest is not indicated on the map, the place from where the Western Dvina originates - the Daugava, Volga, Dnieper and Lovat, and this is the Central crossing point - the routes from the Varyags to the Greeks, through Russia.
915 y., The coming of the Pechenegs to the Russian land. Igor Rurikovich Godolyubovich (Year = God) made peace, but from 920 years. the world is over and the war with the nomads begins. 920 l. Tsar Roman was placed over the Greeks. Igor Stary (42 years old) fought against the Pechenegs.
It is very important not to miss this message, because from it, apparently, will go a new kind of kings of Russia - the Romanovs. Let's take a close look at whether there will be anyone else in the history of the Romanov family, so that we can report from them. But we only mean the name "Roman", not Romanov, which means belonging to the family of Tsar Roman. We remember that "Romanov" means belonging or dependence, because it answers the question "Whose?"
925 summer. The Czech prince Wenceslas built the first church on the site of today's St. Vitus Cathedral, after the East Fryagian King Henry I of the Bird, actively converting pagan Slavs into Christians, presented Wenceslas with the right hand of St. Vitus. It should be noted that the Czechs, descending from Shchek, the brother of Kiy, then well knew "the boss of war and victory Svyatovit." It is believed that the cathedral was built on the site of the temple of Svyatovit (Sventovita). The temple of Svyatovit continued to exist in Germany, on the island of Rügen, to which donations were sent from all Slavic lands. What is written in the "Slavic Chronicle" missionary Helmold of the XII century.
934 l. Oleg Veshchevoy captured the Samkerts Khazar outpost, which controls the Kerch Strait.
937 y., Uglich was founded by Jan Pleskovich, a native of modern Pskov, originally Pleskov (= fish tail soup), a relative of Princess Olga. From 1218 years ago, the city was the main one in the principality, but in 1238 Uglich was defeated by the Mughal Tatars.
939 y., Igor took the city of Samkerts on the Taman Peninsula. But it is defeated by the governor of Khazaria, Passover, and Russia begins to pay tribute to the Khazar Kaganate. But the Khazar coat of arms "Tridens" appears in the coins of Russia, which will indicate the payment of tributes to Khazaria now from three principalities. Khazaria becomes an empire (in our modern sense). On the coins with which the vassals pay tribute, the master's coat of arms should be placed.
941 l. Igor Svyatoslavovich from the clan of Rurik (Godolyubovich) went to the "Greeks" by order of the Khazar Kaganate, when the Bulgarians sent a message to the king that Russia was going to Constantinople by ships. The Rusichi came and had already begun to "fight" the Bethany side. They fought along Pontus (the southern coast of the Black Sea) to Arklea, and to the Faflogon land, and all (the land) lying in front of the land of Nicaea was captured, and the buildings of the dock of the Gulf Sud and the ships were all burned, and as they had already taken them, he went forward to other countries …
The reason for the campaign was given by the Greeks of Byzantium themselves, who refused to pay the tribute established by Khazaria, but Igor makes a mistake, allowing the army to plunder the Black Sea cities. Emperor Roman summons under his banner the army of the domestic Panfir with 40 thousand, Macedonians, led by Varda Foka, and the Thracians the strategist Fedor. Igor is defeated on the water by the Greek Fire. He penetrated very far with his army, even reached Heraclea and Nicomedia, but was defeated and fled.
Olga takes Iskorosten himself under her rule, killing Mal. Now she needs to get rid of her vassalage before the Khazars, and ten years later she goes to seek the protection of Byzantium, to which the Khazars paid tribute. In essence, Olga through the Khazars was already a vassal of Byzantium. "The vassal of my vassal is not my vassal, but the vassal of my vassal is my vassal." Olga makes a "chess combination" when she goes directly to the ruler of Khazaria, to which Russia paid tribute after Igor's defeat.
942-944 l. The Crimean prince Tmu ' torok ani (ten thousand tents) Helga (Obodrit's name is equal to Oleg) makes a trip to the Byzantine lands. 944 l. Summer birth of Igor's son Svyatoslav. In the Russian-Byzantine agreement, there are nephews (grandchildren?) Of Rurik - Igor and Akun.
944 l. Igor summons the Varangians and hires the Pechenegs for his war. Emperor Roman proposes to restore the payment of the previous tribute, and Igor, with the wars, accepts the offer, but Pechenegov sends him to fight with the Bulgarians. The treaty of 944 y., Named the Russian princes accompanying Igor by their names, which allows us to see in the system of government that existed in Igor's time - the Grand Duke monarchy (Kaganate = the rate of the khan over the khans) in order to manage a vast territory, the prince divided Russia between relatives and allies "Archons" or kings. It is important to note that not only “men”, but also the wives of princes (senior kings), “archontesses” Predslav and Sfandra, who owned huge cities (“yarls”), took part in the “division”. These noble women also sent their ambassadors to Constantinople, including Igor's wife Olga, who owned the city of Vyshgorod as a "yarlstvo",in charge of state affairs and judging in the absence of her husband. The decisive factor was the establishment of a new system of government and the formation of a new support for the dynasty, "nobility" or boyars.
The next year after Igor's campaign, Emperor Roman sent ambassadors to Igor to restore peace. In December 944, the Emperor Roman was overthrown by his sons, Stephen and Constantine, who were immediately removed from power by the new emperor, Constantine Porphyrogenitus.
945 l. After much persuasion, Prince Igor went with his squad (with the remnants of the squad, after his defeat) to the land of the Drevlyans - for a tribute. Having counted the collected "polyudye" insufficient, the prince returned with a (small) retinue to collect the tribute again. Outraged by such arbitrariness, the Drevlyans from the city of Korosten (Koro = circle + wall) decided: “The wolf has got into the habit of walking to the sheep - this is how he drags the whole flock. We'd better kill him! " Igor's small detachment was defeated by the Drevlyan prince Mal (Malditt), Igor himself - according to the Byzantine historian Leo the Deacon - was killed by tying him to the bent tops of two neighboring trees.
The second version in history: He was killed by Malditt (Mal Nize kin = low-born prince ?), Prince of Drevlyansky, at the place named after that Koreste (Self-interest = a word close to ours "looting", robbery of the dead), where he was buried … After Igor's death, the leader of the Drevlyans, Malditt, made an attempt to marry the widow of Prince Igor - Olga. She, driven by a sense of revenge and a desire to retain power for her son, tricked Malditt. Let's start from the beginning:
When the Drevlyans sent twenty ambassadors to her with a proposal to marry their prince. Olga ordered the Drevlyan ambassadors to be buried alive in the ground. Immediately she sent her ambassadors to them to announce that they should send more matchmakers and more famous, if they wished to show respect and have her as a princess and mistress. Soon after that, she burned fifty chosen husbands sent to her in the bathhouse, and sent new ambassadors to the Drevlyans to announce her arrival. She herself ordered to prepare mead and everything necessary according to the then custom for the commemoration of her deceased husband. (Prepare mead ?! For 15-20 days, you can cook mead for hops, for common people to quickly get drunk. Princely mead was infused on juice of berries and fruits from 10 to 50)Then they came to Drevlianys she mourning her husband, on the spot death of his making funeral feast that was quite Vedic laws (women at the funeral feast is not allowed), and watered Drevlyane slew (poisoned?) of which five hundred people. Returning to the city, she directed her army against the remaining Drevlyans, and won a victory, and pursued the fleeing to the fortress, which she besieged. She offered to make peace with them, but demanded tribute from them: from each house, three doves and three sparrows. She let go of the birds she received in tribute, tying fiery tinder to her feet. The birds that flew away returned to their old usual dwellings and lit the fortress. The fugitives from the Korosten fortress on fire were partially killed. Thus, having annexed all the remaining Drevlyansky fortresses to her possessions and avenging her husband's death, she returned to Kiev.
At 945 liters. Having avenged her husband's death, Olga, not wanting a repetition of such events, established the size of the "polyudya" - taxes in favor of Kiev, the timing and frequency of their payment - "quitrent" and "statutes". All the lands now subject to Kiev were divided into administrative units, in each of which a princely administrator, a tiun, was appointed.
945 - 972 hp The reign of Svyatoslav Igorevich in Kiev. But in fact, until 959 years old, the princess ruled - mother Olga. Harald Blue-Toothed becomes king of Denmark and in 960 years, he adopts Christianity, but seeing the resistance of the people, he is in no hurry to rush things.
946 y., The first reports about the wooden fortress of Krivichi on the site of present-day Pskov, placed at the confluence of the Pskova River with the Velikaya River, belong to this summer. (About the wooden settlement of the house of the Pleskovich family from the Krivich family, who founded Uglich 837 liters. Pleskov = fishtail soup). Olga, in this place, renews the embankment and erects a wooden wall of the fortress. The Trinity Cathedral is being built inside. Krivichi differed from the Novgorod Slovenes and sought to separate from the influence of the Slovenes.
955 l. 6463 years after the signing of the peace, during the reign of John the king of Constantinople, Olga went to Greece to be baptized. On the proposal of the king of Byzantium to become his wife, which means to transfer his lands under the rule of Byzantium, through annexation, she agrees to accept Christianity, since she is still a pagan, but setting the condition that the king himself, and not the priest, baptized her. The Tsar, attracted by the opportunity to contemplate the goddaughter during baptism, falls into the trap, since according to Christian laws she is the "goddaughter" - the named daughter of the emperor. And now she is equal to the Byzantine emperor, and not a tributary of Khazaria. At baptism, Olga changed her name and was named Elena. She returned home, having received, after baptism, many rich gifts from the tsar, who admired Olga's mind. She also received an ally against Khazaria in the form of the emperor of Constantinople. She was the first Russian princess to become a Christian. But she could not in any way persuade her son Svyatoslav to baptize. Or, herself baptized for political reasons, she did not really strive to "Christianize" her son. But with her one embassy, she becomes equal to the king of Constantinople, and rises above Khazaria. When Svyatoslav came to his youth, he immediately accepted all military labors and the dangers associated with them. He did not allow his army to have any luggage in the war, not even boilers. They ate only fried meat, rested on the ground, or rather, they did not carry wagons with tents and beds with them, as was customary in other states, but slept with a blanket on the ground andplacing a saddle under your head. He defeated the Bulgarians even up to the Danube, and established his residence in the city of Pereyaslavets, telling his mother and his advisers: “This is truly my capital and the middle of my kingdoms: from Greece through me they bring pavoloks, gold, silver, wine and various fruits, from Hungary - silver and horses, from Russia - skins, wax, honey and slaves."
In summer 959 Olga wrote to him: “Soon I will die; so you bury me wherever you like. " Three days later, she died and was numbered among the Saints by her great-grandson Vladimir, who was voluntarily baptized. Sigismund Herberstein: "Notes on the Muscovite Affairs".
The Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII was the son of Leo VI the Philosopher and Zoe Carbon opsin (Coal Opsin), the fourth wife of the emperor. The fourth marriage was not allowed by the church, and the child born was considered illegitimate, although he was the only son of Leo VI. Only in January 906 years., Constantine was baptized, and in April 906 years., Against the will of Patriarch Nicholas Mystic, Leo and Zoya were married. The nickname Porphyry comes from the Crimson (Porphyry) Hall of the Imperial Palace, where only the Empress was born, and is intended to emphasize that he was born to the reigning monarch.
… Igor's widow - Grand Duchess Olga (Helga), (originally from the settlement of Vybutsky, located near the settlement of Pskov, according to other sources, she was from Iborsk, took the Christian name Elena, but in history she remained Olga, and even a saint), who remained with son Svyatoslav, sent an embassy to the German king Otto I, who, later, in the year 962, was crowned with the acceptance of the title of emperor of the Roman Empire. By this time Svyatoslav is entering the period of growing up and takes over the reign from the "regent" Olga. Later, historians from hysterical-political "science" will call Empress Catherine the first rulers, forgetting about the direct rule of the regent Olga, political actions, not military ones, which freed Russia from paying tribute to the Khazars. Where they lost in the war, she won with a political multi-move, apparently thought out in advance.
960 l. The convinced pagan Svyatoslav Igorevich turned 18, and the mission sent by Otto I to Kiev failed, as the Successor of Reginon reports:
964 - Svyatoslav's campaign against Vyatichi (the last Khazar tributaries among the Slavs).
965 - The campaign of Svyatoslav Igorevich is now on the weakened Khazaria itself, which has lost its tributaries and vassals. The defeat of the Khazar army led by the kagan. The Khazar capital Sarkel (Sherkil = white city, founded in 834) on the banks of the Don, was defeated by Prince Svyatoslav. After that, the settlement came under the rule of Russia, and began to be called in Russian - Belaya Vezha. Defeat of Caucasian Alan and Kasogov. Volga Bulgaria after this gains independence from Khazaria. The slave trade flourished in Prague "The Russians and Slavs come to the city of Prague from … Krakow with goods, and Mohammedans, Jews and Turks come to them from the Turkic lands, also with goods and a running coin and take out slaves, tin and various furs"
The name “Kievan Rus” was introduced by the historian of the 19th century, and before this substitution of concepts, there was the Kievan Kaganate or Kievan Rus. Kagan = khan of khans, great khan. Kaganate = the name of the Khazar kingdom. The name "Kiev Kaganate (patrimony)" speaks of the subordination of Kiev to Khazaria, where the Supreme Kagan sat, and was more a Khazar name than a Russian one. The coat of arms of modern Ukraine repeats the coat of arms of Khazaria, first of all, and not the coat of arms of Rurikovich, thereby reminding the dependence of the vassal Kiev on others. Themselves unwillingly, without understanding the history of the "Ukrainians" accept for their state the symbolism of the tributaries "tridens", an inverted flag, and the Polish anthem, created at the time when Poland became a principality from the kingdom, and the words of the song then nourished the hope "Poland is not yet has disappeared? "
965-966 years., The Khazar Kaganate took huge fees for the passage of merchants, and if he had the opportunity, he simply robbed Russian caravans, as it was in 913 summer. Svyatoslav, in alliance with the Pechenegs (famous mercenaries), defeated the Khazar army, took Itil on the Volga, Semerden on the Terek, and completed the campaign on the Taman Peninsula. Returning, takes the fortress Sarkel (Sherkel) on the Don, renamed Belaya Vezha. The Khazar Empire was destroyed in a year. Sarkel and Tmutorokan are the basis of the Tmutorokan principality. Kerch (Kerchev) became a Russian city. Prince Gleb, the great-grandson of Svyatoslav, measured the frozen Kerch Strait from Tmutorokan to Kerchev 14,000 yards.
966 l. Svyatoslav subordinates the Vyatichi for the second time. 967 y., (6475 from CM) The Byzantine Emperor Nikifor Foka demanded that the Bulgarian Tsar Peter resist the Hungarian raid on Byzantium. Peter refused to oppose the strongest enemy, and Byzantium set the Russ on Bulgaria. 968/969 - the attack of the Oguzes (from the Slavena and Lyakhov clan) on Khazaria. Continuation of Svyatoslav's campaign. The destruction of both parts of Itil and Semender. The defeat of the Khazars by the Russ. The surviving population settled along the Caspian coast and the islands. The Khazar royal court took refuge in Mangyshlak. (Mangyshlak - a thousand villages, Mankystau - a thousand winter quarters Menkov and Nogayev).
968 l. Svyatoslav Igorevich put Yaropolk to rule in Kiev, Drevlyan entrusted Oleg, Vladimir entrusted the Novgorodians, and he himself, at the request of the Byzantine Empire, went to Pereyaslavets, where the Bulgarians met him with an army. But Svyatoslav takes Pereyaslavets and goes to Byzantium. The first siege of Kiev by the Pechenegs and the expulsion of the Pechenegs from the Russian land by Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich.
969 l. After the death of his mother, Princess Olga, he returns to Bulgaria again and subjugates the eastern part of the Bulgarian kingdom. Reign in Novgorod by Vladimir Svyatoslavich, son of Svyatoslav Igorevich and slave Malusha (housekeeper of Princess Olga).
And here is a new view from Europe on the battle of Dorostol below. At 970 liters. Boris Urlanis. "Population Growth in Europe". “About 2 million lived in Kievan Rus. (It seems that, according to the tradition of that time, only men are taken into account) The population of Byzantium is 20-24 million and Emperor John Tzimiskes gathered 300 ships, 15 thousand infantry and 13 thousand horsemen in a campaign against Bulgaria. Svyatoslav attacks the Byzantine Empire in Thrace. On April 14, the Greeks captured the capital of the Bulgarians, and besieged the main Russian forces in Dorostol for three months. And they began negotiations for reconciliation.
“Sfendoslav also appeared, having sailed along the river on a Scythian boat. He sat on the oars and rowed with his entourage, no different from them. This is what his appearance was: moderate growth, not too tall and not very short, with thick eyebrows and light blue eyes, snub-nosed, beardless, with thick, excessively long hair above the upper lip. His head was completely naked, but on one side a tuft of hair hung down - a sign of the nobility of the family; a strong back of the head, a wide chest and all other parts of the body are quite proportionate, but he looked gloomy and stern. In one ear he had a gold earring *; it was adorned with a carbuncle framed by two pearls. His attire was white and differed from the clothing of his associates only in noticeable cleanliness."
The earring in the left one is already a sign of the loss of a wife, in the right - children, in both ears - a complete orphan looking for death in battle. Svyatoslav most likely wore an earring on his mother
Svyatoslav puts forward a condition for the emperor that he will leave Bulgaria if he receives food for the return trip. But on the way back, Svyatoslav stopped for the winter, not reaching Kiev. What prevented him from going home? if the Christian part of his army, offended by the constant humiliation of Svyatoslav, did not stay for the winter and made it safely to Kiev.
972 l. = 6480 summer from the Creation of the World. “When spring came, Svyatoslav went from his wintering to the rapids of the Dnieper. And Kurya (Kures), prince of the Pechenegs, with whom Svyatoslav had a trade exchange during the entire winter, attacked him on a small squad weakened during the winter, and they killed Svyatoslav, and took his head, and made a cup from his skull with gold lining, bounding him, cut out the inscription: “Looking for a stranger, he lost his own,” and drank from the skull. Sveneld came to Kiev to Yaropolk."
The death of Svyatoslav in a battle with the Pechenegs is also confirmed by Leo the Deacon:
“Sfendoslav left Dorostol, returned the prisoners according to the agreement and sailed with the remaining comrades-in-arms, directing his way to his homeland. On the way, they were ambushed by the Patients, a large nomadic tribe that devours lice, carries dwellings with them and spends most of their lives in carts. They killed almost all [the dews], killed Sfendoslav along with the others, so that only a few of the huge army of dews returned unharmed to their homes."
The eastern part of Bulgaria was annexed to Byzantium. 972 summer. The reign in Kiev of Yaropolk (Shining among the people) Svyatoslavovich. Russia split into three states. Yaropolk minted the first purely Russian coins (without the trirance of the Khazar Kaganate). He himself was not baptized, but he favored the Christians, for which the pagans hated him. He had a military enmity with his younger brother, Vladimir Svyatoslavovich. But because of the defector of the governor, Bluda was defeated and killed in 978 summer.
973 years., Russian ambassadors are negotiating with the East Frankish king Otto II, the emperor of the German Holy Empire (First Reich), which included Italy, Burgundy, Belgium, Sweden, Czech Republic, Alsace, Silesia, the Netherlands, Lorraine. Beginning in the 5th century, the Reichstag became the main power.
The chronicler Timar of Merseburg (975-1018) described Russia and Kiev as the richest and most beautiful city in Europe. Formation of the Vladimir - Volyn principality.
977 l. The death of Oleg in the battle with Yaropolk. The flight of the Novgorod prince Vladimir I Svyatoslavich "with the Varangians across the sea."
978 summer due to the betrayal of his governor Blud, Yaropolk is defeated and killed by Vladimir's warriors. Vladimir Svyatoslavovich begins to rule on June 11. He worships Perun and is a polygamist.
From Yaropolk - his brother, Vladimir takes his wife and from this union Svyatopolk is born - the murderer (?) Of the brothers Boris, Gleb, Svyatoslav and is nicknamed at the end of his life Svyatopolk the Damned. (Cursed = poor, deplorable. The chronicler regrets such a historically attributed act to him. There is a mention in the annals that Boris was killed by another prince who attributed this to Svyatopolk. And here is a contradiction in the name “Holy regiment or place” and “regretful).
980 l. Vladimir was in Novgorod, still a minor pagan, and he had an uncle Dobrynya - a brave governor, a managerial husband. And Dobrynya sent to the (Polotsk prince) Rogvolod, asking his daughter for Vladimir. This Rogvolod (distorted Rheingold) was called from the Overseas (Rhine golding = citizenship) and owned Polotsk … Rogvolod attacks the lands of Vladimir, in order to take possession of the "haulage of merchant ships from one river to another, and that means to have the entire trade route under his rule, for passing through which the tribute was paid ". Dobrynya, the son of Nikita, was filled with rage, and, taking soldiers, went to (the city) of Polotsk and defeated Rogvolod (in the field, attacking from an ambush). Rogvolod fled to the city, but they approached the city, and took the city, which means they took Prince Rogvolod himself, and his wife and his daughter. Dobrynya, in insult to him (Rogvolod - Reingold) and his daughter (Rogneda), named (married) her "the son of a slave", and ordered Vladimir to be with her (Rogneda) before her father and mother. Then Vladimir (?) Killed her father, and took her as a wife. Did Vladimir do it?
Second historical version
"A Tale of the Times of Other Years"
Vladimir Svyatoslavich, having returned (from exile, two years later) to Novgorod, sent to Rogvolod in Polotsk to say: "I want to take your daughter as my wife." The same one asked his daughter: "Do you want for Vladimir?" She replied: “I don’t want to take off the shoes of a slave’s son (wedding ceremony), but I want for Yaropolk.” And the youths of Vladimir came and told him the whole speech of Rogneda - the daughter of the Polotsk prince Rogvolod … Vladimir gathered many warriors - Varyags, Slovens, Chudi and Krivichi - and went to Rogvolod. And Vladimir attacked Polotsk, and killed Rogvolod and his two sons, and took his daughter to wife.
981 l. Hike to Polyakov and defeat Vyatichi.
882 l. On the establishment of a tribute from Novgorod in the amount of 300 hryvnia. New campaign against Vyatichi - 983 hp Conquest of the Yatvingians - 984 HP Bulgaria.
985 - The campaign of St. Vladimir Svyatoslavovich to the Bulgars and the Khazars who remained after Svyatoslav. Khazars are imposed with tribute.
986 - Embassy to Vladimir Svyatoslavich (in baptism Vasily, in the epics of Vladimir Yasno Solnyshko) missionaries from Muslims, Khazar adherents of Judaists and from the Pope (Western and Eastern Christians). But this is a special topic.
Civil war in Byzantium, raised by the strategist Varda Sklir and the strategist Varda Phocas against Tsar Basil II.
987 l. After the deception by the Byzantine Basileus Basil II and Constantine VIII, who, according to the agreement on a military alliance, did not give him their sister Anna as his wife, because Vladimir is a pagan. To be baptized for marriage means to recognize Vasily and Constantine as "godfathers" over oneself, which means the subordination of the Russian land to Byzantium. The future Equal to the Apostles Prince Vladimir is marching on Korsun. Vladimir laid siege to the Byzantine city of Tauric Chersonesos and took it by storm. Vladimir puts forward a condition: the return of Chersonesos in exchange for a marriage with their sister. Baptism of Vladimir by Saint Michael, later the first Metropolitan of Kiev. Anna was sent to Tauric Chersonesos, where the wedding took place. Vladimir becomes equal to the emperors, and not dependent on them. Vladimir returns Chersonesos to Romey and returned to Kiev, having converted to Christianity. For his deeds in Christianity, the history of Russia is included as "equal to the apostles" Vladimir Red Sun (Red = mellifluous + Sun-Tsar - Bozi Slavic). After his baptism the prince and the baptism of his sons, the prince travels around his lands, spreading Christianity.
Baptism of Prince Yaroslav in Korsun. (6 464 y., From the Creation of the World.) Earlier on August 1. 6 August Baptism of Rus. Prince of All Russia Vladimir, who baptized Russia (unlike Oskold, who baptized only Kiev) was canonized in Russia. In 1634 y., Pope Urban XIII recognized him as a Catholic saint. The first school after the Christianization of Rus opens in Kiev. In the future, schools are established at churches and monasteries, where priests (!) Take on the role of teachers. The school year usually began on the day of the prophet Naum on December 1 and lasted until Easter. Only boys were accepted into training. Even in a later period, the main type of food during training was porridge, hence the "classmate". In 989, Vladimir, having converted to Christianity, got married in Korsun with the Byzantine princess Anna. On the way back to Kiev, he sent a message to his first wife Rogneda Rogvolodny (Vladimir's second wife, who bore him Svyatopolk the Accursed): “Now, having been baptized, I must have one wife with whom I entered into a Christian marriage; you choose your husband from my boyars,whoever you wish. " Rogneda Rogvolodovna's reply, which she ordered to convey to Vladimir, is remarkable: “I am a natural princess, I was her, and I will remain her … And if you have received Holy Baptism, then I can also be“the bride of Christ”” (nun)
The sad fate of the beautiful princess from the Rhine - Rogneda evoked sympathy. For sorrow, tears and suffering, for her great patience, her contemporaries called her "Gorislava". (Gorslava - Gor = top, above + Glory is the deity of the Slavs). Rogneda-Gorslav died at the turn of the millennium, in the year 1000. The dates are lined up in a mysterious chain:
Summer 988 is considered to be the Baptism of Rus, but then there was a mass baptism of the inhabitants of the Kiev principality, who had not yet converted to Christianity. But the entire population of the city is present at baptism, as witnesses and as baptized.
989 summer the baptism of Novgorod takes place, but here it is not possible to "baptize with peace" and fire and sword go into action, since the pagans of Novgorod resist the governors of Vladimir - Krasno Solnyshko - Dobryna and Putyata.
990 l. The first bishop arrives in Novgorod - the Greek Joachim from Korsun (Crimea), who, together with the mayor Dobrynya, baptizes the Novgorodians.
The Ougro-Finnish tribes called the union of the Ugrians and Finns of Scandinavia, it is worth noting that the Istari (From Tarii-Tartaria - in history) in the north lived Finns, but during the Great Migration the prefix “Ugra” appears in the name of the northern peoples, which is consonant with “Ougry ", From which the Magyars originate in the south, and the Finno-Finns in the north, who were the main people in Karelia and on the Kola Peninsula, or as then appeared on the maps, first" Tersky navolok "(Lesnoy), then on" Kola navoloka”, The very name already suggests that the land of the Kola Peninsula served for the passage of ships (through its system of channels flowing into Lake Imandra) into the Frozen Sea
The second mayor in Novgorod - Konstantin (Ksnyatin) was born in 939, lived 78 years, in 1017 he was killed by Yaroslav. Wanted to isolate himself from Kiev, the third mayor in Novgorod - Ostromir (970 years from the birth of Christ - the “Gospel of Ostromir” was written for him. This is not the Bible yet, but only the Gospel in Old Russian).
Voivode in Novgorod Vyshata (991) - blinded by the Greeks in captivity in the summer of 1046 A. D. or 6554 y.p. from S. M. voivode in Novgorod. Jan (1012, 94, 1106) - the good old man Jan defeated the smerds in a strife (during the uprising of the peasants) in Rostov and in Belo Lake in the summer of 1071 A. D. (no 6579). Saint Barlaam (1051 (?)) - the first hegumen of the Holy Cave Lavra - 6559 years ago. from S. M.).
Malfreda (name of the female family. = Milusha, born 920, lived 80 years, death 1000) - Olga's slave.
Union of Svyatoslav with Malusha in 939. From him Vladimir I - Clearly Solnyshko - Saint (b. 940, lived 75 years, died on 15. VII.1015 in Kiev).
Vladimir Kievsky: 12 sons, two daughters. And Russia is coming Yaroslav, who was named in Russia the prince Great and Wise, because he expanded the Russian lands, and built many temples, and united peoples, and protected Russia from the enemy.
About the princes of Kiev, who were elected at the veche from the bulk of the Slovenian and Russian clans that lived on the Dnieper
It's summer 992. The Pechenegs approached the Trubezh River at the ford (Rubezh = left tributary of the Dnieper, south of Kiev) and stood on its left bank. On the other bank Vladimir lined up his squad. Neither side started the first fight. In ancient times, the main emphasis was on the surprise of a raid and a quick withdrawal with prey. This is the face of modern warfare, the tribes understood kinship, but the squad had to earn their honor by prey. Then the Pechenegs suggested that Vladimir solve the matter with a single combat of heroes: “Let go of your husband, and I, let them fight. If your husband throws mine on the ground, then we will not fight for three years, if my husband leaves yours, then we will ruin you for three years. " An elder approached Vladimir and said that he had a younger son who was left at home by his age, so he would defeat the Pechenezh fighter. “Somehow I chided him,but he was upset and tore six skins that he was crushing at that time. " Before the battle, the Pechenezh fighter began to laugh at the Russian, since he was much smaller than his height. However, during the duel, the Russian warrior Nikita Kozhemyaka (Yan usmo'shvets = tanner), the son of a leather master, squeezed the Pecheneg to death, lifted it above him and threw the lifeless one to the ground. The Russians, inspired by the victory of their fighter, rushed to the attack and defeated the Pechenezh army. In honor of this victory, Prince Vladimir renamed the city of Trubezh into Pereyaslavl. After this victory, the Pechenegs did not come to Russia for three whole years.squeezed the Pecheneg to death, lifted it above him and threw the lifeless one to the ground. The Russians, inspired by the victory of their fighter, rushed to the attack and defeated the Pechenezh army. In honor of this victory, Prince Vladimir renamed the city of Trubezh into Pereyaslavl. After this victory, the Pechenegs did not come to Russia for three whole years.squeezed the Pecheneg to death, lifted it above him and threw the lifeless one to the ground. The Russians, inspired by the victory of their fighter, rushed to the attack and defeated the Pechenezh army. In honor of this victory, Prince Vladimir renamed the city of Trubezh into Pereyaslavl. After this victory, the Pechenegs did not come to Russia for three whole years.
In the summer of 995 there was a new raid. This time, luck turned away from Vladimir, and his squad suffered a heavy defeat. Then Kiev! the prince went to Novgorod? for a new army. While the prince was not in the capital, the Pechenegs plundered and ravaged the south of the country. Usually they planned some town for a raid, captured it, plundered the surroundings and retreated - they carried away their feet.
An interesting legend has survived about the siege by the Pechenegs of Belgorod (an ancient Slavic town on the Dnieper). When food supplies began to run out there, the defenders of the fortress gathered at the veche and decided that it would be better to open the gate than wait for starvation. However, one of the elders dissuaded them from doing so. The old man ordered the women to boil jelly and honey, then pour the brew into tubs and put it in the wells. The next day, Pechenezh ambassadors were invited to the city for negotiations. At the same time they were taken to the wells with jelly and honey. Seeing the wells filled with food, the nomads decided that the land itself exudes jelly and honey in Belgorod. The townspeople plentifully treated them with food from the wells, and then supplied them with ambassadors for the return journey. Returning to their camp, the ambassadors reported the miraculous wells and declared,that "This city cannot have a shortage of food supplies, and therefore its siege is meaningless." Having exchanged prisoners with the Belgorodians, the Pechenegs, having lifted the siege, left for the steppe.
The phrase says that the Belgorodians not only sat outside the walls, but also took in the full Pechenegs.
During the siege of Belgorod by the Pechenegs, its inhabitants "created a veche in the city." In the "Laurentian Chronicle" in 1176 there is a message about the antiquity of the veche custom. "For Novgorodians from the beginning, as well as Smolyans, and Kievans, and Polochans, and all (other) volosts, as a" council "converge on the" veche ", and what the elders (cities) decide, the suburbs will accept …"
(995-1022 y.) Olaf Shchetkonung is the son of Eric VI the Victorious and Gunhilda of Poland, half-brother of the king of Denmark, Norway and England Olaf II Knudt the Great.
Ingigerda - Princess of Sweden, as a guarantee of peace between Sweden and Norway, was supposed to marry King Olaf II Haraldson Tolstoy of Norway.
(995 - 1030 y.), From the dynasty of Harald Greske Greenlander, according to the decision of the Thing in Uppsala in 1017.
The wedding was to take place in the fall, on the Elv River - the border of the two states. In accordance with the agreements reached in the fall of 1018, Olaf II arrived at the border to meet with the bride and her father, but they were not there. The messengers sent to Sweden brought disappointing news: in the summer to Olaf Shötkonung (Skottkonung, but I would have understood the origin from Holofernes - “strong leader” and Shield of the king = prince), ambassadors arrived from Novgorod “Kenung Yaritsleiv” (Yaroslav the Wise), Swedish the king married his daughter to the son of the Kiev prince Yaroslav, the son of Vladimir - the future "ruler of all Kiev Rus", who then reigned in Novgorod. Olaf II married her half-sister Astrid. From which we conclude that Ingigerda was the eldest daughter of Shchetkonung, who married a second time and, after that, gave birth to a daughter, Astrid.
996 l. Establishing church tithes.
In 997 summer Varangian Eirik, the future ruler of Norway, attacked Ladoga. The first Ladoga fortress, which existed for over 100 years, was destroyed.
999 summer, (?) (493 years before the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus), a map of Vinland is dated on an old parchment with the outlines of the coast of North America, by the Scandinavian navigator Bjarnia Leif.
In the annals of Scandinavia: Bishop Eric of Greenland goes to Vinland. The text mentions Pope Paschal II, who ruled from 13.08.1099 years (!) To 21.01.1118 years. In their articles, many authors mean the name of the map, derived from the name of the person who "created the map", but here we see, "goes to Vin, land (" land of wines ", where one of the concepts of the word" wine "is a duty, from the meaning “Tribute.” You also need to pay attention to the fact that: the Pope is mentioned, who ruled only 100 years later. Apparently, the card cannot be 999 years old, but 1099 years, but this is still 393 years of difference)
1015 summer. June 15th. Death of Saint Vladimir Svyatoslavich. His table is occupied by Svyatopolk Vladimirovich (nicknamed the Damned), born a Greek woman and the widow of the Kiev prince Yaropolk Svayatoslavovich, Vladimir's concubine. She was already pregnant, but Vladimir is raising his son from Yaropolk as his own. After the death of Vladimir, the stepfather of Svyatopolk, Svyatopolk turns out to be the closest to Kiev and occupies the table (in those days, the Grand Duke was sitting not on the throne, a sign of Byzantium and Rome, but on an "atamanka", without a back and armrests, and with bolsters on the sides - a table From this "throne" = "upper table" and "capital city", "capital", and not from "one hundred persons").
1016 summer. Ingigerda arrived in Novgorod in the summer. According to the marriage contract as a dowry, Princess Ingigerda received the settlement of Aldeygyu'borg- (or burg = city, from 1703 years old town of Old Ladoga) with the adjacent lands, in the west they have since received the name of the land of Ingria (the land of Ingigerda, in Finnish pronunciation - “Inkerinmaa ), but brought a squad with her, and the mayor (jarl) of Ladoga (Aldeigyuborg) was appointed at the request of Ingigerda - Jarl of Western Göt'land (western part of Sweden, the city of Gothenburg = Eastern city of the land is ready) Rögnwald Ulvsson, Ingigerda's maternal relative. She moved in Novgorod to the Eastern (Orthodox) rite with the name Irina (consonant with Ingigerd). Ingigerda, knew the Slavic language since childhood, since her mother, Queen Astrid, was the daughter of the Obodrit prince, from where Rurik came out.
After the conquest of England by the Danes in 1016 years, the sons of the English king Edmund and the English princes - Edward and Edwin fled first to Ladoga, then to Novgorod, then to Kiev to Yaroslav and Ingigerd, and then to Hungary. After the death of Yaroslav, Irina took her hair as a nun. She died in Novgorod on February 10, 1056, and took a schema with the name Anna before her death. He tonsured Irina-Ingigerda at Anna, was the first in the grand ducal house, from him began the tradition of tonsuring Russian princes and princesses after fulfilling their duty - the rulers of the people.
1016 summer. Fall. Yaroslav (Yarilo = Sun + Goddess of Glory) Vladimirovich (Wise) began to reign in Novgorod. Decides to get ahead of Svyatopolk in his punitive campaign against Novgorodskaya land and, having summoned the Varazhskaya squad, goes on a counter-campaign against Svyatopolk. The meeting takes place near the city of Lyubech on the Dnieper. For three months the troops stood against each other, since the position chosen by Yaroslav was more advantageous for defense if Svyatopolk had decided to cross the river. Having weakened the enemy by standing for a long time, Yaroslav attacks and throws Svyatopolk from his position. Svyatopolk flees to Poland to his father-in-law.
August 14, 1018 summer. Svyatopolk Vladimirovich the Damned, with the help of his father-in-law, the Polish king Boreslav the Brave, defeats Yaroslav and regains the Kiev table for one year. But he quarreled with his father-in-law and kicks him out, left without military support. He buys the Pechenegs as allies - famous mercenaries of that time. In the battle on the Alta River, left without intelligent leadership from Boreslav, he loses the battle and on the way to Poland dies of his wounds in January 1019.
1019 summer in the month of January Yaroslav Vladimirovich returns to Kiev now before January 19, 1054 summer.
1054 summer is the month of February. Izyaslav Yaroslavovich takes over from his father, but is overthrown in the summer of 1068 by a popular uprising.
1067 summer March 3. After being defeated in the battle on the Nemiga River, Vseslav Bryachislavovich Polotsky was captured.
1068 Summer 15 September begins to rule Vseslav Bryachislavovich Polotsky. This is the only one from the Polovtsian branch of Rurikovich on the Kiev table, released from prison during the uprising and planted by the rebels on the Kiev table until April 19, 1069.
1069 summer 2 May. Izyaslav Yaroslavich ruled, but in the summer of 1073 flees from Kiev to Poland in March
1073 summer March 22 rises to the table Svyatoslav Yaroslavovich and ruled until December 1076.
In the first campaign, the Mughals (in the Russian description of the gate that came to Kalka they called the "Trkmeny", but about this 1223 summer.) Passed through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, Khorezm, passed through the Caucasus, defeated the Polovtsy Khan Kotyan and Khan Yuri Konchakovich, and ended with a battle on the river Calca. And there were 30 thousand of them = 3 tumens of 10 thousand horsemen *. All Mongols then numbered about 700,000. In the second campaign, Batu's army was 30,000, not counting the carts. Mogo, s - we remember the "Great Mogul", as the Mongols themselves say. * In 1941, in the Red Army, the cavalry division numbered about 3 thousand horsemen, three divisions - the cavalry.
Many peoples got their names from neighboring peoples, but they all had their own names: Chechens - Nokhchi or Vainakhs (Varnaks?), Germans (Germans) - Alemans, (the word "Germans" itself comes from a dumb, unable to speak, and referred to all foreigners), Albanians - Skentarii (shkiptarians), Hungarians - Magyars. The Hungarians lived in the middle reaches of the Ob, in the area of Tobolsk and Tyumen. South of Khanty and Mansi. The Ougrs, or rather the still Magyars, who began the great migration, founded an empire. The headquarters of the leader of the Huns Atila became the Pannonian lowland. In the "Song of the Nibelungs" Attila is referred to as Etzel. The empire collapsed in the middle of the 5th century. The Magyars, who were called the Huns or the Huns, the Hungra in the country of Hungaria (Hungary), remained in Panonia. Bulgars, subjects of the Kazan kingdom. Tajiks are Persians.
Author: Shasherin Pavel