The question of the origin and settlement of the Aryan tribes - the progenitors of today's people who speak the Indo-European group of languages, and European civilization is still open. Many scientists believe that the Aryans were a separate race, an independent ethnic formation, and their ancestral home was located in the Arctic Circle. The traditional theories of the northern location of the cradle of the Aryans cause heated discussions, the content of which changes after new discoveries and causes heated debate among scientists. It has not yet been possible to accurately localize the alleged homeland of the Aryans due to the lack of scientific facts. Only the approximate time of the arrival of the Aryans in Mesopotamia and India (middle of the 2nd millennium BC) is reliably known, but where they came from remains a mystery to this day.
Russian historians at the beginning of the 19th century. considered the homeland of the Aryans in the upper reaches of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, where, according to tradition, the place of settlement of one of the tribes of the Japhet tribe1 was determined. According to sacred scripture, after the flood, all the peoples living on earth today originated from the three sons of Noah - Shem, Ham and Japheth. The tribe of Japheth gave rise to our ancient ancestors - the Aryans, which in the ancient language meant - respectable, excellent. According to ancient descriptions, the characteristic ethnic features of the Aryans were: tall stature, fair skin, blue eyes, brown hair, a long skull and a narrow face, a high forehead and a narrow "Greek" nose. However, today the Asian hypothesis of the origin of the Indo-Europeans is denied by most linguists, and there is no archaeological evidence in its favor. According to British archaeologist and historian Gordon Child,who devoted a special study to the problem of the Aryans at the beginning of the 20th century, 2, the theory of the northern European cradle of Indo-Europeans in Scandinavia can be considered the most grounded, it was developed in detail and supported by archaeological finds. However, in 1930 this theory was rejected by the majority of experts and it was replaced by another concept, which also has many supporters among scientists, which speaks of the Dnieper-Volga interfluve, from where the Indo-Europeans began to settle in all directions. The search for the ancestral home of the Aryans continues to this day.this theory was rejected by the majority of experts and it was replaced by another concept, which also has many supporters among scientists, which speaks of the Dnieper-Volga interfluve, from where the Indo-Europeans began to settle in all directions. The search for the ancestral home of the Aryans continues to this day.this theory was rejected by the majority of experts and it was replaced by another concept, which also has many supporters among scientists, which speaks of the Dnieper-Volga interfluve, from where the Indo-Europeans began to settle in all directions. The search for the ancestral home of the Aryans continues to this day.
The discoveries of the last two decades by archaeologists in the southern Trans-Urals more than twenty cities at the turn of the III-II millennium BC have become a world sensation: Arkaim (opened in 1987), Sarym-Sakly, Sintashta, Ustye, Aland, etc., called “A country of cities”. Radiocarbon analysis yielded two groups of dates that determine the age of Arkaim: the 18th – 16th and 21st – 20th centuries. BC. According to one of the working hypotheses of scientists, this is a possible ancestral home of the ancient Indo-Iranians - the Aryans, which historians and linguists cannot determine for a long time. However, it is very difficult to prove from the found artifacts to whom these cities actually belonged. Therefore, a number of other places claim to be the true homeland of the Aryans. Among the conclusions of archaeologists based on the results of excavations in recent years, a new hypothesis has appeared thatthat the Aryans could be the so-called Andronovites - cattle breeders and farmers of the Bronze Age, who lived in the south of Siberia and Kazakhstan in the II millennium BC. According to Doctor of Historical Sciences A. Matveev, the ancestral home of the mysterious Aryans is the Ingalskaya Valley, located in the south of the Tyumen Region, between the Iset and Tobol rivers, a tributary of the Irtysh.
Once a small number of Indo-Iranian tribes compactly lived together in a small area and called themselves "Arya". The well-known term "Aryan peoples" came from them. According to scientists, by the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. The Indo-Aryans left their northern ancestral homeland, at the same time divided into two branches, Indo-Iranian and Iranian, and went south to India. The Aryans were the creators of the famous religion of fire worshipers and left behind outstanding written monuments "Rig Veda" and "Avesta", which contain a description of the ancestral home and polar phenomena. It is they who are credited with the first information about the polar location of Meru in ancient times. Scientists often refer to the text of these ancient monuments, finding direct analogies of the excavated objects with the description in the Avesta.
Arkaim is the remains of an ancient fortress city with adjacent farm sites, a burial ground and a number of unfortified settlements. It is also believed that he could have served as an ancient observatory. It is located in the steppes of the Southern Urals, south of Magnitogorsk, where the border between Europe and Asia passes. All buildings of the Arkaim time are soil-wooden. Raw small-piece bricks and large-sized blocks were made from the base of the soil. Particular strength was achieved with cementitious agents (carbonate, gypsum). One of the technologies is layer-by-layer pouring of liquid soil into the formwork and then drying. A similar technology in the construction of housing is described in some parts of the text of the "Avesta": "This is what Ahura-Mazda said to Yime …" Oh, wonderful Yima, son of Vivahvat,… And you make Var … the size of a horse's race on all four sides for housing people and the size of a horse's race on all four sides for housing cattle. Bring water there, … build meadows there, … build houses, and rooms, and sheds, and fences and fences there. " Yima thought so. “How can I make Varu. Which did Ahura-Mazda tell me about? " And then Ahura-Mazda said to Yima: "Oh, beautiful Yima, … push the earth with your heels and bend your hands like people sculpt wet earth" / Avesta. Videvdat /. For the sake of objectivity, it is worth noting that the construction of clay bricks was characteristic of Assyrian and Babylonian architecture, long before the arrival of the Aryans, therefore the presence of adobe bricks in Arkaim is a completely unconvincing argument to associate Arkaim with the Aryans.and sheds, and fences and fences. " Yima thought so. “How can I make Varu. Which did Ahura-Mazda tell me about? " And then Ahura-Mazda said to Yima: "Oh, beautiful Yima, … push the earth with your heels and bend your hands like people sculpt wet earth" / Avesta. Videvdat /. For the sake of objectivity, it is worth noting that the construction of clay bricks was characteristic of Assyrian and Babylonian architecture, long before the arrival of the Aryans, therefore the presence of adobe bricks in Arkaim is a completely unconvincing argument to associate Arkaim with the Aryans.and sheds, and fences and fences. " Yima thought so. “How can I make Varu. Which did Ahura-Mazda tell me about? " And then Ahura-Mazda said to Yima: "Oh, beautiful Yima, … push the earth with your heels and bend your hands like people sculpt wet earth" / Avesta. Videvdat /. For the sake of objectivity, it is worth noting that the construction of clay bricks was characteristic of Assyrian and Babylonian architecture, long before the arrival of the Aryans, therefore the presence of adobe bricks in Arkaim is a completely unconvincing argument to associate Arkaim with the Aryans.was characteristic of Assyrian and Babylonian architecture, long before the arrival of the Aryans there, therefore, the presence of adobe bricks in Arkaim is a completely unconvincing argument to associate Arkaim with the Aryans.was characteristic of Assyrian and Babylonian architecture, long before the arrival of the Aryans there, therefore, the presence of adobe bricks in Arkaim is a completely unconvincing argument to associate Arkaim with the Aryans.
The researchers of Arkaim also drew attention to one of the concepts of the Rig Veda - the most ancient monument of Indian literature, designated by the word "vrijana". It occurs over fifty times in the text and denotes different things: “fenced-in place”, “cattle corral”, “dwelling”, “several dwellings”, “all people living in one place”, “army”, “village”.
The crowded adobe structures adjoining closely to each other, in the excavated Arkaim, are suitable for all the above characteristics. In the "Veda of the Slavs" such a city is called Kayle-grad, i.e. a round city. In the plan, Arkaim represents two rings of earthen ramparts inscribed one into the other with 4 passages in the outer ditch, in the geometric center of which there is a flat rectangular area. The ramparts are the remains of defensive walls made of soil, mud blocks and wood. The diameter of the outer wall is about 145 m, the inner one is 85 m. The thickness of the outer wall at the base is 4–5 meters. It is surrounded by a moat 1.5–2.5 meters deep. The thickness of the inner wall is smaller - 3-4 meters. Archaeologists have unearthed spiral-like structures that are unlike anything else, with powerful double defensive walls 5 meters high,stacked of soil blocks in combination with wooden pillars dug in vertically, melting furnaces, craft workshops, granite figurines of long-eared people not found in the known cultures of the world. The two-wheeled war chariots found in the Arkaim graves are now recognized as the oldest in the world. The inner part of the city was completely isolated from the outer part of the city by a wall 7 meters high and 3 meters wide. The geometry of the buildings in Arkaim is clearly verified, which makes it possible to put forward a hypothesis about the astronomical purpose of the buildings. Everyone entering the city passed through spiraling passages, in the direction of the sun, clockwise. In the plan, the city of Arkaim resembles the image of the mysterious northern Shambhala on the Tibetan tanka - the same ring structure with two protective perimeters of walls. The basis of the layout of Arkaim is two concentric rings of walls, two rings of dwellings and a circular street. In the center is a square area.
Aerial view of the excavations Country of cities. Southern Trans-Urals
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Aerial photographs show different city layouts: early - oval (ovoid) and late - circular and square. All cities are united by a single architectural style. Historian G. B. Zdanovich, director of the historical and archaeological complex "Arkaim" notes that Arkaim reflects the principle of the mandala, he writes: “Arkaim surprises with its degree of preservation. A primitive monument lying in the steppe, and such a state of preservation, when houses are visible, squares and defensive structures are visible, and sometimes dams and roads are a huge rarity. This doesn't happen. It's just a phenomenon. … The symbolism of the circle is close to the mandala principle. This concept is first encountered in the Rig Veda, meaning "wheel", "ring", "country", "space", "society". The ring structure of the settlement with common walls and exits oriented to the center prompted researchers to thinkthat the buildings of Arkaim reflect the principle of the mandala - "the circle of time" 3.
The Slavic "Book of Veles" reports about the exodus of the Aryan peoples from the north, and the construction of cities along the way of their movement, which they later also abandoned when the Aryans moved even further south. Proto-city Arkaim was accidentally discovered in 1987 at the confluence of the Utyaganka and Karaganka rivers and immediately became a world sensation. He turned out to be the same age as the Egyptian pyramids and the famous Stonehenge in England. According to scientists, unique remains of one of the most ancient civilizations of mankind have been discovered, perhaps these are the cities of the Aryans, whose homeland was still unknown. Scientists have yet to prove this, since no direct evidence of this hypothesis has yet been found, but there are some overlaps with the description in ancient texts. According to research on anthropological materials (remains of human skeletons),the population of the proto-city centers of the Southern Trans-Urals of the 18th – 16th centuries. BC. was Caucasian, with no noticeable signs of Mongoloid features. The Arkaim type of man is close to the population of the ancient Yama culture, which occupied vast areas of the Eurasian steppes in the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age. It is interesting to note that during the excavations, shards of pottery with swastika signs depicted on it were found.
The territory of the "Country of cities" stretches for 350 km from north to south along the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains. The most mysterious thing is that, according to archaeological excavations, the ancient inhabitants left their cities in an organized manner, just as the Mayans left their cities on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico for some unknown reason. In contrast to the Mayan exodus from their cities, Arkaim was preliminarily set on fire, having previously taken out everything of value from their dwellings. The descendants were left with only adobe walls and some questions for historians and researchers. It is suggested that the inhabitants of the "Country of Cities" - the Aryans left their settlements in an organized manner due to the cold snap on the planet to the south. Nevertheless, the scientific material available to date is still insufficient for Arkaim to be recognized as the unconditional homeland of the Aryans.
In 1999, on the shores of Lake Orog-Nuur in Mongolia, I was extremely surprised to hear the confirmation of the legend from a local resident, who not only heard about the White Island, but also confidently showed its location on a modern map: “on a 300-meter ledge located in the steppe, about 70–90 km northwest of Lake Orog-Nuur. The Bayan-Tsaagan-Uul mountain range with a height of 3452 meters is a very suitable object in order to hide not only a small community, but also an entire city. It is here that travelers have repeatedly met unusually tall people with long hair and an elongated face, avoiding any contact. White Mountain and the nearest mountains of Altai Altai are known for numerous finds indicating that a person lived here 700 thousand years ago. Research conducted in the area since 1995. The Russian-American-Mongolian archaeological expedition identified the zones that scientists believe are key for solving the problem of the initial human development of the central regions of Asia.
The history of Central Asia is reflected in the most detail in the classical works of Russian orientalists N. Ya. Bichurina, L. N. Gumilyov, G. E. Grumm-Grzhimailo, etc. In their scientific works, which remain the most authoritative sources of information about ancient Asia, the entire history of nomadic tribes known today, the rise and fall of ethnic groups, the birth and disintegration of powerful empires is traced. Among the large number of nationalities that have inhabited the Gobi steppe areas alternately for centuries, scientists have identified a mysterious ancient white race of Caucasoid appearance, the origin of which is still unclear. Chinese chronicles of the 3rd millennium BC report about the ancient peoples of Di and Dinlins, who lived from time immemorial in Central Asia. Their distinctive feature was European facial features: an elongated face, white skin color, light eyes, blond hair. In the genealogical tree of Asian peoples, the Dinlins are located at its base, from which then the peoples of the Chinese-Xia, Xianbi, Huns, Turks, etc. appeared. The homeland of the mysterious Dinlins and Di tribes, Chinese chroniclers call the "sandy land of Shasai", as the modern Gobi desert was called in ancient times. In those days, the Gobi was not so arid and deserted, there were more steppe areas and oases with lakes and forests in it. The Chinese chronicles provide extremely scant information about the Dinlins. From the ancient Chinese indication "Bei-shy" it is known that the popular name di changed to dinlin when they moved to the northern side of the Gobi Desert and moved to the south of Siberia. Subsequently, the Chinese called the Sayan Mountains in their chronicles "Dinlin".e. The homeland of the mysterious Dinlins and Di tribes, Chinese chroniclers call the "sandy land of Shasai", as in ancient times they called the modern Gobi desert. In those days, the Gobi was not so arid and deserted, there were more steppe areas and oases with lakes and forests in it. The Chinese chronicles provide extremely scant information about the Dinlins. From the ancient Chinese indication "Bei-shy" it is known that the popular name di changed to dinlin when they moved to the northern side of the Gobi Desert and moved to the south of Siberia. Subsequently, the Chinese called the Sayan Mountains in their chronicles "Dinlin".e. The homeland of the mysterious Dinlins and Di tribes, Chinese chroniclers call the "sandy land of Shasai", as in ancient times they called the modern Gobi desert. In those days, the Gobi was not so arid and deserted, there were more steppe areas and oases with lakes and forests in it. The Chinese chronicles provide extremely scant information about the Dinlins. From the ancient Chinese indication "Bei-shy" it is known that the popular name di changed to dinlin when they moved to the northern side of the Gobi Desert and moved to the south of Siberia. Subsequently, the Chinese called the Sayan Mountains in their chronicles "Dinlin". The Chinese chronicles provide extremely scant information about the Dinlins. It is known from the ancient Chinese designation "Bei-shy" that the popular name di changed to dinlin when they moved to the northern side of the Gobi Desert and moved to the south of Siberia. Subsequently, the Chinese called the Sayan Mountains in their chronicles "Dinlin". The Chinese chronicles provide extremely scant information about the Dinlins. From the ancient Chinese indication "Bei-shy" it is known that the popular name di changed to dinlin when they moved to the northern side of the Gobi Desert and moved to the south of Siberia. Subsequently, the Chinese called the Sayan Mountains in their chronicles "Dinlin".
In recent years, new evidence and hypotheses have emerged about dinlins4. Dinlins of Caucasoid appearance are mentioned in chronicles from the end of the 3rd century. BC, they live between the upper Yenisei and the "northern sea" (Baikal). That is, in addition to the population of the Tarim oases, unnamed by the Chinese, known to the Greeks as the Sers, there was another Caucasian population on the northern borders of China, these are Usuns (Asians) and Yuzhchi (Yatii).
Several centuries earlier, in the 7th-6th centuries BC, in the Yellow River basin itself, the Chinese fought against the Caucasoid tribes Di. The Chinese mingled with them - hence the ancient Chinese had prominent noses and lush beards, and some of their heroes had blue eyes (Gumilev 1959). Chinese sources confuse di with dinlins, apparently due to the convergence in the late sound of the names, and, based on this, Grum-Grzhimailo built a hypothesis about pushing di to the northwest and turning them into Dinlins, but Gumilev is probably right about that. that these are different peoples.
The indication "Bei-shy" is also confirmed by the Chinese inscription on the Orkhon monument, erected in 732, which says that a sandy country bordering on China, i.e. the southern outskirts of the Gobi, was the homeland of the Dinlins5.
G. E. Grumm-Grzhimailo in the third volume of his work "Western Mongolia and the Uryankhai Territory" writes: "Approaching the peoples of the Indo-Chinese group in language, the Dinlins in their physical characteristics and mental characteristics belonged to that blond race, which some anthropologists consider primitive in Europe."
Whether there is any connection between the ancient blond race, which is home to the Gobi, with the mythical White Island or the mysterious Spiritual Center in the Gobi is unknown. Is it possible to assume that the White Island existed in the Gobi at a time not so distant, namely in the III millennium BC, when, according to the testimony of geologists, there were no longer large inland seas in this area?
The famous American clairvoyant Evans Cayce, along with widely known reports about Atlantis, also left mysterious indications of the existence of an ancient civilization on the land of the modern Mongols. Treasure hunters may be inspired by the following information.
“At that time, this individual used in his work a metal we know as iron, as well as an alloy of iron and copper that has not been used by people since then. This alloy of copper with a small admixture of iron made the copper hardened. Such copper was used in Egypt, Peru and parts of the Chaldean land. Objects from this alloy can be found in an Indo-Chinese city that has not yet been discovered ("reading" 470-22).
In the country of the Gobi, this individual was a priestess in the Golden Temple, which has yet to be excavated (2402-2).
This personality lived in the land of Mongolia, or Gobi, and was one of the princesses. A statuette with her image, made of pure gold, can be found in the Golden Temple (1167-2) 6.
According to his "readings", when the Atlanteans for 10.5 thousand years BC. moved to Egypt and Central America, there was the Gobi country, to which the envoys of the Atlanteans were sent. In his readings there are phrases: "He was a translator from the Atlantean and Gobi languages … He trained envoys to the Gobi country" (readings 1847-1 and 3420-1). Prophecy Evans Cayce (1167-2): “In the country of the Gobi, on the land of modern Mongolia, a city with a Golden Temple will be excavated, where a female statuette made of pure gold and objects made of such an alloy of iron and copper, which have not been used by people since then ". Evans Keyes's prophecy has not yet come true. Archaeological excavations have confirmed the existence on the territory of modern Mongolia in the III-II millennium BC. a large center for the production of copper and bronze. The found ancient gold objects amaze jewelers with their filigree processing and a refined golden pattern as thick as a human hair, the secret of making which has been lost in time, but no one has yet managed to find traces of the so often mentioned "Gobi civilization".
It is unlikely that it will be possible to restore the real picture of the "first times" and accurately identify the ancient mythological names with modern coordinates on the geographical map. The linking of hypothetical holy lands to modern sites is very conditional and their definition on a modern map, due to the lack of accurate evidence, in most cases remains controversial. In historical chronicles and legends, the White Island was located beyond the Arctic Circle, it is believed that where the ancient Aryans came from - the ancestors of white people.
1. A. Nechvolodov. The Legend of the Russian Land. M., 2006, p. 22.
2. Gordon Child. Aryans. The founders of European civilization. M., 2005
3. Arkaim. Chelyabinsk, 1995
4. Kiselev (1949) and Chlenova (1967) attributed the Tashtyk culture of the Minusinsk depression to the Dinlins. Dinlins moved to China in droves. A certain degree of Caucasianism of the Tashtyk population is visible in its masks, but the masks also show a strong Mongoloid admixture. Further strengthening of the latter due to infiltration (Dinlins?) Led to the formation of a mixed appearance of the Yenisei Kyrgyz (Khakass) of the early Middle Ages.
5. G. E. Grumm-Grzhimailo. Blond race in Central Asia. SPb., 1908
6. Edgar Evans Casey. The great clairvoyant Edgar Cayce about Atlantis. M., 2002, p. 159.
Sergei Volkov