On the territory of the modern Samara region and Tatarstan, there is the Zavolzhsky Historical Wall. The height of the earthen rampart is about 4 - 5 meters, width - up to 10 meters, depth - up to 3, and every 10-12 kilometers along the rampart, fortresses and redoubts were built. The total length of the Zavolzhsky swell is at least two thousand kilometers. There is an official version about who built the long earthen rampart. According to her, in the 17th and 18th centuries, the imperial dignitaries ordered the construction of this grandiose structure in order to protect it from nomads. However, many modern researchers are sure that these fortifications were built on an archaeological site that existed much earlier.
The earthen embankment along which the ditch stretches is not well preserved. In some places, local residents set up spontaneous garbage dumps, in others, they set up vegetable gardens and grow potatoes. The best preserved fragments are between Samara and Krasny Yar, on a site located near the village of Vodino. There the Zavolzhsky swell is most noticeable, has a maximum height, and a ditch - the maximum depth.
Official domestic science is still not very actively involved in the study of the historical past of the Zavolzhsky swell. It is believed that it represents the remains of Russian defensive fortifications. But those who are studying this unique structure believe that in the 18th century the rampart was only reconstructed.
There are several strong arguments in favor of this opinion. One of them is the enormous size of the Historical Wall, even by today's standards. It is difficult or even almost impossible to imagine the amount of labor and time that was allegedly spent on the construction of this structure. And if we also take into account the corresponding construction tools that were at the disposal of the settlers at that time, then this construction in general may seem like something fantastic.
Another argument is the directionality of the shaft. The official version of its construction says that it was supposed to protect the settlers from the steppe nomads who attacked from the east. But the Zavolzhsky swell is facing west.
Therefore, some modern archaeologists have begun to re-examine the mysterious earthen rampart. And according to their latest conclusions, the approximate age of the shaft is 4000 years. The same amount of time and one more no less mysterious archaeological site - the city of Arkaim. The ancient city is located on the territory of the Southern Urals and was once a cultural center of some ancient and still little-studied civilization.
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But it was this civilization that already possessed knowledge of metallurgical production and could well have built such a grandiose structure. Val, most likely, was supposed to protect the inhabitants of Arkaim from the raids of the Germanic and Finno-Ugric tribes. But for unknown reasons, representatives of the ancient civilization suddenly left their city and went into the caves. In local folklore, there are legends about cave dwellers who were the descendants of some once developed ancient civilization. Some researchers even associate this place with the name of Zarathustra and believe that it was here that the famous prophet was born and lived.