More than a hundred different ethnic groups lived on the territory of the Russian Empire. As the state expanded, the smallest of them were absorbed by the larger peoples - Russians, Tatars, Adygs, Latvians.
Bukharians
It would be more correct to call Bukhars an ethnosocial group, which migrating from Central Asia, settled mainly in the territory of Western Siberia. The ethnic component of the Bukharians is complex: Tajik, Uyghur, Uzbek, and to a lesser extent Kazakh, Karakalpak and Kyrgyz national features are found in it. Bukharians spoke two languages - Persian and Chagatai. The main specialization of this group was the merchants, although missionaries, artisans and farmers met.
The number of Bukharans in Siberia began to increase sharply after the simplification of the conditions for accepting Russian citizenship. So if in 1686-1687 there were 29 Bukhara households in the Tyumen district, then in 1701 their number reached 49. Bukharians often settled together with the Siberian Tatars, gradually assimilating with them. Perhaps this was due to the fact that, even living on the same territory with the Tatars, the Bukharians had less rights.
Ethnographers believe that it was the people of Bukhara who taught one of the traditional types of craft - the leatherworking of Siberian Tatars. Thanks to the people of Bukhara beyond the Urals, the first educational institutions, the first national library, and the first stone mosque appeared.
Despite the fact that Bukhara volost existed in the Tara district of the Tobolsk province until the beginning of the 20th century, this ethnos actually disappeared even before the collapse of the Russian Empire. The last time the word Bukharan in the national sense occurs in the 1926 census of the peoples of the USSR. After that, only the inhabitants of the Uzbek Bukhara were called Bukharans.
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Crewing
Today, the Creving ("Krewinni" - "Rusaks") are on the one hand Russified, on the other, a Finno-Ugric tribe assimilated by Latvians, inhabiting from the middle of the 15th to the end of the 19th century the Bausky district of the Kurland province in the vicinity of the village of Memelgof. Tradition says that the forefathers of the Crewing originally inhabited the island of Ezel (today the largest island in the Moonsund archipelago), but were bought by the owner of Memelhof and resettled to their own lands to replace the peasants who died from the plague.
However, historians trust the version more, according to which in the middle of the 15th century the German knights, by order of the Landmeister of the Teutonic Order in Livonia, Heinrich Vincke, during one of their raids, captured a group of the Finno-Ugric people of Vodi and sent them to Bausk (the territory of present-day Latvia). Subsequently, their descendants formed a new ethnos - the Crewing. The knights used the crewing as a labor force to build fortifications that protected Livonia from the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in particular, they erected the Bauska castle, which has survived to this day.
In 1846, the Russian linguist Andrei Sjögren discovered about a dozen Crewinges near the capital of Courland, Mitava, who still retained vague knowledge of their ancestors and language - the so-called Crewing dialect, which is now extinct. By the beginning of the 20th century, the Crewing actually merged with the Latvians, differing from them only in their traditional costume.
Sayan Samoyedians
If one part of the Samoyed peoples, for example, the Nenets, Nganasans, Selkups, still live in Siberia - in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Region, Taimyr and Krasnoyarsk Territory, the other has already sunk into oblivion. We are talking about the Sayan Samoyeds, who once inhabited the mountain taiga Sayan (within the southern part of the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory) and spoke, according to the linguist Eugene Khelimsky, in two dialects that are not related to each other.
The first Sayan Samoyedians were discovered by the Swedish officer and geographer Philip Johann von Stralenberg, as reported in 1730 in his book "Historical and geographical description of the northern and eastern parts of Europe and Asia"; later this nation was studied by the German naturalist Peter Pallas and the Russian historian Gerhard Miller. By the beginning of the 20th century, practically all Sayan Samoyeds were assimilated by the Khakass, partly by the Tuvinians, Western Buryats and Russians.
Teptyari
Historians have not yet come to a consensus about who the Teptyars are. Some call them fugitive Tatars who did not want to submit to Ivan the Terrible after the capture of Kazan, others consider them to be representatives of different nationalities - Tatars, Chuvashes, Bashkirs, Mari, Russians, who have turned into a separate class.
In the 19th century, the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary wrote that "Teptyars are a people living among the Bashkirs in the amount of 117 thousand souls, which was formed from various fugitive elements of the Volga Finns and Chuvash, who over time merged with the Bashkirs."
In 1790, the Teptyars were transferred to the category of the military-service class, from which the Teptyar regiments were formed. Later they were transferred to the subordination of the Orenburg military governor. During the Patriotic War of 1812, the 1st Teptyar Regiment took part in hostilities as part of the separate Cossack Corps of Ataman Platov. After the establishment of power by the Bolsheviks, the Teptyars lost their right to national self-determination.
Tubintsy
In Russian historiography, the Tuba tribe, which was part of the Adyghe peoples, has been known since the 18th century. Tsarist general Ivan Blaramberg in his "Historical, topographic, statistical, ethnographic and military description of the Caucasus" reported: "The Tubins are one of the isolated societies of the Abedzekh tribe and speak the same dialect of the Circassian language. They are daring and occupy the most high-mountainous and hard-to-reach areas near the rivers Pchega and Sgagvash, right up to the snowy peaks, the southern slopes of the snowy mountains. By the end of the Caucasian Wars, the Tuba people were assimilated by other mountain peoples.
Turalians
According to many researchers of Siberia, in particular Gerhard Miller, Siberian Tatars, who settled in the territories between the Irtysh and Tobol rivers, were called Turalians. It was a special ethnic group of the Turkic-Tatar tribe, similar in customs to the Kazan Tatars, with some admixture of Mongoloid features.
For the first time, Yermak met with the Turalians, who destroyed their settlements Epanchin and Chingi-Turu and subdued this tribe to the Russian crown. The Turalians were mainly engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding and fishing, to a small extent in hunting and trade. By the beginning of the 18th century, the overwhelming majority of the Turalins adopted Orthodoxy and soon became Russified.
Taras Repin
