"It could turn traditional ideas about human history upside down." This is how the world mass media comment on a number of publications in the Russian and American press, published almost simultaneously. They contained excerpts from a new book by the famous Russian publisher and political scientist, editor-in-chief of a number of newspapers and magazines Gennady Klimov.
He expressed the unexpected idea that European civilization was formed by immigrants from the territory of Russia and that in the middle reaches of the Don, in the area of the village of Kostenki, there was the first city on earth, which ruled the first world empire of Arata. The book provides a reconstruction of the history of mankind in the period from 45 to 7 thousand years ago. The idea was expressed that in many respects modern science underestimates the level of development of civilization of that period. According to Gennady Klimov, the people of that time were in no way inferior to today's people, and in many ways were superior to them. Soon an article by Professor John Hoffecker from the University of Colorado appeared in the American magazine "Sines" that the artifacts found at an archaeological site in the Paleolithic settlement of Kostenki (now a village in the Voronezh region) suggest thatthat modern man lived in this area 45 thousand years ago. Earlier than anywhere else in Europe. And from here began the settlement of the continent.
Gennady Klimov said that he knows where to look for the main temple complex of the most ancient civilization on earth. He also said that he was organizing, with the support of a number of Russian media, a concession for an integrated expedition, which includes both archaeologists and specialists in related fields. It is known that he is going to attract specialists in space imagery.
So who will be the first to find the treasures of Arata, which, according to some experts, may overshadow the wealth of the Egyptian pharaohs?
Alternative history
One of the authors of the article, Professor John Hoffecker from the University of Colorado i Boulder (USA), is surprised to find such early evidence of the presence of modern people in Kostenki: “This is probably the coldest and driest part of central Europe and the last place where we would expect to see them . Until now, there was a generally accepted opinion that homo sapiens began settling in Europe from the favorable southern territories of present-day Turkey, Greece, and Bulgaria. Now an international group of archaeologists, including Russian scientists, believes that they have discovered an alternative, perhaps earlier, route for people to penetrate the European continent from Africa - from the east through Asia. Professor Hoffecker suggests that a possible reason for their migration could be the absence of Neanderthals in these places - competitors in the struggle for resources.
And here is what Gennady Klimov says about this: “Archaeological data are not enough to reconstruct the events of that period. It is necessary to compare them with data on climate change on Earth, and also to use the mythology of the peoples of the Indo-European group, whose center of birth really falls on the middle reaches of the Don. But this is not enough either. About a thousand kilometers north of Kostenki, on the Valdai ridge (the border of modern Tver and Vologda regions) was another center of the birth of modern civilization. These two centers interacted and complemented each other. People lived here more than 50 thousand years ago. Almost all the peoples of Europe came from here. But not only. For example, Iranians also come from here."
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Great-great-great-revolution
It is known that during the ice age in the upper reaches of the Don, along with the Arctic fox, fox, wolf, hare, mammoths, bison, rhinos, wild horses were found - in a word, large prey, which attracted people who lived mainly by hunting to these parts. Although they were engaged in collecting, and crafts, and even artistic creation. All this is evidenced by the finds of archaeologists: tools of labor and hunting, jewelry, animal bones. By the found stripped carcasses of Arctic foxes, one can even determine that they were used not for food, but specifically for making clothes. Undoubtedly, primitive fashionistas looked more elegant in arctic fox coats than in mammoth skins: the hair of a shaggy mastodon was almost a meter long. Outwardly, the inhabitants of the ancient Kostenki looked the same as we do, only their physique was more massive, stronger. Although they did not live long - an average of thirty years,the elders lived to be sixty. According to Gennady Klimov, it was in these places that the wheel was first invented and the horse was tamed. It was then that people invented mathematics, and the supreme caste was fond of astrology and astronomy. Philosophy and poetry emerged. The first technological and industrial revolution takes place. Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy appears.
Finds that amazed archaeologists
The world-famous archaeological complex near the village of Kostenki, Voronezh Region, has been explored since the 1920s. Scientists have found more than 30 sites here. Scientists from the USA, Great Britain, Italy and other countries also take part in the work, at the expense of various grants.
Coming out to the lower layer of the excavations of the last years of Kostenki-14, the researchers stumbled upon a site of the Upper Paleolithic period, where they found human teeth and many flint tools, bone and stone, works of art characteristic of the Cro-Magnons; seashells that could only be brought from the Black Sea coast. However, the perfect technique of sawing, drilling, grinding and the highest quality of the products turned out to be absolutely analogous to the objects of the Neolithic era found in the southern Russian and Ukrainian steppes, that is, made 30-35 thousand years later!
And these circumstances completely destroy traditional ideas: as if the lower the layer and the more ancient the era, the more primitive its culture.
The period of existence of the Cro-Magnon, the first representative of a modern human species, is also lengthening - he appeared earlier than it is written about in textbooks. Proof of this is the fact that new artifacts were found below a layer of volcanic ash about 40 thousand years old.
The head of one of the expedition groups, Mikhail Anikovich, says: “We found that nowhere in Europe can we trace the evolution from the Middle Paleolithic (Neanderthal man period) to the Upper (Cro-Magnon period). The Upper Paleolithic was brought to Europe from the outside. Our excavations have confirmed that the Upper Paleolithic could not have come to the Middle Don from the south or southwest. And from the Caucasus, too, could not. And where the Cro-Magnons came from remains to be seen. Perhaps (this is not even a hypothesis yet, but thoughts aloud), they came from the east, from Altai, for example."
Middle lands of Arata
In the opinion of Gennady Klimov, they did not come from anywhere, but simply here they acquired some new abilities of consciousness (the transition from a method of thinking based on analysis to a method of thinking based on synthesis). And Negroids, periodically migrating here from Africa, became the genetic material, but due to their long residence in the north and the special structure of the ancient society, their mutation occurred - a modern type of white man was formed. Moreover, before the collapse of matriarchal society, the white man was more perfect than now. And migration from Africa in those days was facilitated by the fact that the Black Sea did not exist yet. Nevertheless, the huge city in the vicinity of Kostenki played a different role in different eras. At first, it was a collection point for migrants for their further movement to northern Hyperborea. And in later centuries, these lands became the middle lands of the ancient country of Arata.
“I'm not sure,” says Gennady Klimov, “that Kostenki is a camp of ancient hunters.
Where did you see a parking lot that existed in one place for 35 thousand years. There is something else here. Maybe the mammoth bones laid out in a circle are maps of the Earth or the starry sky? I think the main finds that will turn the whole idea of world history should be sought not far from Kostenki, but not in them.
With the help of spore-pollen analysis, paleomagnetic and radiocarbon methods, Russian scientists determined the age of the finds at about 40-42 thousand years. However, later the news came from American laboratories: research by the thermoluminescent method "extended" the age of the artifacts from 42 thousand to 45 thousand years! Now the opinions of experts are divided: which method should be trusted more? Be that as it may, the head of the Kostenki-14 project, Andrei Sinitsyn, believes that the data obtained still needs to be rechecked over and over again. Moreover, in archeology, any theory is correct only for today, and tomorrow the idea of the history of civilization can turn over with one swing of a shovel in an excavation.
Source: “Interesting newspaper. Mysteries of Civilization №22. E. Petrov