Let's return once again to one of the most famous mysteries of humanity. By the way, we have already discussed this. And we talked about the Codex Seraphinianus. But this time we are offered a new version of the Voynich manuscript solution
Is it true that the most mysterious book in the world is a medieval instruction for a first aid kit in Hebrew? Canadian artificial intelligence experts claim to have finally identified the language in which the mysterious 600-year-old manuscript is written, which has baffled generations of cryptographers and linguists. What is the Voynich manuscript, and was the computer really able to do again what a person could not do?
What book are we talking about?
The Voynich manuscript is a medieval document without a cover, the meaning and purpose of which are so vague that some conspiracy theorists claim that it was written by aliens.
One of the main versions: the manuscript was created for the purpose of drawing and is written in a non-existent language. 240 pages of handwritten text in it are illustrated with images of plants, including species unlike known to science, strange astronomical diagrams and bathing women. The text of the manuscript is written from left to right using about 20-25 "letters" (several dozen more characters occur once or twice) and no visible punctuation marks.
According to the established tradition, the manuscript is divided into six sections, respectively, devoted to herbs, astronomy, biology (this contains images of women), cosmology and pharmaceuticals - and the sixth section is usually called "stars" because of the pictures of stars in the margins of a very dense text.
The manuscript got the name under which it became famous, after the name of the Polish dealer of rare books and the husband of the writer Ethel Voynich Wilfred, who bought it from the Jesuit library in 1912 - and began actively looking for a specialist who could decipher it.
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Using the method of radiocarbon dating, which is used to determine the age of fossils and ancient artifacts, the manuscript was dated to the beginning of the 15th century. It is now in the Yale University Beinecke Library, to which it was donated in 1969 by another book dealer, Hans Kraus, who was unable to find another buyer for the mysterious manuscript.
In 2016, the Spanish publishing house Siloe, which specializes in copying manuscripts, bought the rights to print 898 exact copies of the Voynich manuscript at a price ranging from 7 to 8 thousand euros apiece - with about 300 copies already being purchased.
Who tried to reveal the secret of the manuscript?
The Voynich manuscript is, without exaggeration, one of the main cryptographic mysteries of mankind. It is believed that even its first known owners tried to decipher it unsuccessfully - depending on the source, it is either a Prague alchemist of the first half of the 17th century named Georg Baresh, or the court pharmacist of Emperor Rudolf II Jakub Horzczycki. The manuscript baffled, for example, the cryptographers from the British Bletchley Park, who broke the ciphers of the German Enigma in World War II. A popular and very comprehensive book about him, The Voynich Manuscript: An Elegant Enigma by Mary d'Imperio, written in 1978, can now be found in the public domain on the US National Security Agency (NSA) website.
Many scientists tried to understand the "voynichskiy", as the mysterious language of the manuscript began to be called. One of the first documented assumptions about what the Voynich manuscript might be was made by philosophy professor William Newbold in 1921, who saw tiny lines in the outlines of letters that, in his opinion, gave out cursive Greek. Newbold announced that the manuscript was written by the scientist and philosopher Roger Bacon in the 14th century, and it is actually devoted to scientific discoveries like the invention of the microscope. However, this version did not last long: Newbold's critics quickly showed that the microscopic lines he found were just cracks in the ink.
Some experts believe that this is a text in some European or other language, encrypted with the help of some algorithm (and some indicate that there may be two of these languages - so, for example, they think at the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics RAS).
As candidate languages, not only relatively banal Latin were considered, but also the Tibetan dialect and even the Ukrainian language, from which the vowels were removed.
The last idea was expressed in 1978 by an amateur philologist and a Canadian of Ukrainian origin John Stoyko, but his version of the translation, with sentences like “emptiness is what the eye of the baby god is fighting for” turned out to be extremely meaningless. According to other versions, the Voynich manuscript can be written using a book code, that is, the meaning for each word in it must be looked for in a special dictionary - writing and reading such texts is extremely laborious, but theoretically it is possible.
In addition, the manuscript can be written in the technique of shorthand or steganography, when non-obvious details are used to convey the meaning (say, only the number of letters in each line). No less interesting are the hypotheses that the manuscript can be written in a little-known natural or artificial language - the last version was for some time adhered to by the famous cryptographer William Friedman, "the father of American cryptology", although the earliest known references to the idea of an artificially constructed language are found in two centuries after the supposed time of the creation of the manuscript.
Finally, the Voynich manuscript may be deliberate nonsense. For example, Gordon Rugg of Keele University in England wrote a note in Scientific American in 2004 in which he suggested that the author could have used the Cardano lattice, a method invented in 1550 by the Italian mathematician Gerolamo Cardano, to create a deliberately meaningless text that only looks like a cipher. … The Cardano grille is a card with holes cut into it, by placing it on a specially prepared and seemingly harmless text, you can read a hidden message in the holes. With a correctly made card, Raggu, according to him, was able to obtain a text very similar in properties to the text of the Voynich manuscript.
Opponents of this hypothesis point to the fact that the text of the manuscript obeys the so-called Zipf's law: this law describes the frequency with which certain words are encountered in a sufficiently long text in natural language, that is, the manuscript cannot be complete rubbish.
True, Rugg in response to this in 2016 wrote an article in which he showed that with the help of the Cardano lattice it is possible to convincingly simulate a "text" that is not inferior to that which is meaningful from the point of view of Zipf's law.
And journalists Jerry Kennedy and Rob Churchill in their 2004 book even admit that the manuscript is an example of glossolalia (speech consisting of meaningless words, but having some signs of meaningful speech): according to their assumption, its author could "simply" record the stream consciousness dictated to him by the voices in his head.
The most recent high-profile story with the "transcript" of the manuscript happened in September 2017, when the British historian and TV scriptwriter Nicholas Gibbs announced that, according to his information, the manuscript was a textbook-instruction on the treatment of gynecological diseases for a wealthy lady, written with the author's Latin ligatures (ligature is a combination of two letters for convenience and speed of writing, for example, the ampersand, &, is formed from the ligature et).
Gibbs was immediately criticized by numerous specialists in medieval studies and Latin, who accused him of misappropriating other people's ideas about the medical nature of the manuscript and unfounded theses. Lisa Fagin-Davis, director of the American Academy of Medieval Studies, told The Atlantic at the time that if Gibbs had shown his findings to at least the Yale librarians where the manuscript is kept, they would have instantly refuted them.
What happened this time?
Last week, Canadian media suddenly discovered a study by Professor Greg Kondrak of the University of Alberta's Artificial Intelligence Lab and his graduate student Bradley Hauer, published back in 2016. These scientists trained the program to correctly identify the language of the text in 97% of cases, using the 380 languages translation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as material for "training". Earlier, the laboratory of Kondrak and Hauer presented the computer program Cepheus, which can beat professional players in a kind of Texas Hold'em, one of the most difficult forms of poker.
By applying their algorithm to the Voynich manuscript, the Canadians concluded that the Voynich manuscript was written in ancient Hebrew with alphagrams - anagrams in which the letters are sorted alphabetically. Other scientists have also speculated about alphagrams, and Kondrak and Bradley, using algorithms to decipher them, "identified" in 80% of the words in the manuscript of the Hebrew word.
After specifying the spelling, the first sentence of the manuscript was translated by Google Translate as follows: "She gave recommendations to the priest, the owner of the house, me and other people."
Canadians believe that the manuscript is a pharmacopoeia, a set of rules for the manufacture, storage and prescription of drugs.
The work of scientists is published in the journal Transactions of the Association of Computational Linguistics. The first professional reactions to this topic appeared, apparently, long before journalists began to refer to the work, so so far they are very wary of the hypothesis. Kondrak himself told the Canadian press that experts on the Voynich manuscript received his work coolly, and noted that, in his opinion, these experts "are unfriendly towards such research, perhaps they are afraid that computers will replace them." At the same time, he agrees that one cannot do without a person here: so far only a living scientist can understand the syntax and meaning of words.
Now let's talk about other versions
I am not a linguist, not a specialist in ancient languages. I work as a doctor. Here's what I saw (I couldn't find texts with good resolution, so I couldn't make out a lot). Apparently, one of the variants of the Slavic script was used (part of the font is similar to the Russian Old Believer, a lot of ligatures are used).
In short: On page 78, near the figure on the right, under the "bump", the word "vagal" - "vagina" is clearly guessed, using the same letters we read below "the whole ox (lie down?)", Then "Lono ago moisture", at the top, near " cones "-" Lonerva "(the word" bosom "- one ligature). The first line: “Waiting for vag dresva is Chereva is Neva va is Nag Lona,” etc.
On the page of manuscript No. 75, I read from left to right - in Slavic (the only thing I found with good resolution was part of the page): “Nereva Naga vasa d (e) rsa lyad” (at the beginning I read “dessa poison”) - “don’t cry naked your intentions (Sanskrit, and in Bulgarian "drsa" - actions) are good. " Further, the words "womb", "Neva is (to) the womb", "Neva is (to) Legs", "this is (to) Ass master (sit down)" are guessed.
Apparently we are dealing with a kind of gynecological medical treatise of that time (like a textbook - a manual on herbal medicine and balneology, and, it seems, more than once copied by scribes who do not know the language). And here, apparently, it is described on this page, among other things, the use of natural mineral hot hydrogen sulphide springs for diseases in women. And we have them only in the Eastern Alps and the Carpathians: in the Czech Republic in Karlovy Vary, Truskavets in Zap. Ukraine, Eastern Bulgaria - hence the language of the manuscript.
Water (in the text "this is the Neva") flowed out in the form of a stream (desNa) along the bank and pipes (in the text "tree") lined with a tree ("vdsog" - boards), so that - "this is a burn of the master" - not to get burned when you sit down and this is confirmed by pictures (this is not a dance of "nymphs", but the sequence of the patient's actions is shown). A woman should go naked (Naga), and necessarily "Nereva", that is, calm and with good intentions, gradually into the water: "this (to) Lona settle down" and "this (to) Nerva Lona" - to especially sensitive places, at the same time, so that moisture penetrates everywhere "waFa lNalo" (apparently, the external genitals - in the picture, the second woman from the top, shows how it is). “This is the Neva VoNyae” - the stream emits an unpleasant smell. It is necessary to rub "Terea NesogolyNa" into the thighs and shins, "Terea Ndrva" - rub until reddening, "Nesdera" - do not peel off. If it gets bad - "holding the tree","Chalice Not sedea" - do not sit in the cup (apparently hot)! And the picture shows it all. When the water cools down, "all the ox" - all lie down "holding the cup of your head."
It is interesting that the author does not indicate the name of the waters and the place, but simply calls it “Ours” - apparently, it is connected with the superstitions of that time.
The second half of the page looks more like a prayer (conspiracy), because there is a repeated 3-fold “this is the Neva, this is the Neva, this is the Neva”. Etc. And the "stars" are the phases of pregnancy (36-38 weeks), phases of the monthly cycle, etc. It is not for nothing that ladies with clearly enlarged bellies are drawn there.
A rather interesting version of the transcript of the manuscript was proposed by the famous writer, paleoethnographer Vladimir DEGTYAREV.
- Vladimir Nikolaevich, what is the Voynich manuscript about? What are the opinions on this matter?
- Someone says that this is an encrypted alchemical text, figuratively describing ways to prolong life. Others call this document a medical book for a certain European ruler. But still others believe that this manuscript is just someone's ridicule, which contains a set of meaningless graphic signs. By the way, it is not difficult to see the text of the manuscript itself, it has long been placed on the World Wide Web - the Internet.
- And yet it has not yet been deciphered …
- The manuscript was tried to read by high-level specialists - cryptographers of the CIA and NSA. For this purpose, the world's most powerful computer was even connected. But in vain. Let me remind you that the book has four illustrated sections. The color drawings depict plants, naked women, the insides of the human body, some diagrams and even a map of a section of the starry sky. In fact, half of the information is clear enough because it is illustrated.
- What do these drawings and diagrams mean? What is the book ultimately about?
REFERENCE
The Voynich manuscript is a mysterious book written about 600 years ago by an author whose name history has not preserved. The text of the book is either encrypted or written in an unknown language using an unknown alphabet. As a result of radiocarbon analysis of the manuscript, it was precisely determined that the book was written between 1404 and 1438. The Voynich manuscript was repeatedly tried to decipher, but so far to no avail. The book got its name thanks to the bibliophile from Kaunas, Wilfried Voynich, who bought it in 1912. Today, the manuscript is in the Yale University Beinecke Rare Book Library.
- The illustrations tell about a person, more precisely, about how a person can live no less than 120 years measured by God. Of course, you cannot pretend for more, but you can live 120 years in full health, in mind and memory. This is what is written in the ancient manuscript. More precisely, this is one of the "plot lines" of this completely scientific work.
Moreover, the “plot” of the book suggests a possible extension of life up to three hundred years … Why such a figure was chosen, I will not say, but the formula “Being the elder of the clan in twenty generations” directly speaks of the number 300. The time when the manuscript was created was different from ours in that one generation was considered a period of 15 years. We think differently today: one generation - 25 years.
- You mean you read the manuscript? Or just made such a rough conclusion, based on the widespread desire of people for longevity?
“I only read a few pages of the manuscript, selected at random from the Internet, because I needed to get some information about the plants of interest to me. More precisely, about the line of plants depicted at the beginning of the manuscript.
- In what language is the Voynich manuscript written, if you managed to read it?
- It turns out that the manuscript is written not in some, but in a common language. This is the proto-language of our civilization, and it is already hundreds of thousands of years old. It is important to remember that 600 years ago the book did not appear - it was copied onto paper from linen scrolls or from layers of leather. And on those very skins or linen scrolls, it was also copied - probably from clay tables or from palm leaves, and this happened around the 1st century according to the current chronology.
I realized that the rhythm of the writing did not fit the 1/6 folio sheets of paper, onto which the present text of the manuscript was transferred. After all, the style of writing, even of a strictly documentary nature, always depends on the size of the writing material. And the Voynich manuscript is not a strict document. This is most likely a scientific essay, a kind of diary of the development of an action according to the scenario of a certain scientific search. It seems that much earlier the text of this manuscript was executed on sheets of material stretched in length, not in height.
- So what is this text about?
- Today the hypothesis is popular that someone in the 15th century sat over three hundred blank sheets of expensive parchment and diligently wrote various meaningless curls on them with no less expensive ink. Then he painted almost a thousand pictures and decorations with different, also extremely expensive paints. However, there were no futurists, imagists and abstractionists in that era - if they appeared, they quickly enough went to the fires of the Inquisition.
So, hardly anyone would be able to create an abstraction of such a high class. From time immemorial, people have written a lot. One should not think that after the Flood there was completely illiteracy and it continued until the 19th century. For example, in the 17th century, a simple middle-class Belarusian merchant wrote in the Old Slavonic language, but … in Arabic letters. And nothing. His cash receipt for one hundred and fifty thalers was considered honest and was accepted into business …
I will not describe the exact process of decoding the three pages of this manuscript because of the complexity of the explanation. I can only tell you about my general impression. Three languages were used in the manuscript: Russian, Arabic and German. But they are written in a certain one alphabet, unknown in the world of scientists. Although in fact, this alphabet is much more common than you might think.
Last year, I specifically talked with people who speak African dialects. In our conversation, I quoted two words from the Voynich manuscript: "unkulun-kulu" and "gulu". They translated to me that it is "the one who came first" and "heaven". This is a modern interpretation of very ancient East African concepts, the original meaning of which is "one who stands above all (slaves)" and "blue doom. In general - "God" and "Death". The last concept "gulu" (Si Gulu) means uranium, the same one with which nuclear charges are stuffed.
“But the book shows plants. What does uranium have to do with an exotic flower or ergot mushroom?
- A solution or infusion of ergot in very small quantities, apparently, acted as an antidote. People in those days lived very far from London and Paris. And in the Sahara, dust carried radioactive particles, a kind of "blue salt" that erases the skin from a person. So ergot could well have been used as an ointment against ulcers on the body … Do you know what was the most precious knowledge in Egypt, China, Europe at all times? Not a Fibonacci number, not an electric battery, not a way to get kerosene from oil. The secret of longevity - that's what cost a lot of money. People paid a lot of money for even the most fantastic recipe. Imagine what will happen if you give the world this elixir of youth. No, it’s better to keep it a secret.
In general, the Voynich manuscript is a collection of plant drawings, pie charts, unknown female ceremonies and a significant text part. On the surface, it can be attributed to some kind of encyclopedic reference book.
Analysis of the methods of approach to decoding MV showed that all of them had one mistake.
All of them tried to see the letters of the alphabet of any language, and the European language, in the signs with which the Voynich manuscript was written. This approach has yielded no results. Therefore, it is necessary to change the method of approach to decoding. Namely, it is necessary to find a language whose alphabet structure would correspond to the structure of the system of signs used in writing MB. Those. as a basis, take not a single sign, but the entire system of signs as a whole.
Now it is necessary to find the system in the variety of signs with which MV is written. After analyzing the signs used in the Voynich manuscript, I was able to find such a system. It should be noted that later it turned out that there are signs in the entire system that do not correspond to any letter. But this is due to the peculiarities of the language.
Now the question arose to find a language, the alphabet format of which would coincide with the character format of the Voynich manuscript. Searches have yielded results. An ancient language was found whose format (or structure) of the alphabet coincided with the format (or structure) of characters used in the text of the MV. But then everything did not go smoothly. The structure of the complex of signs and the alphabet of the alleged language are identical, but the number of letters turned out to be somewhat larger. I had to go back to the text. As a result, a numerical mark was found in the text itself. Using this mark as a hint and attaching two letters to a certain number of characters, everything fell into place. Later, when translating some short words, the indicated assignment of characters to letters was confirmed. This is the second level of MB encryption. Further, after analyzing the text with the already available data, it turned outthat in words that begin with vowels, these vowels are omitted. This can be considered the third level of encryption. These two circumstances further exclude the possibility of using computer programs to translate MB text. "Manual" translation is also difficult. For example, if a word in the text consists of 4 characters, then 8 letters will correspond to this supposed word, 4 of which must be excluded. Thus, it is practically impossible to do without perfect knowledge of this ancestral language. When translating short words, I used information obtained on the Internet, and they are there, as you know, are limited and in only common use. And in this case, we have specific topics. These two circumstances further exclude the possibility of using computer programs to translate MB text. "Manual" translation is also difficult. For example, if a word in the text consists of 4 characters, then 8 letters will correspond to this supposed word, 4 of which must be excluded. Thus, it is practically impossible to do without perfect knowledge of this ancestral language. When translating short words, I used information obtained on the Internet, and they are there, as you know, are limited and in only common use. And in this case, we have specific topics. These two circumstances further exclude the possibility of using computer programs to translate MB text. "Manual" translation is also difficult. For example, if a word in the text consists of 4 characters, then 8 letters will correspond to this supposed word, 4 of which must be excluded. Thus, it is practically impossible to do without perfect knowledge of this ancestral language. When translating short words, I used information obtained on the Internet, and they are there, as you know, are limited and in only common use. And in this case, we have specific topics. Thus, it is practically impossible to do without perfect knowledge of this ancestral language. When translating short words, I used information obtained on the Internet, and they are there, as you know, are limited and in only common use. And in this case, we have specific topics. Thus, it is practically impossible to do without perfect knowledge of this ancestral language. When translating short words, I used information obtained on the Internet, and they are there, as you know, are limited and in only common use. And in this case, we have specific topics.
Now it should be noted, it is clearly seen that at least three topics are described in the Voynich manuscript, namely: botany, medicine and astronomy. For one person, detailed knowledge in such different areas is too much. Hence, the conclusion follows - in the present MV, information has been collected from various sources. If it is known that the Voynich manuscript was written in the early 15th century, then the knowledge described in it was known much earlier. It can be assumed that this knowledge was used by our ancestors in the so undeservedly forgotten Vedic times. This time had its own characteristics. For example, the chronology was different. Namely, the year (summer) had three periods: winter, spring, autumn; in each period there were three months, in each month there were 40 (41) days, in the week there were 9 days (and this has survived to this day when the dead are remembered: 9 and 40 days), 16 hours in a day. We will dwell on other features of the Vedic chronology and astronomical knowledge below when opening certain topics of the Voynich manuscript.
Now it is necessary to determine the reason for encrypting this vital knowledge.
Knowing quite accurately the time when the Voynich manuscript was written and by the language used, having determined the territory where it was written, it is easy to determine what historical events took place in this territory. It turned out that in this territory at this time there was a conquest of one people by another. And not just a conquest, but a change of religion. It is known that a change of religion or belief is more painful than just an occupation. Based on this, we can conclude that all this secret knowledge by our ancestors was collected in one place and encrypted in order to preserve them from enemies. It is not known about further "travels" of this document until the second half of the 16th century. Perhaps about his content to those from whom he was hiding and a hunt was organized for him. According to the logic, there should be a key to it, which could, or even may, be stored in another place,namely in the place of its writing. Moreover, it cannot be ruled out that the keepers of the key are looking for this document, but its widespread name is far from true, which makes it impossible to find it. But this is an assumption that, in principle, cannot be ruled out and should be verified.
Using the above in the so-called botanical section, the following short words (short in the text of the Voynich manuscript) were translated: Sweet drink, nectar. Food, food. Pleasure, pleasure. Grain, bread. Six. Drink, absorb. Maturation, maturity. Saturated. Hemp, hemp, hemp clothing. Food, food. Maybe. Cleanse (intestines). Drink. A wish. Knowledge. Sweet drink, nectar and others. There is no doubt that the correlation coefficient between the meaning of these words and the plants depicted is very high.
So, on page 20 the words are translated: hemp, hemp clothes; food, food. Indeed, even in our recent past, in my small homeland, hemp was grown, from which threads were obtained, then linen and clothes. In addition, oil was obtained from it, which was used in cooking. Moreover, among many types of cannabis it is easy to find a similar one. Further we have the word "six". Taking into account the Vedic week equal to 9 days, we have 6 weeks, or 54 days, or practically two months in modern chronology. And this is the period of full maturation of most plants. These first obtained translation data give grounds to consider the chosen MV translation algorithm correct.
By the way, among a fairly large number of plants, we do not see potatoes that were imported from America. This is because some experts believe that the birthplace of CF is Mexico. But at the time of writing, the potatoes were used to the fullest.
Now let's move on to the pie charts section. The first one is on p. 57/1 (114) according to Internet numbering). The diagram consists of 4 parts. In each part there is a silhouette of a person by which it is impossible to determine his gender (this remark will play its role further). Therefore, the information in this figure applies to everyone, regardless of gender. This diagram has many short words that have been translated. These are common words, namely sour milk. Milk product. Boiled food. Meal time. Sometimes. Some. Promote. Eat, eat. There is no doubt that in this case we are talking about the organization of a correct, healthy diet. Now why four parts. Turning to the Vedas, we find that the food of our ancestors was four times a day. Further. In each part we find the same groups of words, which are translated as follows: someone. Pronounce. Praise. Located. Turning to the Vedas, we find that before each meal, one of those present at the table must say praise to our Gods and Ancestors. Thus, it follows that in this figure we are talking not only about a rational diet, but also about the ritual of eating.
Next, consider the diagrams found on pages 70-74 (127-134). All diagrams are similar to each other. A distinctive feature of the charts is that the zodiac sign is the center of them. But we find only 10 signs out of 12 existing ones. This is explained as follows. According to the CF keeper, it is known that some of the CF sheets have not been found. In this section, we see that sheet 73 is followed by sheet 75, i.e. 1 sheet is missing, on which 2 more diagrams should be placed.
Consider the diagram on page 70 (127). The zodiac sign of Pisces is most likely located in the middle of the diagram. Around in concentric circles are placed a total of 30 female figures with markings. In the next two diagrams, the author depicted the same zodiac signs, but each drawing has fifteen female figures. Nevertheless, thirty figures of women correspond to this sign of the zodiac. The situation is similar in the other figures. As a result, we have the following:
- the figures on the diagrams are purely female;
- all signs of the zodiac correspond to a specific number of female figures, namely thirty;
- in most cases, the marks next to the female figures, located in the same places, are different.
It is logical to assume that there must be a probable connection between the signs of the zodiac, the silhouettes of women and the number "30". Let's take into account the fact that according to the Vedas there were nine days in a week. Multiplying nine days by thirty, we get two hundred and seventy days. Well, this period is familiar to all at least women. This is the full period of pregnancy for women. It is now clear why the diagrams only show the figures of women and there are thirty of them.
Based on the foregoing, the conclusion follows: the indicated diagrams show the features of the periods of pregnancy in women during conception during various signs of the zodiac. To prove this, I was able to translate two words in one of the diagrams: Perhaps. Born.
Further, on page 67 (121) there are 2 diagrams. Let's consider the first of them. The diagram is a circle divided into 12 sectors. In each sector a word is inscribed and a certain number of stars are placed, and their number is not constant. With a high degree of probability, we can assume that this diagram shows the year according to the lunar calendar. At that time, according to the lunar calendar, the year consisted of 12 months. The word in the sector means the name of the month, and the number of stars indicates the number of stars in the zodiac sign corresponding to the given month. On the outer circumference of the diagram, apparently, the essence of these months is described.
We find the continuation on the next page, which also contains two diagrams. The first of them, most likely, shows the main phases of the moon, namely: new moon, first quarter, full moon, last quarter. Around the circle, apparently, a description of these phases is given.
On the next page, the first figure also applies to the moon. It shows two main phases of the moon: new moon and full moon, and also contains 29 stars. The number of stars corresponds to the number of days in the lunar month (28.5). According to the Vedas, each day of the lunar month had its own name.
There are a few more diagrams below. Again, according to the Vedas, the Vedic chronology had the so-called. Circles of time. The main ones are the Circle of Years and the Circle of Life. With a high degree of probability, we can assume that some of the MV diagrams are the circles of time. So, on page 86/1 (158) there are 9 circular patterns. According to the Vedas, the Sun, moving in its orbit, passes through 9 elements. Perhaps these elements are shown in this figure.
There are plausible explanations for some of the other sections as well. But they still need to be confirmed.
This is what was obtained using the existing methodology. Of course, with the help of professional translation, you can get more significant results. Nevertheless, the results obtained with a high degree of probability give reason to believe that:
1. The indicated method of decoding the Voynich manuscript is its key and can be used for further translation. 2. The Voynich manuscript is a kind of encyclopedia of ancient knowledge, or the Book of the life of our ancestors. Perhaps this knowledge would be relevant today.
You can read online or download the Voynich Manuscript by following this link.
