While fighting on Syrian soil, Russia protects the spirit of the ancestors.
When Russia supported Syria, many noticed the obvious: the similarity in the names of the two countries, as if speaking about a certain kinship of our peoples. Traces of their closeness can indeed be found in history. It was the memory of the Russian soul that called us to help the Syrians in the land of our ancestors. That is why we are at war.
"The emergence of Russia as a state is like lightning," writes Alexander Peresvet in his work "Slavs and Russes from Arab Sources." - Just now, on the vast Eastern European plains, there was nothing but endless forests and legends about the peoples inhabiting them. And suddenly the swords of the Varangian squad were sparkling - and in place of this ethnically-geographical formlessness a huge state appeared - an area with a good France. For twenty years, some Varangians - unknown to anyone in Western Europe - not only captured a second Europe of the same kind, but also created here a most powerful state, which almost captured Constantinople itself!"
Where did the tribe that possesses such passion come from?
Rus are not Slavs
The temptation to bring the Russians out of the Slavs is understandable. But sources do not confirm this version. Thus, the Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus directly opposes the Russian and Slavic names of the Dnieper rapids. The Arabs and Persians mention the Rus in stories about the events of the 5th-7th centuries. Rurik, the founder of the ancient Russian state, is called a Varangian in them. For some reason, it is generally accepted here that the Vikings are Scandinavians. But the connection between the Rus and the Scandinavians is refuted by Ibn Rust, who in a work of 903-913 reports that the Khakan was the leader of the Rus. This Eastern concept does not apply to the leaders of the Scandinavians or Western Slavs.
The next testimony is from the 920s from Ibn Fadlan, who personally saw the Rus, communicated directly with them and did not notice anything in common with the Slavs in their rituals, clothing and weapons.
Based on the analysis of the relevant Arab messages, Peresvet concludes that the Slavs preceded the Rus in the Eastern European space. The relationship between them in the perception of the Arabs went through several stages:
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- hostility and aggression on the part of the Rus, - the occupation of the Slavs by the Rus, - the union, - the gradual merger in customs and rituals, - the transfer of the name of the Rus to the Slavs
The Rus and the Slavs merged only under Vladimir the Holy in the X century. Prior to that, they remained an independent people, well known in Germany. The German chroniclers called them Rugi. The process of merger, which began in the 9th century, was long and thorny.
In general, according to the totality of the analysis, Peresvet comes to the following:
1. Both Western and Eastern authors generally separate the Slavs from the Rus.
2. Judging by the complex of archaeological and chronicle sources, the lands of the Eastern Slavs were captured in the 860s by the peoples who were called Rus.
3. According to Arab sources, a gradual merger of the Rus and Slavs took place in the future, as a result of which the Russian people arose.
Jerusalem builders
The Arab geographer and cartographer Al-Idrisi, who lived and worked in Palermo, claimed that in their prayers the Rus called themselves Uruses. Urus in Turkic languages means Russian. The Tatars spoke Rus or Urus. These words are part of two names of the same city in the Middle East - Rushalimum (according to ancient Egyptian manuscripts) and Urusalim (in the documents of the Tel El-Amarna archive).
The second part in these names is halim or alim, translated from Arabic, means kind, meek, wise, anointed by God.
Rus-halimum or Urus-alim are the ancient names of Jerusalem.
Jebus is another name that appears in the Old Testament. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia writes: "Jebus is the same as Jerus." The prefix ye in translation from Aramaic means holy, sacred, priest.
The Jebusite tribe owned the city and is considered its founder. But since Jebus and Jerus are one and the same, the Jebusites are also Jerusians.
Historians disagree about the origin of this tribe, which is repeatedly referred to in the Old Testament as the indigenous population of Jerusalem. The name goes back to the Aramaic language, as it was spoken by the inhabitants of Palestine, Galilee and Damascus. The speakers of this language were the Arameans - this was the name for a group of Semitic tribes who roamed mainly in the territory of modern Syria. From this it follows that the Rus and Syrians were close tribes living in the Middle East, where Aramaic became the common language of communication.
Ruschalim (Urusalim) was also called Zion. The Russians founded this city at the end of the 3rd millennium BC and owned it until the Israelites, who captured it by force.
Archaeologists were surprised by the technology used by the builders of Jerusalem. Historians write that at the base of the city walls, and in particular the Jerusalem Western Wall (Wailing Wall), which stood without mortar for about three thousand years, there are huge blocks, polished at the joints and fitted together, weighing 40-60 tons (in the gap between not even a sheet of paper passes through them). The temple of Jupiter at Balbek was built in a similar way. Some sections of its base weigh 800-1000 tons. This structure surpasses the Cheops pyramid, the largest granite blocks of which weigh 50–80 tons. Thus, the builders of Jerusalem, the Rus (Jebusites), were an ancient highly developed civilization.
Among the Jebusites mentioned in the Bible is Orna (Arona, Adona). The word "adona" refers to the meaning of lord, king. There is a version that he was the last Jebusite king of Jerusalem before its capture by the Israelites. King David bought a threshing floor from Orna, where he made an altar. At this place, the son of David - King Solomon later built the first Jerusalem temple.
The tribes of Judah and Benjamin failed to expel the Jebusites from Jerusalem. King David took the city, but he also could not remove the indigenous inhabitants from it. Therefore, the Jebusites remained to live among the Israelites together with the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. But in the VIII-VII centuries before the birth of Christ, the captivity and resettlement of the tribes of Israel took place, which was carried out by Assyria, who defeated them, and then continued by Babylon. What was the further fate of the Rus (Jebusites)?
From one mother and father
Apparently, many of them stayed in Judea or returned there. But most of the Rus, along with the exiled tribes of Israel, left their land. Their trail can be searched by referring to place names. On the territory of Chechnya, for example, there is a place called Urus-Martan, that is, Russian Martan (“martan” is a word meaning abundance, abundant food).
As is known, the territory of Chechnya was part of the Khazar Kaganate. Nina Vasilyeva in the book “Russian Khazaria” cites the following excerpt from an anonymous Arabic source “Collection of stories” (1126): “They also say that Rus and Khazar were from the same mother and father. Then Rus grew up and since he did not have a place that he liked, he wrote a letter to Khazar and asked that part of his country to settle there."
That is, Rus and Khazars were perceived as related tribes, and primarily because they spoke the same language (after all, one wrote a letter to another). It could be Aramaic, rooted in ancient Canaan, which the Rus spoke and which was perceived by the tribes of Israel.
Lev Gumilyov wrote: “Power in the Khazar Kaganate belonged to the Jews-Radanites (that is, merchants from the tribe of Dan. - T. G.), who had nothing to do with the Khazars proper. In the 9th-10th centuries, the ruling elite of Khazaria turned into a socio-political chimera."
The Khazarocracy, formed by the Radanite merchants, began to worship idols, in particular the golden calf. Shlomo Sand writes: "During the Khazars' adoption of Judaism, copies of the Talmud were still very rare, which allowed many proselytes to return to ancient cults, and sometimes to such practices as sacrifice." This Judaism, which the ruling elite began to impose in Khazaria, had nothing to do with the Old Testament teaching of Moses. And this "Yahud faith", as stated in the chronicle of Bakhshi Iman, aroused a protest from the Uruses.
The period of 839–840 in Khazaria was marked by an exacerbation of the civil war, which, according to the chronicles of 1229–1246, had an exclusively religious character and represented a struggle between two different Kagan clans. One professed Judaism, the other remained faithful to Tengrism. The war was fought for power, but in the name of the victory of Judaism and its establishment in the Khazar state as a state religion.
The civil war was accompanied by the resettlement of the Rus to the territories already occupied by the Slavic tribes, as well as the separation from Khazaria. The point of no return was the assassination of the leader of the Urus uprising in 840. Almost at the same time, in 839, in some Western and Arab sources, the first mention of the Rus people and their ruler, who is called the Khagan (Khakan), appears. This is how a state entity appears, which will receive the name Russian Kaganate - Primordial Russia (Doryurik Russia). At the same time, the Rus began to be mentioned in the chronicle sources as a separate people, and their leader was named a kagan, which corresponds to the status of an independent supreme ruler in the tradition of ancient Jerusalem.
Russian kaganate
Among the options for the location of the Russian Kaganate, various historians call the Middle Dnieper region, the Slavic north (Ladoga - Rurik's settlement in Novgorod - Rostov - Staraya Russa), the Azov region, the region from the Left Bank of the Dnieper to the Middle Don and Upper Oka, Don region. In the 10th century, the Black Sea in Arabic from the Khazar language turns into the Russian one.
From this it follows that the Russian Kaganate included a part of the territory inhabited by the Rus, which had separated from Khazaria as a result of the civil war. It also includes the territories occupied by the Slavic tribes, where the Rus moved, fleeing the war. Such a spatial scatter indicates that the Russian Kaganate should be understood as the totality of state formations created by the Rus, at the head of which, according to the ancient Eastern tradition, was the Kagan.
We also find traces of the Rus (Uruses, Jebusites) on the territory of Moldova and Transnistria. So, in Moldova, the surname Russu is in the first place in terms of distribution, Russnak is no less popular, and in the same place and in the south of Ukraine the surname Tsurkan is quite frequent, consonant with the name of the Kagan of the Rus Chekan, which is mentioned in the Bertinsky annals.
The Rus (Ievu-sei) living in Canaan were engaged in trade. According to the Old Testament, the name of the Canaanites is sometimes meant by merchants. It is characteristic that the word "Varangian" (the self-name of the ancient Rus) meant a merchant, merchant, warrior, defender of the faith, armed guardian of the territory of Rus.
“The first reliable mention of the Rus in the Arab-Persian literature that has come down to us,” writes the medievalist Elena Melnikova, “is associated with the description of the route of the Rus merchants from Eastern Europe to Baghdad and Constantinople. This message belongs to the author of the 9th century Ibn Khordadbeh. Ascending the Don, and then descending down the Volga, Rus merchants ended up in the Caspian Sea, where they landed with goods “on any shore”. According to Ibn Khordadbeh, Rus merchants claimed that they were Christians, and in the territory of the Caliphate they paid a capitation tax from the Gentiles in Muslim states.
Rus-Varangians and founded the Russian statehood - Rus.
After the defeat of Khazaria, its rulers, the Radanite merchants from the tribe of Dan, who worshiped the golden calf, fled to Europe and, thanks to their enormous money, were able to control the royal houses of Europe.
In the New Testament, among the tribes of Israel who will be saved in the end times, only the tribe of Dan is not mentioned. According to the prophecies, the Antichrist will emerge from him and it will lead him to power. It is this force that we face today in Syria.
Gracheva Tatiana