In ancient Greek myths and all ancient literature, Hyperborea and Hyperboreans occupy not a marginal, but a central place. Ancient Greek myths describe the original, paradise country - Hyperborea and the Hyperborean mountains. Ancient Greek authors also call these Hyperborean mountains "Riphean" or "Riphean" mountains.
The name itself - Hyperborea has come down to us precisely in the ancient Greek transcription. “Hyper” in translation means “for” or “over something”. Boreas (Greek boréas - north wind. Bora (Italian bora, from Latin boreas) - strong and gusty north wind; boron - forest. In Scandinavian mythology, Bor was the father of the god Odin and other gods, which indicates a close connection of Scandinavian culture with Hyperborea.
From the description of the nature of Hyperborea, it follows that in the Ripaean mountains that enclose Hyperborea, there is an area with a very strong and constant cold North wind - Boreas. This will serve as one of the landmarks in the geographical localization of Hyperborea.
From ancient Greek sources it is known that the Ocean River flows in Hyperborea. Let's try to figure out which body of water the Greeks called the Ocean, based on the testimonies of ancient authors.
The legendary epic poet of Hellas Homer (12th to 7th century BC) in the Odyssey (IV, 560-568). (translated by V. V. Veresaev):
Here is what Pomonius Mela writes about Hyperborea in his work "On the structure of the earth":
Here there is a clear geographical indication that in the Hyperborean mountains we should look for the Kronos Sea, surrounded by a ring surrounded by the mainland - this is a very important detail noted by the ancient author, a lake or a sea with a temple-tomb of Kronos on the island. Knowing that there is only one lake of meteoric origin in the Urals - “a ring surrounded by the continent”, it is not difficult to find the sea (lake) of Kronos.
More than 10,000 years ago, a cosmic body disintegrated in the Earth's atmosphere, and with a "machine-gun burst" of debris formed a whole chain of small meteorite lakes in the Shatura region. The largest meteorite formed a mysterious lake Smerdyachye (Smerdyachye) with crystal clear water, which did not allow itself to come, emitting the smell of hydrogen sulfide, it is located in the anomalous mystical, sacred paranormal zone of Shushmore. Perhaps the Kronos Sea is Lake Turgoyak - one of the lakes formed in the Urals as a result of a meteorite fall. In the Kronid Sea there is the island "Astera" (ancient Greek ἀστήρ - aster - star).
And here is another indication of the geography of Hyperborea:
Pliny the Elder (c. 23 AD - 79 AD). Roman statesman, encyclopedic scholar and historian.
NATURAL HISTORY. Book four:
Here is another testimony of Herodotus: “In the north of Europe, apparently, there is a lot of gold. How it is mined there, I also cannot say for sure. According to the legend, he is kidnapped from vultures by the one-eyed Arimasp people. (Herodotus, Book IV).
Herodotus in "History" (IV, 13.) says: "Above the Issedons live one-eyed men - Arimasps. And he adds: “we call them in Scythian Arimasps; after all, with the word “arima” the Scythians mean “one”, and the word “spu” - “eye””(IV, 27). Above them live vultures guarding gold, and above these there are Hyperboreans reaching the sea.
(2) Except for the Hyperboreans, all these tribes, starting with the Arimasps, always attacked their neighbors. And as the Arimaspians are driven out of the country by the Issedones, so the Issedons are the Scythians."
So, on the road from the Mediterranean, past Taurida and Meotida (Sea of Azov), past the Sarmatians, Issedons and nomads and into the Ripean mountains. Herodotus' epithet for coarse snow is pterophorus (“carrying”) - “Anyone who has seen the falling thick snow close by knows what I am talking about. Snow looks like feathers. (IV, 31, 2).
Hyperborea is a mountainous region with a harsh cold climate, thick fogs and snow similar to white feathers. By the way, in ancient Greek myths, when Boreas, Aquilon, Champs Elysees are mentioned, thick fogs are necessarily mentioned. An important climatic feature! And Hyperborea is a sunny country with a temperate climate, located on the other side of Aquilon behind the Ripean (Hyperborean) mountains. Hyperborea is not in Europe, but in the south of the Ripean (Ural) mountains, stretching from south to north to the Northern (Scythian, Hyperborean) Ocean.
Here is another evidence of Hyperborea, we find in Callimachus (310 - 235), a Greek poet, critic of the Alexandrian era, he was considered the "king of the elegy" and a role model for the ancient poets Ovid, Propertius, Catullus, Virgil.
Callimachus, hymn IV "To Delos":
Callimachus directly calls the Hyperboreans "fair-haired Arimasps", points to their "long-term life". Yes, and the Hyperboreans themselves for the Greeks, although mysterious, are certainly not utopian, but quite concrete and real, with their own names and graves. All the priests of the temple of Apollo Hyperborean on the island of Delos were only Hyperboreans, the name of the first priest who composes hymns in the temple of Apollo, Olen (Lel).
We learn about the gifts of the Hyperboreans in the “History” of Herodotus: “But the Delians tell much more about them, claiming that the sacred gifts wrapped in wheat straw, brought from the Hyperboreans, arrive to the Scythians, and from the Scythians, the neighbors, having received them, continuously pass them on to each other friend farther west, right up to the Adriatic Sea; (IV, 33)
And then he adds: “(3) This is the way they say these sacred gifts come to Delos; and initially the Hyperboreans sent to carry the sacred gifts of two virgins, whom the Delians call Hyperoch and Laodice. Together with them, for their safety, the Hyperboreans sent as escorts five husbands from among the townspeople, those who are now called Perferei and receive great honors on Delos."
IV, 35. "The Delosians also say that the Hyperochians and Laodicees arrived on Delos even before, following the same countries, Arga and Opida - girls from the Hyperboreans," who were venerated on Delos.
We find an indication of the dimensions of Hyperborea in the Roman poet Horace (Quintus Horace Flaccus) (65 BC - 8 BC). "To the Patron":
The vast lands of Hyperborea, forests, steppes and mountains, open spaces that do not see the end and the edge were called Aryan expanses, then the endless Great Scythia, Sarmatia, Great Tartaria, and now it is Great Russia.
The ancient Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) writes:
"We inhabit the middle space between the Arctic belt, close to the North Pole, and the summer tropical, and the Scythians-Rus and other Hyperborean peoples live closer to the Arctic belt …". (Quoted from the collected works of Aristotle published by the Berlin Academy of Sciences in 1836)
For Aristotle, "Scythians-Rus and other Hyperborean peoples" were not literary characters, but were quite real peoples, like their distant country Hyperborea.
Hyperboreans are the descendants of the legendary titans, witnesses and participants in the Titanomachy, the largest event in pre-Greek history. This is directly indicated by ancient authors: "The Hyperboreans were of titanic origin … They grew up from the blood of the former titans."
The legendary battle of the titans (Titanomachy) lasted ten years. Defeated by the new generation of gods, the old titan gods were cast down to Tartarus. According to the Orphic (song) tradition, Cronus subsequently reconciled with Zeus and ruled over the islands of the blessed at the end of the Earth, in Hyperborea. The reign of Cronus was later recalled as a kingdom of justice and called the Golden Age of the Gods. Cronus was buried in a deep golden stone tomb on the island of the Kronnid Sea, also called the Scythian Sea. The Kronidian god Zeus heads the pantheon of the ancient Greek Olympic gods, and acts in a triune hypostasis - Zeus Φίλιος - Zeus the Son, Zeus πατηρ - Zeus - "Father of all gods and people", Zeus the Savior ("Soter" - Σωτήρ - savior). According to legend, after his death, Zeus was ascended to Olympus for eternal reign. In the most ancient Greek myths, Olympus was located in Arcadia, the region of Hyperborea, and only later the name Arcadia was transferred to a local mountain in Greece.
Judging by the results of Titanomachy, the supporters of the god Zeus were scattered around the periphery of the Earth in different directions, became peripheral peoples, and in the center, in the country of the blessed (Hyperborea), Cronus remained to rule - the victory remained with Cronus and his supporters, the titan gods and the inhabitants of Tartarus (later Tartary).
Mircea Eliade, Romanian, American historian, ethnographer, suggested that the myths about the "golden age" testify to the events of the Neolithic revolution, to the building of civilization.
The first Greek poet Hesiod (c. 700 BC). left such a testimony about the Hyperboreans in the work "Works and Days", 109-120, trans. V. Veresaeva:
Describing the Ripean Mountains, Herodotus - “the father of History” notes that “in the countries lying at their foothills, winter is so severe that an unbearable cold has been there for eight months. At this time, even pour water on the ground, there will be no dirt, unless you make a fire … Such cold weather continues in those countries for eight months, and the rest of the four months are not warm”(Herodotus, Book IV).
Herodotus and later authors - Pseudo-Hippocrates, Dionysius, Eustathius, Virgil, Pliny - certainly connect the Ripean mountains with the legendary country of Hyperborea.
Hyperborea is called by ancient authors the birthplace of the sun god Apollo. According to legend, Apollo Hyperborean flies every 19 years in his celestial chariot to Hyperborea to visit his mother, the goddess Leto.
The earliest of the ancient Greek poets Alkman (7th century BC).
“Ripa's mountain covered with forest, chest of black night”.
Greek poet Bacchilides (505 - 450 c. BC). Olympic song, 3, "Croesus"
“The Delos Phoebus takes the pets to rest in the lands of the Hyperboreans”.
Why did the country of Hyperborea so attract the attention of the ancient Greeks? How did it stand out for them among tens and hundreds of other peripheral countries? Why do all the gods of ancient Greece have their origin from Hyperborea? It turns out that the Greeks worship not their own, but alien gods? Why the main heroes of ancient Greece perform their greatest feats on the territory of the very, very distant country of Hyperborea. Why do the Greek heroes Hercules and Perseus each time go to distant Hyperborea to perform their legendary feats? Why, as a reward for their exploits, they are awarded the epithets - Heracles Hyperborean, Perseus Hyperborean, Hermes Hyperborean, Prometheus Hyperborean? Why do the souls of the gods go to eternal rest in the lands of the Hyperboreans? Where did the Greeks have knowledge of the geography of such a distant country, which they had never been to?
Isn't Hyperborea so dear to the Greeks because it is their Motherland, the country where their ancestors once came from? Then their nostalgia for the distant homeland of Hyperborea is understandable. A large number of written evidence in ancient literature and the authority of authors and eyewitnesses do not allow doubting the existence of Hyperborea. Judge for yourself.
Hecateus of Pontus (IV century BC) Plut. Camill., 22, 2. "Rome was captured by an army that came from the country of the Hyperboreans."
Other testimonies of ancient authors are replete with details indicating the reality of the country and people - the Hyperboreans:
Early Christian theologian and writer, founder of speculative theology Clement of Alexandria (150 - 215 AD).
Scholias to "Exhortatory speech to the Hellenes", II, 29: "Hyperboreans are a Scythian tribe … they sacrifice donkeys to Apollo."
Arimaspians and Scythians are not mythical, but real-life peoples. The proximity of the Hyperborean and Arimaspian cities, the Champs Elysees, the Ripean Mountains and Scythia allows us to determine their geographical position. Ancient authors, in addition to colorful descriptions of the Ripean Mountains, left us maps with their images. A large mountain range, depicted by Hecateus of Miletus, Hesiod, Eratosthenes, Agrippa, Ptolemy.
The golden woman on the map of 1562.
Ripeysko-Hyperborean mountains were depicted on maps until the 16th century. On medieval European maps, compiled on the basis of Greek sources, there are explanations: "The stone belt is the ancient Hyperborean mountains." Medieval geographers, like the ancient Greeks themselves, did not doubt this and confidently identified the Hyperborean Mountains with the Ural Mountains.
We find references to the mythical Hyperborean mountains in ancient and medieval written sources for 3000 years, which does not give grounds to consider this information as an empty invention.
The ancient world of written sources of various authors had extensive ideas and important details about the life and customs of the Hyperboreans. It was here, according to Aeschylus, “at the end of the earth”, “in the deserted wilderness of the wild Scythians” - by the order of Zeus, the rebellious Prometheus was chained to a rock, contrary to the prohibition of the Gods, who gave people fire, revealed the secret of the movement of stars and heavenly bodies, taught people the art addition of letters, farming, navigation and sailing.
In other words: "The foundations of civilization were laid in Hyperborea-Scythia." But the Hyperborean region was not always so deserted and homeless, where Prometheus, tormented by an eagle, languished until Heracles, who received the epithet Hyperborean for this feat, was freed.
The Hellenic sun god-healer Apollo, born in distant Hyperborea, the ancestral home of almost all Mediterranean peoples. Apollo, like his sister Artemis - the children of the god Zeus, born of his first wife, the Titanide Leto - are directly related to Hyperborea. According to the testimony of ancient authors and the conviction of the ancient Greeks and Romans, Apollo not only visited his distant homeland, Hyperborea, in a chariot drawn by swans every 19 years, but the Hyperboreans themselves, the northerners, constantly came to Hellas on the island of Delos with their gifts to the temple of their God Apollo. The sister of Apollo Hyperborean, the goddess Artemis, is also inextricably linked with Hyperborea. Apollodorus (1, 1U, 5) calls Artemis the intercessor of the Hyperboreans.
The Hyperborean affiliation of Artemis is also mentioned in the most ancient ode of Pindar, dedicated to Heracles of Hyperborean. According to Pindar, Hercules reached Hyperborea in order to accomplish the legendary feat - to get the golden-horned "Cyrene" Doe: "He reached the lands behind the icy Boreas."
Apollo flies in a flying machine to Hyperborea.
The Greeks reported that high morals, art, religious and esoteric beliefs and various crafts necessary to meet the needs of the country flourished in Hyperborea. Agriculture, animal husbandry, weaving, construction, mining, leatherworking, woodworking industries were developed.
What conclusions can be drawn from the myths about Hyperborea and the Ripean Mountains to identify their geographical location?
1. It should be understood that the Ripean and Hyperborean mountains are one and the same geographic object, that is, these are the Ural mountains - the "Stone Belt". The Ural Mountains are the oldest on planet Earth. The name of the Ripean mountains is to be found in the Vedic Sanskrit, which is the basis of all Indo-European languages. In Sanskrit: Aruh, ruhati, rushat, ruham - Aruh -rohati, -rukSat, -ruhat, ruham - go up into the mountains, step over; rohayati - to dare, to reach the top; Ropayati - ropayati - "to climb the mountains" is written in the Rig Veda.
2. On the approaches to Hyperborea there is an area with a strong, constant cold wind and thick fogs. This is the wind pole in Dalniy Taganai (South Urals), discovered by V. I. at the end of the 19th century. He proposed to create a weather station there. Meteorological station Taganai-Gora, opened on the initiative of V. I. Vernadsky, worked until recently. Now a detachment of mine rescuers is based there. Clear weather is rare here. On average for a year, almost 240 days a year, fogs reign in Dalniy Taganai, sung in ancient Greek myths. The average annual wind speed here is 10.5 meters per second, and on some days over 50 meters per second. There are such places on the border of the mainland and the ocean. But on the continent of Eurasia itself, there are no more such places. The South Ural is the kingdom of Boreas.
3. In Hyperborea there is the Kronid Sea - Lake Turgoyak, one of the lakes formed in the Urals as a result of a meteorite fall. In the Kronid Sea there is the island "Astera" (ancient Greek ἀστήρ - astera - star), where Apollo and Artemis, the gods from ancient Greek myths, were born, where Kronos, the father of Zeus, and other gods were buried.
4. In the Ripeyskiy-Uralskiy mountains, two regions were located nearby - with a harsh and mild fertile climate. An area with a mild, fertile climate is the Miass gold-bearing valley with uninterrupted gold mining over the past 300 years, where even potatoes ripen 2-3 weeks earlier than just 30 kilometers to the west, in the mountainous zone, near Taganai.
5. Hyperborean - Ural mountains stretched to the polar latitudes. The parents and progenitors of the ancient Greek gods lived in the Ripean mountains, in Hyperborea. Consequently, the Hyperboreans are the progenitors of the ancient Greeks themselves, who in their early history remembered and felt their connection and cultural relationship with Hyperborea, spoke the Hyperborean language, and called their gods Hyperboreans.
6. The Ocean River - seemed to the ancient Greeks as a water area connecting the Caspian Sea and the Arctic Ocean with the transfer of boats on Mount Olympus, on the icy Aquilon (from aqua - water, bosom - channel). The name Avalon (Obolon, Bologne, Bologna) comes from the Old Russian word "bologne, bologna", which means "flood meadow", "low river bank flooded with water", means the coast of the river, riverside meadows flooded with spring floods. Avalon (Obolon) is an island of eternal youth and grace. The Ocean River united the channels of the Volga, Kama, Belaya, Ai and the Ob, Tobol, Iset, Uy, Miass rivers. It was on this Ocean in Hyperborea that the "Kronid Sea surrounded by the continent was located in a ring." Lake Turgoyak is located in the Miass Valley and a small channel connects with the Miass River (Ocean River).
The analysis of geographical indications by the methods of comparative mythology based on the linguistic theory and the theory of the Neolithic revolution, images on old maps and direct textual explanations allow us to confidently say that the Hyperborean Mountains are the Ural Mountains. This is also indicated by archaeological finds confirming that all the basic inventions of the Neolithic revolution were made in the South Urals. These are agriculture, animal husbandry, domestication of horses, developed metallurgy, thanks to the extraction of copper, bronze and iron, the invention of the wheel and chariot, the first ceramics in Europe, as a continuous tradition, and others.
Technical and historical details indicate that the most ancient Greek myths tell about the events of the Great Neolithic Revolution, about the brightest event in the history of mankind, about the construction of civilization on the lands of the Hyperborean (Nostratic) linguistic community in the South Urals, in Hyperborea.
The Nostratic (Hyperborean) linguistic community is a macrofamily of languages that unites several language families and languages of Europe, Asia and Africa.
Boreal language ("beyond Boreus") is the term of the linguist ND Andreev, which characterizes the state of a number of languages during the Mesolithic of Europe. Boreal is a hypothetical proto-language, from which Indo-European (this includes both Greek and Russian), Uralic and Altai languages. The boreal proto-language unites the stable ethno-cultural-linguistic community of the Rus-Boreals.
All Indo-European languages come from a single Proto-Indo-European language (Pra-IE), whose speakers lived 5-6 thousand years ago. The tribe that spoke this ancient language called themselves Aryans.
In Vedic Sanskrit - the native language of the Rig Veda, the word ripa means mountains - the Ripean mountains. It was from here, from the top of Ripa, that the eagle brought Indra the drink of immortality - Soma, as evidenced by ancient Indian myths.