The land of whom the ancient Greeks gave the name Egypt, which means "mystery, mystery." Even today, we do not know how the Great Pyramid, the temple at Karnak, Osiriyon at Abydos were built. The author of the book, Jorge Angel Livraga, reveals to us a "different" history of Egypt, much more ancient than the one that we know from the officially accepted chronology.
For the ancient Egyptians, Thebes is the City of the Living and the City of the Dead, united in a metaphysical unity. Thebes is a mirror of heaven on earth, Thebes is a place where a person lives in harmony with the entire Universe and prepares for life in another world. And it is this experience gained by the ancient Egyptians that invites us to re-realize Professor Livraga.
City of Greece: Thebes
The modern city of Thebes (Thiva) was built in the heart of the Aonian Plain, the only fertile valley in Central Greece, right on the site of its mighty ancient namesake.
The ancient capital of Boeotia and the Boeotian Union, the eternal rival of Athens and Sparta, the birthplace of Pindar and Epaminondas, Thebes was one of the most powerful cities of its time, challenging Mycenae's status as the most ancient in the country. However, after the loss of several wars in a row (including the famous Holy War and the uprising against the Romans) and repeated looting, the city fell into decay and began to revive only at the beginning of the 20th century.
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sights
Only an archaic funeral stele has survived to this day. the ruins of the Apollo shrine and the painted Tanagra sarcophagus.
The excellent Archaeological Museum at Thebes contains many finds from excavations of the ancient city and elsewhere in Boeotia.
Ancient city of Thebes
Thebes is also the capital of the Egyptian pharaohs, which became the birthplace of the cult of the sun god Amun. With all the losses and destruction, the ancient city did not disappear without a trace like other monuments of ancient civilizations. The Greeks called it "100-fold Thebes" for its enormous size, in contrast to their own "seven-fold" Thebes. The ruins of Theban architecture are a whole millennium older than the legendary New Babylon, but still arouse admiration. At sunset, as well as thousands of years ago, the sun, blazing in the stormy waters of the Nile, slowly disappears behind the horizon - this is the sun god Amon-Ra leaves for the kingdom of the dead, so that in the morning he will be born again young and powerful.
That is why the city of the dead was located on the left bank of the river, in which peace and silence reigned. In this so-called Valley of the Kings is the necropolis of Thebes with the tombs of the pharaohs, crypts of their wives and children, memorial temples for the pharaohs of different dynasties. The temple of Queen Hatshepsut, the temple of Pharaoh Ramses II, and the temple of Hatshepsut are best preserved to this day. The entrance to the memorial temple of Amenhotep III has been guarded for 3,400 years by two giant stone statues known as the Colossi of Memnon and depicting the seated pharaoh Amenhotep III.
The Theban pharaohs did not build pyramids, but for the tombs they cut an inclined tunnel in the rocks, going down to a depth of two hundred meters. The tunnel ended with burial chambers, the walls and ceilings of which were painted with colored paintings from the lives of the dead. So in the rocks of the Libyan ridge, more than a hundred tombs were found, but they were all plundered in antiquity, only one of them - the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, was discovered in 1922 in complete safety.
The main state sanctuary of the New Kingdom was two temples of Amun, located on opposite sides of the river - in Karnak and Luxor and connected by a three-kilometer cobbled alley of sphinxes. Nowhere in the world were columns, pylons and monolithic statues so grandiose, no temple before that time had such splendor. Large hypostyle hall of Karnak with an area of 5000 sq. m contained a whole forest of massive gigantic columns. The columns are decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the victorious campaigns of the pharaohs. The sanctuary in Luxor is not so large, but no less luxurious and majestic. Both temples have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The great victories of the Egyptian pharaohs were marked by the construction of luxurious palaces and temples, which closely surrounded residential buildings and narrow streets. Egyptian Thebes was destroyed in 663 BC. e. Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, but the ruins of the city remind of its former glory, which any ancient city will envy.
Memphis was in ancient Egypt on the territory of present-day Egypt - an ancient Egyptian city located at the border of Upper and Lower Egypt, on the western bank of the Nile, south of modern Cairo.
Thebes were in both ancient Egypt and ancient Greece. Egyptian Thebes is the Greek name for the capital of Upper Egypt. The city was located 700 km south of the Mediterranean Sea, on the eastern bank of the Nile. It was originally called No-Ammon, or simply No. Greek Thebes - in ancient times, the main city of the region of central Greece - Boeotia, on the territory of present-day Greece.
Once there was the capital of Egypt, but time has erased it from the face of the earth. In fact, Thebes is by no means the real name of the ancient city on the east bank of the Nile. This is how the Greeks called the capital of Egypt, the city of No-Ammon.
Thebes is one of the oldest cities known to science, from which at least something remains. The history of Thebes dates back to the Middle Paleolithic era, more than 30 thousand years ago, when the first ancient settlement appeared on this place
Today, only the ruins of Karnak temples on the territory of modern Luxor, on the eastern bank of the Nile, remind of the ancient city of No
But the remains of the greatness of the ancient capital are also on the western bank of the great river, we are talking about the territory of the former necropolis of Thebes, where the tombs of the pharaohs carved into the rocks of the Valley of the Kings, the crypts of their wives and children in the nearby Valley of the Queens, as well as the giant Colossi of Memnon, left over from Temple of Amenhotep III, and the memorial Temple of Hatshepsut located a little further away