From the hills of Balukistan, located in southern Asia on the territory of Pakistan, historically came a culture whose activity was agriculture. The lifestyle of the peoples of this culture was semi-nomadic,
they raised grain crops (for example, wheat, barley), kept cattle, sheep, goats. From the VI millennium BC, they mastered the art of pottery. In the area of Mergare, the Indus Valley civilization, for the first time, an ancient structure was found, dating back to the VI millennium BC, it is adapted for storing grain crops.
The settlements of the settlement were collected from mud, the premises were divided into four equal parts from the inside using special partitions. During the excavation of the tombs, additional tools were found made of stone and bones, jewelry - beads, bracelets, pendants, household items. In some cases, excavations have led to traces of ritual animal sacrifices.
Limestones, turquoise, polished copper, sea shells decorated with unique patterns were also found in the villages of the valley. In the IV millennium BC, drills made of stone and copper, furnaces in a depression with an ascending air outlet, and copper crucibles were considered technological "innovations". Buttons and ornaments with geometric patterns were typical household items.
In the IV century BC, the Doharappan culture followed its own path of development. Indian civilization spread over the territory of hundreds of cities and villages, the main of which were the cities of Harappa and Mogenjo-daro. These cities were political centers, covering a square mile. The point of view of some scholars converges on the assumption that the city of Harappa was destroyed and a new city was erected on its basis - Mogenjo-daro. Later, a city called Kithyawara appeared, located in the southern part of the civilization's habitat, where the villagers were engaged in the cultivation of crops such as a variety of peas, sesame, beans, cotton.
The Indus Valley civilization first used the concept of decimal measure and weight, and the facts of dental treatment services in primitive "dental offices" are also known. The presence of rivers led to a good development of trading activities, facts of the use of carts drawn by bulls were found.
The list of large cities of the Indus Valley includes the settlements of Lothal, Harappa, Mogenjo-daro, Rakhigarchi, Dholavira. In the settlements, infrastructure was developed in the form of the presence of streets, sewerage and water supply systems. The decline of civilization dates back to 1700 BC, the disappearance is explained by a number of reasons, such as external invasions, drainage of rivers that originated from the Himalayan mountains and flowed into the Arabian Sea, the appearance of the Thar desert as a result of a change in the geographical location and climate of the valley.
Who raided the Indus valleys is uncertain exactly. Based on the source of the ancient description - the book of the Rig Veda, the period of sunset coincides with the period of the Aryan conquests in the Indus Valley. In this scripture, early records were found about the conquerors besieging the walls of the cities (citadels) of the local population and the Aryan god of war Indra, who destroys the cities. As a result of these raids, the once developed cities were destroyed, and the population was reduced. Subsequently, people moved to the valley of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers, which is most suitable for growing crops and livestock.
Promotional video:
The Indus Valley civilization undoubtedly left the next generation with the discovery and refinement of technologies, the creation of religious cults and their widespread distribution in the valley and beyond.