How is the process of birth of men and women going on? The X and Y chromosomes are responsible for this. And it all begins when 400 million sperm rush to search for an egg. This is not as difficult a task as it might seem at first glance. In the human body, the egg can be compared to a huge star, to which small sperm starfighters rush from all directions.
Now let's talk about chromosomes. They contain all the information needed to create a person. A total of 46 chromosomes are needed. They can be compared to 46 thick encyclopedia volumes. In this case, each person receives 23 chromosomes from the mother, and the remaining 23 from the father. But only 2 are responsible for gender, and one must be an X chromosome.
If you receive a set of 2 X chromosomes, you will use the ladies' restroom all your life. But if the kit consists of X and Y, then in this case you are doomed to go to the men's room for the rest of your days. At the same time, you need to know that the man bears all responsibility for the gender, since the Y chromosome is contained only in the sperm, and it is absent in the egg. So the birth of boys or girls is completely tied to the male genetic material.
A noteworthy fact is that the Y chromosome is not needed at all to recreate the male sex. Only an initial impetus is needed to start the program for the development of the male body. And it provides a special gene for determining sex.
X and Y chromosomes are not equal. The first one takes over the main work. And the second only protects the genes associated with it. There are only 100 of them, while the X chromosome carries 1,500 genes.
From each X chromosome, one gene is needed to form a male. And for the formation of the female sex, two genes are needed. It's like a cake recipe with one glass of flour. If you take two glasses, then everything will change dramatically.
However, you should know that the female embryo, having two X chromosomes, ignores one of them. This behavior is called inactivation. This is done so that 2 copies of the X chromosome do not produce twice as many genes as required. This phenomenon is referred to as gene dose compensation. The inactivated X chromosome will be inactive in all subsequent cells resulting from division.
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From this it is clear that the cells of the female embryo form a rather complex mosaic, assembled from inactive and active paternal and maternal X chromosomes. As for the male embryo, no inactivation of the X chromosome occurs in it. Hence, it turns out that women are genetically more complex than men. This is a rather loud and bold statement, but fact is fact.
But as for the genes of the X chromosome, of which there are 1,500, many of them are associated with brain activity and determine human thinking. We all know that the sequence of the chromosomes of the human genome was determined in 2005. It was also found that a high percentage of genes on the X chromosome provide the generation of a protein that is involved in the formation of the medulla.
Several of the genes are involved in the formation of brain thinking. These are verbal skills, social behavior, intellectual abilities. Therefore, today scientists consider the X chromosome one of the main points of cognition.
Vyacheslav Markin
