Why Jupiter and not the Sun
“When studying ancient cosmogonic concepts, one cannot help but be striking that the main celestial body for some reason was considered not the Sun, but Jupiter. Accordingly, the main god in the ancient pantheon was Zeus-Jupiter, and not Helios-Sun, and in Ancient Egypt the heretic pharaoh Akhenaten, the husband of the unfortunate Nefertiti, had to go to a coup d'état in order to introduce a rationalistic but short-lived cult instead of the original cult of Amun (Jupiter) Aton - the god of the solar disk.
After experiments revealed the absence of a noticeable neutrino flux from the solar interior, it was time to think about the true distribution of roles in the solar system. After all, if the Sun were an old stable star, feeding on standard thermonuclear reactions, the search for solar neutrinos would not present a problem. This means that the history of the solar system is not as monotonous as it was thought twenty or thirty years ago. In the eyes of the ancients, Jupiter could easily look more influential than the Sun …
Abode of Curses and Evil
The "mystery of Jupiter" is connected with the "mystery of Venus". The ancients considered the planet Venus "the star of evil", the personification of Satan. The Romans associated her with Lucifer, the Phoenicians with Beelzebub, the Jews with Azazil.
Until recently, American Indians and Polynesians brought human sacrifices to the Morning Star. What horrible events echoed in this ill-fame of the brightest planet?
Venus is the closest planet to Earth and is similar in size and weight. But after the successful flights of the Soviet interplanetary stations, scientists became convinced how deceiving the similarity is. Venus, it must be admitted, is not like anyone, she is a real unique.
Only for two bodies - Jupiter and Venus - the equatorial plane lies in the plane of the ecliptic (disk of the solar system), and the axis of rotation is almost strictly perpendicular to it. Consequently, only on Jupiter and Venus there is neither winter nor summer, and the climate is gradually getting harsher not in time, but in space - from the equator to the poles.
Venus is related to Mars in three important ways.
First, both Venus and Mars have atmospheres composed primarily of carbon dioxide, while Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen and oxygen.
Second, there is little water vapor in the atmospheres of both our celestial neighbors. If heavy and heated Venus is as old as our Earth, then why hasn't the water managed to squeeze out from the bowels?
Thirdly, Venus and Mars have no magnetic field, radiation belts, or auroras. How did they get demagnetized and did they ever have an internal dynamo? Note that the magnetic field was found only in the Sun, Earth and Jupiter, and Jupiter is the strongest, hundreds of times stronger than the Sun and Earth.
Most of all, the celestial harmony is disturbed by the slow reverse rotation of Venus around the axis - not from west to east, like all other planets, but from east to west. One of two things - or once Venus turned upside down, its polar axis capsized, the north pole became south; or Venus from the very beginning in its present circumsolar orbit rotated in reverse.
The period of the reverse proper rotation of Venus is equal to 244 Earth days, which is exactly two-thirds of the Earth year. Thus, for one revolution of the planet; around its axis in relation to the Sun (Venusian days) there are 117 Earth days. The Venusian day lasts almost two Earth months, while the Venusian year lasts 224.7 days.
If we compare these figures, then the most striking circumstance becomes clear: at the moment when the Sun, Venus and the Earth line up in one line, the distance between the Earth and the opposing Venus is minimal (41 million kilometers), the same side of the “morning star” is always facing us . According to a number of scientists, “this may be due to the presence of noticeable gravitational anomalies in the interior of the planet,” in other words, the planet consists of inhomogeneous pieces.
This opposition of the planets repeats every one and a half years. The Earth seems to be leading Venus on a string, both planets seem to be somehow connected to each other. “The most amazing thing is, - states the Soviet scientist V. Kurt, - that the rotation of Venus is determined by our Earth: at each approach of Venus, Venus“looks”at us with the same part of the surface.
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The differences in altitude on Venus between nearby regions apparently reach tens of kilometers. Let's do a thought experiment: remove the ocean, expose the Earth - the difference between the Mariinsky Trench and the Himalayas is only about 15 kilometers. And radio altimeters, say, of the Venera-5 and Venera-6 stations at the same level of the atmosphere gave readings, according to which the heights differ by 12-16 kilometers.
A possible explanation for this curious fact is the unevenness of the Venusian surface. The relief is so rough, as if our heavenly neighbor, firmly attached to us, was made up of separate giant blocks that have not yet completely got used to each other.
So it seems that the blocks are tossing and turning, rubbing, breaking, crumbling. The roar of volcanic explosions and the "gnashing of teeth" of venerequakes permeate the carbon dioxide ocean. Sulfur, this inevitable companion of volcanism and hell, is found on Venus, by the way, in abundance …
Young Venus?
Historians do not cease to amaze that the ancient Chinese, Babylonian, Indian and Egyptian astronomers three and a half millennia ago saw only Mercury, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn in the sky, and Venus seemed not to be considered a planet and did not mention it among the planetary luminaries. “The mystery of the four-planetary system” has long puzzled specialists.
The American scientist I. Velikovsky tried to solve it. In 1950, he put forward at first glance a "crazy" hypothesis that Venus - not without the obvious assistance of the "father of heaven" Zeus-Jupiter - appeared in the sky quite recently, in front of historical civilizations, and first in the form of a comet. For some time she wandered between the Sun and Jupiter, more than once passing close to the Earth and Mars and everywhere causing terrible catastrophes on them - floods, rockfalls, fires, hurricanes, earthquakes, etc. Therefore, the memories of Venus as a source of disasters were preserved among all peoples … Only in the 7th century BC, that is, less than three millennia ago, once again colliding with Mars and transferring part of its atmosphere to it, Venus in some not entirely clear, from the point of view of classical celestial mechanics, occupied its present orbit.
Velikovsky's book "Worlds Colliding", published in 1950, was very skeptical of the scientific world. In vain, Einstein himself called for more serious consideration of the arguments set forth in it. Only in recent years did the hypothesis begin to attract the attention of historians of science, and then - after confirming some of its predictions by Soviet and American studies of Venus and Jupiter - also of individual astronomers …
The present order in the heavens was established, as can be judged from the historical annals, at the time when the Trojan War took place and Rome was laid. But Velikovsky's hypothesis is unable to explain how the existing heavenly harmony could be adjusted with the help of purely gravitational forces. Kepler's and Newton's laws destroy the whole construction. The defenders of the hypothesis can only rely on other natural forces, about which science knows little, but which, perhaps, play an important role in the life of the cosmos. They point, for example, to gravitational-magnetic lightning, admitted by modern unified theories of matter. Perhaps, they say, wandering Venus, Mars, Earth and Jupiter formed a billiard combination, as a result of which Venus, after being struck by Zeus' lightning (magnetic cue?), Hitting Mars and Earth, got into a pocket and left the game into a safe orbit. Since then, the Earth has led her, tamed, on a string around the Sun …
This is one of the "crazy ideas" about the relationship of the closest members of the solar family. One incomprehensible is explained by another incomprehensible, other secrets of the solar system are involved in the secrets of Venus. But, I think, there is already quite interesting data to pay close attention to the hypothesis of a young Venus.
V. SKURLATOV, Candidate of Historical Sciences
1980