Black holes are by far some of the most mysterious objects found in the universe. They are considered a kind of space prison, their powerful gravity attracts spatial objects, be it gas clouds or stars; and even quanta of light are not able to escape from their irresistible captivity.
It would seem that for us living in three dimensions, all celestial bodies, including black holes (naturally, with all their contents), must have at least three dimensions. But it's not that simple.
According to the calculations of scientists, the fact that black holes are hypothetically three-dimensional in nature does not at all exclude their two-dimensionality. And that's why. The fact is that since the 70s there has been a theory of the hologram universe, which we cannot observe directly. What is a hologram? This is a two-dimensional plane (for example, a piece of transparent film), which, under a certain illumination with a laser beam and at a certain angle of view, recreates a three-dimensional object in space.
It turns out that all "real" objects are just projections of two-dimensional records on some distant imaginary "wall that limits our world." This wall is very, very conditional.
The new study develops a theory whose main postulate is that black holes are also holograms. This controversial idea was proposed by theoretical physicists who developed a new way to estimate the chaotic state beyond the event horizon (that is, roughly speaking, the impact boundary) of black holes. In order to understand, imagine that a black hole has swallowed some planet. The information about this celestial body, of course, did not disappear without a trace. It is stored on the event horizon, but not in its original three-dimensional form, but, say, in the form of a dynamically changing two-dimensional photograph.
How is this projection created on a huge cosmic scale? The study, published in the journal Physical Review Letters, will allow scientists to gain new information about gravitational waves believed to exist inside black holes.
“We were able to use a more complete and richer model than the loop quantum gravity (LQG) models developed in the past. In turn, this guarantees the most reliable result, says one of the participants in the experiment, Dr. Daniel Pranzetti, an employee of the Max Planck Institute for Theoretical Physics in Munich. "Comparing the simplified LQG models with the results of the semiclassical analysis carried out by Hawking and Bekenstein removes the ambiguity in the interpretation of some processes."
What processes do you mean? In order to get their calculations, scientists used a phenomenon called quantum gravity, which allowed them to study the entropy (a quantitative expression of the randomness of the movement of all components) inside black holes. According to the theory of quantum gravity, the fabric of space-time is made up of "grains" that researchers call "quanta"; it is on the example of these particles that the influence of gravity is studied on an extremely small scale.
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“The idea behind our research is that homogeneous classical geometric shapes are made up of clusters of quanta in space,” explains Pranzetti. "Thus, we have obtained a description of the quantum states of a black hole, with the help of which we can explain the physics of the space-time continuum."
Previous research (in particular, the work of Professor Stephen Hawking) assumed that the entropy of a black hole is proportional to its area, not volume. These results were purely theoretical, since scientists needed some explicit, material components that, with their chaotic movement, could show the essence of the entropy process. For new calculations of gravitational effects, quantum clusters were used, and as a result, it was proved that the composition of black holes is within a two-dimensional plane.
That is, it turns out that our whole world is a reflection of the processes taking place at some imaginary boundaries of the Universe. And the event horizon of black holes is reflections of reflections (how can you not recall Plato's famous allegory about a cave, shadows on its surface and life as an illusion).
Who, then, are people? Is it only a 3D projection of a distant two-dimensional version?.. Everyone has their own answer to this question.
This article is based on research by Daniele Oriti, Daniele Pranzetti, and Lorenzo Sindoni, Horizon Entropy from Quantum Gravity Condensates, Physical Review Letters (2016). DOI: 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.116.211301
Elena Muravyova for neveroyatno.info