Animals communicate using different methods - with the help of smells, gestures, lights, coloring. One of the most common methods of communication in animals is the sounds that they make not only through the mouth and vocal cords, but also through other parts of the body.
Understand the dolphin
There are legends about the mental abilities of dolphins, they are considered the most intelligent creatures of the fauna. These are marine social animals, live in flocks, on average from 10 to 100 individuals. Communicate using a variety of signals, similar to whistling, clattering, clicking and chirping.
Researchers have determined that the vocabulary of dolphins is up to 14 thousand words, speech is ten times faster than human. Sound signals are formed into simple words and sentences, with the help of them the necessary information is transmitted. Dolphins' "conversation" occurs in the range from 150 to 15,000 kilohertz, which is inaccessible to our ears.
If translated into human language, dolphins, when they meet, transmit the most common "everyday" information, for example, they tell each other about their health, where to find a large school of fish, where it is dangerous now, etc.
Research results prove that intelligent and sociable mammals have the most complex communication systems in the animal kingdom. They are probably superior to humans, but humans have not yet learned to recognize them.
Promotional video:
The call of the frog
Certain types of frogs communicate with ultrasound. For example, an amphibian from Southeast Asia (found in Kalimantan, Sumatra) - Kalimantan cascade.
Animals use ultrasonic frequencies up to 38 kilohertz for communication. According to scientists, frogs have thus adapted to their habitat, as they live among waterfalls and mountain rivers, in constant noise. Only high-frequency sounds in such conditions are well heard by other individuals, lower ones are simply impossible to hear.
Another type of frog that lives in Asia (China) is Odorrana tormota, or funnel-eared. They also live among waterfalls and turbulent streams. Local amphibians have adapted - females, in order to attract the attention of a potential groom, emit a high frequency trill. It is perceived by the human ear as the singing of birds. The amphibian publishes "musical" trills due to the unique structure of the eardrum. It is deepened inward, while in other species it is located on the surface.
The female sends a message at regular intervals at different frequencies. Males catch trills and begin to move quickly in the direction of the sound. The accuracy with which the male finds the signal source is striking, the error is less than one degree.
Scientists believe that the ability to emit ultrasound in amphibians living in such areas appeared due to the need to overpower the noise of the water.
The difficult language of gophers and red wolves
Gophers, adorable rodents of small size, they usually stand on their hind legs, watching their territory, and from time to time whistle. With a whistle similar to a squeak, the members of the pack receive and transmit information.
It has been proven that gophers have one of the most complex languages in the world of fauna. They describe with high accuracy not only animals, but also people, distinguishing them by the color of their clothes and other features. With a whistle that lasts a split second, animals can "say" a lot.
Researchers studied one of the types of ground squirrels common in Canada. A whole dictionary of clicks, whistles and chirps was compiled. The sounds have different frequencies and volumes, with the help of which the gophers inform their fellow tribesmen about the danger, where it is coming from, describe the approaching predators, their number, where to find food, and so on.
Red wolves live in small families of 5-12, sometimes 30 individuals. Unlike other species - gray wolves or jackals, they can whistle.
An arsenal of emitted whistles includes clucking and high pitched whistles. Usually used to coordinate the action of a pack when hunting large prey - deer or buffalo.
"He's like a fish"?
The expression "mute like a fish" is not always true. The inhabitants of the water elements emit various sounds that are varied and reach high intensity. From 20 hertz to 12 kilohertz - fish communicate in such a wide range.
Sound signals are generated by different parts of the body. The swim bladder emits drumming, groans and croaks, teeth and fins, bony plates crack, crunch and gnash.
The mullet can clatter like a horse with its hooves, the horse mackerel that lives in the Black Sea barks. Carps, carp and crucian carp, swallowing food, smack their lips, loach and eel squeak, and the African flake meows. Trigla fish does not stop at all, it constantly croaks and mutters something quietly.
It has been established that the sea inhabitants "talk" about the possible danger, where you can meet a representative of the opposite sex and in which direction there is a lot of food.
Insect morse code
Communities of insects without communication could not form and exist. Various means are used for their communication, including sound signals.
For example, a grinder beetle strikes a tree with its head and produces a sound similar to Morse code. Other tree grinders take it well.
The most common sound is stridulation, or chirping, which occurs when one part of the body is rubbed against another at a specific frequency and rhythm. The principle of operation is that one foot (or wing) with teeth rubs over the thickened part of the other foot or wing, a specific sound is obtained.
The loudest chirping of the male cicadas. They use membranous membranes located on the underside of the abdomen. The membranes have muscles that have the ability to bend in and out. As the muscles contract, they emit pops or clicks, and the sound is practically uninterrupted.
The dead head moth has a unique organ located in the throat. If the butterfly is disturbed, it begins to squeak. A loud scream-like sound is created when air is sucked into the esophagus. A thin chitinous membrane, located on the inner side of the butterfly's lip, begins to vibrate.
The animal world is diverse. A person, studying it, learns something new and amazing every day. But it is obvious that the most interesting discoveries are yet to come.
