At the lessons of the history of the Ancient World, the story about how the Egyptian pyramids were built makes an unforgettable impression on schoolchildren. A picture is remembered for the rest of my life, where, across the endless desert under the hot African sun, slaves, exhausted, under the scourges of the overseers, pull multi-ton stone blocks intended for the gigantic tomb of the "living god" - the pharaoh.
Children's hearts are filled with pity for the sufferers and hatred for their oppressors. But in an inquisitive mind, the question arises: could ancient people really cut, process, deliver and lay such huge boulders? Did they have the appropriate technology and tools for this?
Over the years, the doubt that has arisen develops into the belief that the pyramids and other megalithic structures were not built in the way that official historical science describes. Let's try to show this using the example of the Peruvian temple complex of Sacsayhuaman.
Puzzles of ancient masters
The Sacsayhuaman temple and fortress is located in the South American Andes, near the Peruvian city of Cuzco - the former capital of the Inca empire. There are several options for translating this difficult-to-pronounce name from the dialects of the Quechua Indians: "well-fed falcon", "royal eagle", "happy hawk", "marble head" …
Three zig-zag walls, located one above the other and flanking the hillside, are built of huge stone blocks. The largest of them weighs 350 tons at a height of 8.5 meters. Moreover, looking at the wall, one immediately recalls puzzles or a computer game "Tetris".
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The blocks are cut in such a way that one of them has a shaped recess, and the one that should be aligned with it has a corresponding protrusion. This was done for better block adhesion and wall stability in an earthquake-prone area. The boulders have been processed and fitted to each other so carefully that a sheet of paper will not fit into the gap between them.
But which giants played this "computer game"? According to the officially accepted version, Sacsayhuaman was built in the XV-XVI centuries. The construction of the tenth Inca (emperor) Tupac (Topa) Inca Yupanqui (1471-1493) or his father Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui (1438-1471) began.
It lasted more than half a century and ended during the time of Wayne (Wayne) Kapak (1493-1525). The completion of the construction was prevented by the period of civil wars that engulfed the country, and the conquest of the Inca empire by the Spanish conquistadors.
In the 16th century, the Spanish poet and historian Garcilaso de la Vega, in his History of the Inca State, described Sacsayhuaman as follows: “Its proportions cannot be imagined until you have seen it; Seen up close and carefully studied, they make such an incredible impression that you begin to wonder if its structure is connected with some kind of witchcraft. Is it not the creation of humans, but demons?
It is built of such huge stones and in such quantities that a lot of questions immediately arise: how did the Indians manage to cut these stones, how were they transported, how were they shaped and placed on top of each other with such precision? After all, they had neither iron nor steel to cut into the rock and hew the stones, there were neither carts nor oxen for transportation. In fact, in the whole world there are no such carts and such oxen, these stones are so large and the mountain roads are so uneven …"
Battle of the gods
Today, many experts assume that Sacsayhuaman and other monuments in Cusco date back to an earlier period than the Inca culture. “The civilization in question,” explains the writer of the theory of paleocontacts, Andrei Sklyarov, “is at least 10 thousand years old.
Peruvian archaeologists and historians are now talking about this a lot. The Incas just came to this place, saw the ruins. There are good blocks, good buildings, why not stay here."
But what was this mysterious powerful civilization that possessed technologies that are far from our contemporaries? And where did she disappear to?
In the mythology of almost all peoples of the world, there are legends about the battles of the gods. It is entirely possible to assume that many thousands of years ago there really was a highly developed civilization on Earth that possessed technologies that made it possible to process, transport and install multi-ton blocks.
She destroyed herself in a world war that used nuclear or even more powerful planetary weapons. The melted stones of the fortress testify to the effect of high temperatures.
Not far from Sacsayhuaman there is a regular shaped lake. The Incas considered it sacred. Its bottom is a perfect funnel that could have formed at the site of a powerful explosion. Some rocks in the area also seem to have been torn apart by an explosion. Probably, this powerful fortress was subjected to nuclear attack in ancient times.
Plasticine stones
However, there is an exotic hypothesis that the ancient aborigines were able to soften the surface of the stone to the consistency of plasticine, and then molding it into the desired shape. But how could this be?
It is said that a small bird similar to the European kingfisher lives in the Peruvian and Bolivian forests that cover the slopes of the Andes. It nests only on sheer rocks on the banks of mountain streams, in small, perfectly round holes.
British Army Colonel Percy Fawcett (1867 - presumably 1925), who was doing topographical work in the Andes, found that the birds themselves made these holes in limestone, volcanic or granite rocks.
Having chosen a suitable rock for itself, the bird sticks to it. Then, with the leaf of the plant, which she holds in her beak, she begins to rub the surface of the stone in circular movements until the leaf crumbles. Then the bird flies away for a new leaf and continues its leisurely work.
After 4-5 such flights and rock treatments, the bird tries to peck at the cliff, and … the stone begins to crumble under the blows of its beak. It doesn't take very long, and a round hole is formed in the rock, in which the bird can lay eggs and hatch chicks.
Colonel Fawcett, in his diaries published in England, cites an incident told to him by an engineer who worked for a long time in the management of the Cerro de Pasco mines in Peru. On a day off, the engineer, along with several Europeans and Americans, went to inspect, or rather, to rob, several ancient burial places.
They took with them a guide to dig the graves, and several bottles of the local strong alcoholic drink to keep the spirits up. They maintained good spirits, but found nothing worthwhile in the graves, except for a large earthen sealed vessel.
When it was opened, it contained a thick, dark, extremely unpleasant-smelling liquid. Angered by the failure, the American tried to "treat" the guide with it. He began to resist furiously, refusing to drink.
During the fight, the vessel broke, its contents spilled over the stone, and the amazed participants of the trip saw how the liquid disappeared and the stone was covered with some kind of clay-like putty. The liquid and the stone, when combined, formed a paste, from which it was possible to sculpt, like from plasticine!
Let's say the ancient Peruvians really knew how to soften stones. But this does not remove the question of how incredibly huge blocks were delivered to the construction site.
And if it's concrete?
Or maybe there were no multi-ton boulders that, straining, pulled hordes of slaves? The walls are not made of granite, as many researchers believed, but of a local type of limestone. This is stated, for example, by Alexei Kruzer in his article “On the question of the origin of the material of the blocks that make up the walls of the Sacsayhuaman fortress in Cuzco (Peru)”.
And limestone is the main raw material for cement production. By the way, the secret of making this building material was known by the inhabitants of Mesopotamia about 2500 BC, as well as the ancient Egyptians and Romans. So why didn't the ancient Peruvians make cement by mixing calcined and then crushed limestone with certain additives?
And the next stage is the production of concrete, which, hardening, acquired the strength of a stone and did not differ in any way from it in appearance. And there is no need to carry multi-ton blocks. It is enough to make the formwork of the desired shape and pour concrete "porridge" into it. And install a new formwork on the resulting block. And so, layer by layer, build a wall
By the way, the notorious creators of the "New Chronology" Academician Anatoly Fomenko and Gleb Nosovsky argued that the Egyptian pyramids in the Giza Valley were created in this way - from concrete blocks. And it seems that, unlike some of their highly dubious ideas, this version is not devoid of common sense.
Such construction requires neither an army of slaves, nor laser saws, nor aircraft carrying huge blocks through the air. We assume that this hypothesis is too simple to be believed. It's easy to believe in something great. But all ingenious is simple!
Victor MEDNIKOV