Sun Stone
A large-scale discovery took place in 1790, the Stone of the Sun was discovered - the oldest found fragments of the Aztec civilization.
This monolith is endowed with the following dimensions: 3.6 m - diameter, 1.22 meters thick, and weight is 24 tons.
This artifact has a second name - the Aztec calendar. But most scholars consider this statement to be incorrect. The stone of the sun was discovered in 1790 on December 17 during work on the construction of sewage canals in the Zocalo square in Mexico City. It is believed that the symbolic vision of the Aztecs about the universe itself and its origin is displayed there.
In their opinion, people have already passed through four suns (eras). The current civilization sees the fifth sun, which was born in 986. According to their belief, this is the last sun and it will fall as a result of strong tectonic disturbances. The main deity of our sun is the god Tonatiu, and he requires constant sacrifices. If you do not make sacrifices, then the movement of the sun will stop and the world will perish. The face of the deity is placed in the center of the disc.
He has a human heart in his hands. The Tonatiu is surrounded by four squares that represent bygone eras. The first era was destroyed by jaguars that emerged from the bowels of the earth. The second sun is destroyed by a terrible storm. A rain of fire swept away the third era. And the fourth was washed away by the usual rain (here, many trace clear references to the World Biblical Flood). Between the eras, the cardinal directions are located, and in a circle around the deity there are 20 days of the Aztec calendar, which go from right to left.
The second ring shows the days of the week, depicted in the form of rhombuses with internal five marks, as well as two snakes. In the first reptile, the face is colored black and red, this personifies the continuous change of days and nights. It is believed to be a sacrificial stone.
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Teotihuacan
This city was not built by the Aztecs, it was inherited by them. They called it the place where people become deities. It is located near Mexico City, fifty kilometers to the northeast. It is truly one of the most valuable artifacts in the world.
Even the approximate age of this city has not been determined. It is undoubtedly the oldest in Latin America. According to estimated estimates, its population was 220 thousand people, which is approximately equal to the number of people living in Rome at that time. But for some unknown reason, in 700 BC, this city was completely abandoned. But there is also a theory that not a single person lived in this city at all.
The main secret of Teotihuacan is the pyramids, which are strictly oriented to the cardinal points. And they are also erected in relation to the orbits of our planets in the solar system.
The Pyramid of the Sun is the main and highest of the entire complex. It is assumed that the pyramid was erected in parallel with the construction of the famous Colosseum. Next is the pyramid of the moon. The bones of 12 people were found inside it. Literally all with their curls entangled, 10 were lying headless in disarray, and 2 were neatly seated.
Surprisingly, the distance between the pyramids exactly corresponds to the distances between the planets of the solar system, only the scale is 1: 100 million.
In 2008, permission was obtained to explore the cave, which is located under the Pyramid of the Sun. A ban on her examination was issued by the authorities back in 1970, immediately after her discovery. What scientists will be able to find there is still unknown.
The oldest bas-reliefs
During archaeological research near the Templo Mayor temple, literally in the center of Mexico City, tiles were found illustrating the calendar, as well as some events of the Aztec legends. One plate shows the birth of Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. Also, these tiles show the battle of the sun god with the moon goddess. In addition to the cult images of deities, there are the following drawings: a man with a shield, a warrior with a dart thrower, a young man with tied hands and feet, and all kinds of figures.
The estimated age of the find is over 500 years. Raul Barrera (head of ongoing research) suggested that this is some form of writing. Archaeologists are optimistic and believe that the find will help advance the study of the Aztec civilization. After all, so little is known about her.
Obsidian
Aztec craftsmen have reached unprecedented heights in the processing of materials such as Obsidian. Since they did not possess the technology of processing iron, they made knives, arrowheads and even Macuawitley from obsidian - a sword with an obsidian blade and a wooden handle.
“It was a worthy weapon, and an Aztec warrior could give a worthy rebuff to the Spanish conquistador with an iron weapon. The True Story of the Conquest of New Spain."
In addition, Aztec doctors can perform complex operations using obsidian instruments. Indeed, in addition to the sharpness, these instruments had an antiseptic effect. So the method by which the Aztecs obsidian was processed remained unsolved. Indeed, in the modern world, this material can be processed exclusively with diamond cutters.
Secret burial
During excavations at Tempo Major, 2,000 bones were found. Literally all of them were found in the grave of one woman. Her remains have been intact for 500 years. For what reason the burial happened in this way remains a mystery to this day.
This burial was made in the interval between 1481 - 1486 and is not typical for the Aztec culture. Among the bones were found the skulls of seven adults and three adolescents. Moreover, some of the bones have characteristic notches, indicating that the hearts were removed.