Yadigar Khan had four sons:
- Burga-Sultan, - Abulak, - Amunak, - Abacus.
Burga-Sultan was a prince of great courage. His chest was not the same as that of ordinary people, with ribs, but had one solid flat bone. He lived during the time of Abulgair Khan, and his former one is very old.
There was in that land a certain Prince from the descendants of Amir-Timur-Khanovs, named Abusait-Mirza, who, having killed another Prince by the name of Abdulatif-Mirza, took possession of the whole land, and forced the son of Mirza-Mohammed-Chuki to flee to Abulgair-Khan, who accepted him very well, why his wife was the aunt on the paternal side of Mirze-Mohammed-Chuki.
A musician plays the kuggill during a fair in Tartary. Fragment of an eighteenth-century engraving.
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Some time after this, a rumor spread that Abulsait-Mirza with all his strength went to the province of Khorassan, and that from there he came to the land of Mazanderan, entrusting rule in the land of Ma-Urenner, to a certain nobleman of the Arlat generation, named Amir-Maset. Then Mirza-Mohammed-Chuki decided that his hour had struck, and began to ask for help from Abulgair Khan. He summoned Burga-Sultan to lead an army of 30,000 people for a campaign under the command of Mirza-Mohammed-Chuka against Amirsait-Mirza. Burga-Sultan gave its consent.
They set out on Tashkant, which opened the gates for them without any resistance, and from there they went to the city of Shairokhoy, which they also took. Then they crossed the Sirr River, and turned to Samarkant. The governor of Samarkant, not waiting for the return of Abulchait-Mirza, went out with his army to meet. Burga-Sultan decided to take advantage of the enemy's absence of a conadier, and took the battle. He himself commanded the left flank, Mirza-Mahomet-Chuki in the middle, and General Gishkan-Oglan was appointed to command the right flank. In this position, they brutally attacked the army of Abulchait-Mirza, and soon completely defeated.
Amir-Maseta hid behind the walls of Samarkant, and sent a messenger to the land of Mazanderan to notify Abulchait-Mirza of what had happened. He immediately gathered an army, and went to Great Bukharia.
And Burga-Sultan with Mirza-Mahomet-Chuki, meanwhile, had already taken all the cities of the lands of Kuchin, Karmina and Ma-Urenner, leaving only Samarkant and Bukhara.
Notified that Abulchait-Mirza approached the city of Balka, Burga-Sultan judged that while the lands of Tashkant, Turkestan and Ma-Urenner were in their hands, and as long as they could hope for the zeal of their inhabitants, it was necessary to evade the war in every way, and go to the Amu River in order to prevent the enemy from passing the river, for an attempt to cross will entail the death of the entire army. But the nobles of the land of Ma-Urenner, who were of the opinion of Mirza-Mohammed-Chuki, called to the Sirr River, under the city of Shagirokhoy.
Abulchait-Mirza laid siege to it, and after four months of the siege he took it, having acquired the velma of goods and cattle. It was in the summer of 860 (1463).
Soon, Khojash-Mirza and Musabi, close neighbors, quarreled among themselves, waged a great war, in which Musabi changed her teaching. He fled to Burga-Sultan, who was not yet the supreme ruler, and therefore decided that he could not usefully try about Musabi. Therefore, it wisely brought this matter to Meru (Mera is an analogue of the veche).
Burga-Sultan was so skillfully able to persuade the gathering of his father's most noble subjects that they unanimously agreed to give autocratic power to Zhadigar and declare him Khan. Then Burga gathered an army, and together with Musabi went out against Khojash-Mirza. It was very bad at first. It happened at the beginning of winter, and a lot of snow fell. The warriors suffered hunger and cold, and it was absolutely impossible for the horses to dig out food from under the snow. The officers began to advise to turn back before it's too late. But Burga gave two days, and if the army of Khojash-Mirza is not found, then he will turn back.
The army was soon found. Scouts were sent to the enemy's camp, who took the tongue and were notified that this was the army of Khojash-Mirza. The army of Burg-Sultan suddenly swooped down on the enemy from all sides, and everyone was chopped up or completely taken. Khojash-Mirza was killed, and his daughter took Burga-Sultan as his wife. Until spring, Burgi's army was stationed in the neighboring city.
Further, Alulgazi-Bayadur-Khan narrates about the numerous wars that took place between the descendants of Genghis Khan. Throughout several chapters, the events described resemble one another, like a string of nightmares. Only the names of the destroyed cities and the names of opponents who, having forgotten the behests of their great ancestor, surrendered to pride, a thirst for power and wealth, and blinded by mutual hatred, tirelessly exterminated each other, change.
It was a bloody civil war that claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and hundreds of cities and towns, which were completely erased both from the face of the Earth and from national memory. During this period, the pearl of Great Tartary, the greatest Semipalat fortress in Turkestan, was completely destroyed. It is symbolic that in the twentieth century, it was in its place that the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site was built, where the most destructive weapons created by man were tested.
The translator in his footnote describes in detail the great city of white stone with the Semipalate citadel. But the most curious thing in his note is the mention that the Russian emperor (which one is not specified) sent a team to the ruins of Semipalatinsk, which returned to St. Petersburg with a library found under the ruins. It is said that a great many scrolls and books were written on paper, silk and parchment, in many languages, including Chinese.
Enthusiasts who study the so-called "star fortresses" are aware of the existence of such a fortress on the site of the present village of Staraya Fortress, near Semipalatinsk. But few people believe that it was built by Russian fortifiers in the eighteenth century. But the information that a whole library of the period of the "Dzhungar wars" was found there is not found anywhere except for this manuscript. As nothing is known about her further fate.
The following episode eloquently speaks of the fall in morals in the remnants of the Golden Horde:
Timur-Sultan, returning to Uassir, immediately brought one leg of a ram to his father Akattay-Khan, who asked him where he took it. And when he was notified that this was presented to him by a man that for the sake of an offering he had killed an obese ram, said to his son: “I am already fifty years old, but I didn’t bother anyone by someone feeding me. You are only fifteen years old, and the same one you go to the peasants who beat the rams to treat you. What will you do when you get older? Then they will beat horses and cows? And your subjects will take an example from you, and will also begin to go to poor people for gifts. So you will drive into poverty those for whom you are obliged to care and take care of according to your position. It is you who must provide them with the opportunity to feed themselves in order to increase your strength."
Then Khan stripped his son and did fifty lashes for him, so that the shirt on his back was soaked with blood.
Timur-Sultan learned his lesson, and later became a good ruler, taking possession of a province with 5 or 6 thousand names of Turkomans. However, he never learned to write or read, although he regularly kept an account of his income and expenses.
As we remember, the author has repeatedly mentioned the facts above that directly indicate that earlier, all Mogulls, from small to large, were literate, and regardless of their position in society. And the fact that by the middle of the sixteenth century, not even all the khans were literate, is evidence of decline. The decline in the level of education is a sure sign indicating the imminent collapse of the state. Another alarming sign is the emergence of claims to power among the closest neighbors:
Ambassador Pialash arrived at the court of Abdullah Khan from Sultan Caliph of Rum. The caliph offered to conclude an alliance with all his forces, and in return promised not to attack the lands of Khorassan and Turkestan.
It clearly follows from this that the Ottoman Turks, who already possessed Constantinople, ceased to see serious competitors in the moguls and made the expectation that the empire was weakened by the civil war. In addition, they believed that the direct descendants of Genghis Khan were no longer in the horde, and they considered themselves the only legitimate heirs to the throne of the Mogul empire, who were given power from God himself.
Therefore, it is necessary for our contemporaries to understand strictly that if a neighbor treats you arrogantly and has territorial and other claims, then this is not a bad neighbor. It is you who have lost the ability to resist aggression. The stronger are always trying to absorb the weak. And the only way for the state not to disappear from the pages of textbooks is to be strong.
When Arap-Mohammed-Khan got the Kharassm scepter, he left in the summer to the bank of the Amu River with his nobles. And the Yaidzhik Russians were notified that in the summer there are few military forces left in Urgens. They came there in number of 1000 people, and more than 1000 were chopped there. They loaded 1000 carts of various goods, and what they could not take, they burned everything. Arap-Mohammed-Khan was notified of this, and stopped the Russians from returning to a certain dangerous place. The Yaidzhik russians had never seen trees at all, and dense oak forests grow in abundance near the Amu River, and that's where they were ambushed.
They abandoned their wagon train and went around. But Khan got ahead of them, and locked the packs in another place, where there was absolutely no water. Only 100 people survived, and they built a hut for themselves. We ate fishing, waiting for a good chance to return. But Arap-Muhammad-Khan was notified of their refuge, sent soldiers there, who cut them all down. It was in the vicinity of the city of Tuk.
Here the author describes his own version of the campaign of the detachment of the Ural Cossacks under the leadership of the ataman Begovich (Khiva campaign of 1714-1717). Most likely, the old khan is trying to justify the senseless barbaric extermination of the detachment that did not go to Urgench, did not chop down or rob anyone. In fact, the expedition was undertaken for reconnaissance of the area in order to find out whether the Kgesell River (northern tributary of the Amu Darya) flows into the Aral Sea. According to other villages, the main task of the campaign was to confirm or refute rumors that there are rich placers of native gold in this river.
Six months later, a detachment of 1000 Kolmaks was also chopped up due to the Khan's suspicions of their unkind thoughts.
And two years later, Arap-Mohammed-Khan decided that the Naimanns were plotting to steal his throne.
And after the Kalmaks came and avenged the death of their people, Khan began to suspect treason among his sons, of whom he had seven. He forbade them to sleep with their wives for a whole year, and sent two of them on a campaign to Persia.
He ordered to dig ditches from the Kgesel River with locks, into which they began to let water, and the rye paki began to give birth abundantly. And so abundantly born that the prices of bread fell to their former levels. One tanga can buy 200 pounds. (here is an indication of climate change in the middle of the eighteenth century) When it was necessary to water the fields with rye, the gates were opened, and the water from the river filled the canvas. And then the gates were closed, and the Paki river flowed in its former course. (i.e. Arap-Mahomet-Khan can be considered the father of irrigation canals in Turkestan)
The sons of Khan Ilbars-Sultan and Isfandiar-Sultan, having returned from Persia, brought a lot of good. And Arap-Mohammed-Khan was away. Returning home from the city of Hayuk, he stopped with the nobles for the night in a town called Khasgan. Ilbars-Sultan was notified of this, and sent five hundred people from his best army, and sent them there. They captured Arap-Mohammed-Khan and his closest people, and took them back to Hayuk. They were treated like prisoners.
Ilbars-Sultan distributed his father's treasury to the army, and his brother Isfandiar-Sultan became a khan.
The following are detailed descriptions of how Ilbars let his father free, and himself, realizing that he could not bear his head for his act, went into the woods with six loyal officers. And then, as if in a television serial, a series of palace intrigues, betrayals, betrayals, chases, etc. are described. From the point of view of lovers of adventure novels filled with oriental exoticism, this may turn out to be interesting, but we are only interested in the historical side of events, and not in the romance in the style of the movie “The Baghdad Thief”.
After the death of Arap-Mohammed-Khan, Isfandiar-Sultan took possession of the paki throne. He ruled for 12 years and died in the summer of 1044 (1647) called Gilki, which means horse. After his death, his brother Sharif-Mohammed-Sultan took the dignity of the khan and went to Urgens. He quarreled with the Kalmaks, who took away a significant part of his Khorasm lands. He died in the summer of 1052 (1655).
Further, the author describes in detail the birth, military exploits and death of Abdulgachi-Bayadur-Khan in 1677. And the manuscript ends unexpectedly:
Author: kadykchanskiy