The proposed method is based on the following:
- The electronic bond between hydrogen and oxygen atoms weakens in proportion to the increase in water temperature. This is confirmed by practice when burning dry coal. Before burning dry coal, it is poured over with water. Wet coal gives more heat, burns better. This is due to the fact that at a high combustion temperature of coal, water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen burns and gives additional calories to coal, and oxygen increases the volume of oxygen in the air in the furnace, which contributes to better and complete combustion of coal.
- The ignition temperature of hydrogen is from 580 to 590 degrees Celsius, the decomposition of water must be below the hydrogen ignition threshold.
- The electronic bond between hydrogen and oxygen atoms at a temperature of 550 degrees Celsius is still sufficient to form water molecules, but the orbits of electrons are already distorted, the bond with hydrogen and oxygen atoms is weakened. In order for the electrons to leave their orbits and the atomic bond between them to disintegrate, the electrons need to add more energy, but not heat, but the energy of a high voltage electric field. Then the potential energy of the electric field is converted into the kinetic energy of the electron. The speed of electrons in a direct current electric field increases in proportion to the square root of the voltage applied to the electrodes.
- The decomposition of superheated steam in an electric field can occur at a low steam velocity, and such a steam velocity at a temperature of 550 degrees Celsius can be obtained only in an open space.
- To obtain hydrogen and oxygen in large quantities, it is necessary to use the law of conservation of matter. From this law it follows: in what amount water was decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen, in the same amount we get water by oxidizing these gases.
The possibility of carrying out the invention is confirmed by examples carried out in three variants of installations.
All three variants of plants are made from the same, uniform cylindrical products from steel pipes.
First option
Operation and device of the installation of the first option (diagram 1)
In all three versions, the operation of the installations begins with the preparation of superheated steam in an open space with a steam temperature of 550 degrees Celsius. The open space provides a speed along the steam decomposition circuit up to 2 m / s.
Promotional video:
Superheated steam is prepared in a heat-resistant steel pipe / starter /, the diameter and length of which depends on the power of the installation. The power of the installation determines the amount of decomposed water, liters / s.
One liter of water contains 124 liters of hydrogen and 622 liters of oxygen, in terms of calories it is 329 kcal.
Before starting the installation, the starter is warmed up from 800 to 1000 degrees Celsius / warming up is done in any way /.
One end of the starter is plugged with a flange through which the dosed water for decomposition is supplied to the calculated power. The water in the starter heats up to 550 degrees Celsius, flows freely from the other end of the starter and enters the decomposition chamber, to which the starter is flanged.
In the decomposition chamber, superheated steam is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by an electric field created by positive and negative electrodes, to which a direct current with a voltage of 6000 V is supplied. The chamber body itself / pipe / serves as a positive electrode, and a thin-walled steel pipe mounted on the center of the case, along the entire surface of which there are holes with a diameter of 20 mm.
The tube - electrode is a grid that should not create resistance for the hydrogen to enter the electrode. The electrode is attached to the pipe body on bushings and high voltage is applied to the same attachment. The end of the negative electrode tube is terminated with an electrically insulating and heat-resistant tube for the hydrogen to escape through the chamber flange. Oxygen outlet from the decomposition chamber body through a steel pipe. The positive electrode / camera body / must be grounded and the positive pole at the DC power source must be grounded.
The yield of hydrogen in relation to oxygen is 1: 5.
Second option
Operation and arrangement of the installation according to the second option (scheme 2)
The installation of the second version is designed to obtain a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen due to the parallel decomposition of a large amount of water and oxidation of gases in boilers to obtain high-pressure working steam for power plants operating on hydrogen / hereinafter WPP /.
The operation of the installation, as in the first version, begins with the preparation of superheated steam in the starter. But this starter is different from the 1st version. The difference lies in the fact that a branch is welded at the end of the starter, in which a steam switch is mounted, which has two positions - "start" and "work".
The steam obtained in the starter enters the heat exchanger, which is designed to adjust the temperature of the recovered water after oxidation in the boiler / K1 / to 550 degrees Celsius. The heat exchanger / To / is a pipe, like all products with the same diameter. Heat-resistant steel pipes are mounted between the pipe flanges, through which superheated steam passes. The tubes are flowed with water from a closed cooling system.
From the heat exchanger, the superheated steam enters the decomposition chamber, exactly the same as in the first version of the installation.
Hydrogen and oxygen from the decomposition chamber enter the burner of boiler 1, in which the hydrogen is ignited by a lighter - a torch is formed. The torch, flowing around the boiler 1, creates a high-pressure working steam in it. The tail of the torch from boiler 1 enters boiler 2 and with its heat in boiler 2 prepares steam for boiler 1. Continuous oxidation of gases begins along the entire circuit of the boilers according to the well-known formula:
As a result of the oxidation of gases, water is reduced and heat is released. This heat is collected in the installation by boilers 1 and 2, converting this heat into high-pressure working steam. And the recovered water with a high temperature enters the next heat exchanger, from there to the next decomposition chamber. This sequence of the transition of water from one state to another continues as many times as it is required to receive energy from this collected heat in the form of working steam to ensure the design capacity of the WPP.
After the first portion of superheated steam bypasses all the products, gives the circuit the calculated energy and leaves the last one in the boiler circuit 2, the superheated steam is directed through the pipe to the steam switch mounted on the starter. The steam switch from the "start" position is transferred to the "work" position, after which it enters the starter. The starter is switched off / water, heating /. From the starter, superheated steam enters the first heat exchanger, and from there into the decomposition chamber. A new turn of superheated steam begins along the circuit. From this moment on, the contour of decomposition and plasma is closed on itself.
Water is consumed by the installation only for the formation of high-pressure working steam, which is taken from the return flow of the exhaust steam circuit after the turbine.
The disadvantage of power plants for wind farms is their cumbersomeness. For example, for a wind farm with a capacity of 250 MW, it is necessary to simultaneously decompose 455 liters of water per second, and this will require 227 decomposition chambers, 227 heat exchangers, 227 boilers / K1 /, 227 boilers / K2 /. But such cumbersomeness will be justified a hundredfold only by the fact that only water will be the fuel for the wind farm, not to mention the environmental cleanliness of the wind farm, cheap electric energy and heat.
Third option
3rd version of the power plant (diagram 3)
This is exactly the same power plant as the second one.
The difference between them is that this installation works constantly from a starter, the steam decomposition and hydrogen combustion in oxygen circuit is not closed on itself. The final product in the installation will be a heat exchanger with a decomposition chamber. This arrangement of products will allow to receive, in addition to electric energy and heat, also hydrogen and oxygen or hydrogen and ozone. The power plant for 250 MW, when operating from the starter, will consume energy to warm up the starter, water 7.2 m3 / h and water for the formation of working steam 1620 m3 / h / water is used from the exhaust steam return loop /. In the power plant for the wind farm, the water temperature is 550oC. Steam pressure 250 at. The energy consumption for creating an electric field per decomposition chamber will be approximately 3600 kW / h.
The 250 MW power plant, when placing products on four floors, will occupy an area of 114 x 20 m and a height of 10 m. Excluding the area for a turbine, generator and transformer for 250 kVA - 380 x 6000 V.
THE INVENTION HAS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES
- The heat generated by the oxidation of gases can be used directly on site, and hydrogen and oxygen are obtained by utilizing waste steam and process water.
- Low water consumption when generating electricity and heat.
- The simplicity of the way.
- Significant energy savings as it is spent only on warming up the starter to the established thermal regime.
- High productivity of the process, because dissociation of water molecules takes tenths of a second.
- Explosion and fire safety of the method, because in its implementation, there is no need for containers for collecting hydrogen and oxygen.
- During the operation of the installation, water is purified many times, being converted into distilled water. This eliminates sediments and scale, which increases the service life of the installation.
- The installation is made of ordinary steel; with the exception of boilers made of heat-resistant steels with lining and shielding of their walls. That is, no special expensive materials are required.
The invention can find application in industry by replacing hydrocarbon and nuclear fuel in power plants with cheap, widespread and environmentally friendly water, while maintaining the power of these plants.
CLAIM
A method for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water vapor, including passing this vapor through an electric field, characterized in that superheated water vapor with a temperature of 500 - 550 degrees Celsius is used, passed through a high-voltage direct current electric field to dissociate the vapor and divide it into hydrogen atoms and oxygen.