This is the explanation given by the Ministry of Economic Development - the real incomes of the population decreased due to the deterioration in the welfare of wealthy Russians. The less well-to-do strata of the population, on the contrary, had a better situation with real income.
Purely mathematically, of course, this is real, but usually all the media have information that the super-rich in our country are being added and added.
Real incomes of the population decreased last year by 0.2% compared to the previous year, according to the Economic Development Ministry's survey “The picture of the economy. January 2019 . At the same time, the ministry notes that the drop in income was heterogeneous. There was a serious differentiation depending on the level of well-being. First of all, the incomes of the wealthier groups of the population with incomes above the average level decreased. The income of such residents of Russia was influenced by the drop in rates on bank deposits, an increase in real estate taxes, and an increase in payments on mortgage loans.
At the same time, the incomes of the less well-off residents of Russia supported an increase in the minimum wage (minimum wage), an increase in payments to families with children, an increase in salaries in the public sector, the review says.
The Ministry of Economic Development does not provide specific indicators by population groups for the year.
However, on February 7, Rosstat provided data on the real incomes of Russians for the entire last year. The differentiation of the Russian population in terms of income in 2018 did not change compared to a year earlier, it follows from the data of the department: last year, 10% of the richest Russians accounted for 30.1% of the total amount of monetary income, in 2017 - also 30, 1%, and the share of the poorest population of the country in 2018 accounted for only 2% of the total money income of residents, which is also equal to the indicator of 2017. The monthly income is less than 7,000 rubles. last year 5% of Russian residents had it (in 2017 - 5.5%), and more than 60,000 rubles. received only 11.9% of the population (against 10.9% a year earlier), indicates Rosstat.
Falling real incomes of Russians in 2017 and 2016 was more noticeable - by 1.2 and 5.8%, respectively, follows from the survey of the Ministry of Economic Development. Last year, the average wage in Russia increased, according to the survey. It follows from it that hired workers began to receive 6.7% more in real terms. The Ministry of Economic Development notes that the situation on the labor market was “positive”. The growth of wages was helped by the increase in the minimum wage, the indexation of wages to public sector employees, the report says.
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The unemployment rate in 2018 in Russia dropped to a historic low of 4.8%, according to the Ministry of Economic Development. The number of employed people increased by 215,700 people (+ 0.3%) due to a decrease in the total number of unemployed by 311,000 people (-7.8%), the survey says.
Real incomes of Russians have been falling for the fifth year in a row, according to Rosstat data. In the modern history of Russia, there has never been such a long decline - even in the 1990s, Kirill Tremasov, director of the analytical department of Loko-Invest, told Vedomosti. According to his forecast, with inflation accelerating, tax hikes and a tight budget policy, there is little doubt that the fall in income will continue this year.
Rosstat data on the real income of Russians in 2018 (-0.2%) were significantly lower than the forecast of both the Ministry of Economic Development (+ 3.4%) and President Vladimir Putin (+ 0.5%).
Who will be fired in 2019?
It will be more difficult to get a job in 2019. Pension reform will come into force. In addition, automation will make the work of some accountants, lawyers, economists, bankers and security guards unnecessary.
The law is not important, give us money.
In 2019, a pension reform has begun to take effect, as a result of which the retirement age for men is raised to 65 years, for women - up to 60 years. The transition to new age limits is proposed to be carried out gradually. At the same time, the deputies provided for criminal liability for the unjustified dismissal of Russians who have five or less years left before retirement.
The deputies agreed to such a legislative restriction, despite warnings from business that this measure would threaten the entire system of labor relations. So, people over 45 years old still find it very difficult to find a job, and as a result of raising the retirement age, the problem will only get worse.
“Changes in the labor market will begin when the first judicial practice appears - that is, when the CEO who dismissed the pre-retirement is imprisoned or fined. Then there will be a resonance in business and society, and if this litigation continues to grow, business will also start looking for ways to circumvent these risks,”says Zhanna Volkova, Marketing Director of Kelly Services.
Also, starting next year, provisions are being introduced that provide for additional guarantees of social support for citizens of pre-retirement age. For this category of citizens, the minimum allowance will be 1,500 rubles, as for other Russians. The maximum was increased to 11,280 rubles, which is equal to 100% of the size of the subsistence minimum of the working-age population for the second quarter of 2018.
If a citizen of pre-retirement age has lost his job and cannot find a job within a year, then he can apply for benefits. True, he will not be able to count on benefits after dismissal for violation of labor discipline. The maximum period for receiving benefits is 12 months in total over one and a half years.
Those who have significant work experience - 25 and 20 years for men and women, respectively - or the length of service required for early retirement can count on a longer benefit. For each year over this experience, plus 2 weeks is given, but no more than 24 months in total for 36 months.
According to Sergei Denisenko, head of the press service for the job search service and Rabota.ru employees, after the adoption of the law on pension reform, Russians began to value registration under the law less.
So, already at the end of 2018, it became noticeable from vacancies that the parameter "registration by TC", which was very important for a large number of applicants, has become less priority.
“If earlier it was the third in importance, now it is the sixth. This suggests that in 2019, official registration may not be the most important factor for applicants,”the expert notes.
Money will become the main motive for people in 2019, that is, other motivation (including non-material) will fade into the background. Many are in a panic, because mass layoffs in 2019 await people of different professions. Who will be fired in Russia, of course, most of them want to know. The Ministry of Labor told which specialists are threatened with layoffs in 2019. This was reported by Izvestia.
Most of the layoffs are expected in the banking sector. 30 thousand people employed in this area may be unemployed. This is due to the reduction in the number of credit institutions in the country. Experts recalled that in 2018 the Central Bank revoked more banks' licenses than in the past. Also at risk were transport workers. The reductions will affect 27 thousand people. In addition, large-scale layoffs are expected in the production of electrical equipment, machinery, building materials and mining.
According to the Ministry of Labor, more than 230 thousand Russians may lose their jobs. The ministry noted that the forecast was made for the period from December 12 to March 12. The data is based on a survey of 46 thousand organizations that employ 12 million people. On December 19, 2018, the Ministry of Labor said that the number of officially unemployed in Russia could grow by 38 percent - up to 1.1 million people. This is due to an increase in unemployment benefits and retirement age.