Analyzing a little more attentively quite open and even generally known information, you can easily find such amazing things that your head is spinning. This article tells about some of the miracles in besieged Leningrad …
Walking through St. Petersburg, you notice that every house and every monument reminds of the great historical past of this city. The great and heroic past is not disputed by anyone, but the conditions in which ordinary people had to make superhuman efforts, starve and die, upon closer examination, are artificially created.
From the presentation of the history of the blockade of Leningrad, we know that during the war the city was subjected to intense bombardment and artillery shelling. On the walls of houses in St. Petersburg, you can still find old signs informing that this side is safe during shelling, and on the facades of houses you can see marks from shells that hit them.
Under these conditions, the inhabitants of Leningrad performed feats every day, worked and slowly died of hunger. To raise morale, at one time in the political administration of Leningrad, an idea appeared to glorify the immortal feat of the inhabitants of the city, and in one of its newspapers there appeared a note about the heroic labor of Leningrad residents under conditions of constant shelling. It contains information that 148,478 shells fell on the territory of Leningrad. This figure became the standard for all the years of the blockade, sunk into the minds of historians, and they could no longer get rid of it.
Here's how historians describe these events:
Leningraders lived in constant nervous tension, shelling followed one after another. From September 4 to November 30, 1941, the city was shelled 272 times for a total duration of 430 hours. Sometimes the population remained in the bomb shelters for almost a day. On September 15, 1941, the shelling lasted 18 hours 32 meters, on September 17 - 18 hours 33 meters. In total, during the blockade, about 150 thousand shells were fired in Leningrad …
Please note: on September 15, the shelling lasted 18 hours, and not one gun was firing, but the entire artillery of the front. At St. Isaac's Cathedral on this occasion, they even hung a commemorative plaque (in honor of perpetuating the fact that a shell hit the column of St. Isaac's Cathedral).
Promotional video:
But an elementary check of this figure shows that it was taken from the ceiling and does not reflect real events in any way (at the time of the end of the siege of Leningrad).
You can prove it right on your fingers! Let's take a large-caliber long-range gun (155, 203 or 210 mm). This weapon fires 1 shot in 2 (two) minutes. This weapon makes 30 shots per hour. For a working day - 240 shots (an 8-hour working day, we remember that German soldiers fought on schedule, these are not robots, they must eat and rest), for 18 hours of continuous shelling, the gun makes 540 shots, for 430 hours - 12,900 shots. Accordingly, the artillery battery fired 77,400 rounds during the same time, and the artillery battalion - 232,200 rounds. For 900 days of siege 1 such a gun makes "only" 216 thousand shots.
The standard artillery battery of our and the German army consisted of 6 guns, an artillery division - 18 guns, and there were a sufficient number of such divisions at the front in the German army, all cities after the war were in ruins.
Thus, from the verification of the information given by historians in writing, we can conclude that there were much more falling shells, which is confirmed by the destruction of Leningrad. The constant repetition by historians of this fact speaks of their inability or unwillingness to move away from the prevailing myth.
The second fact, which is very alarming in the description of the Siege of Leningrad, is the complete non-observance of the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy.
The third fact is the constant give-away game from the German troops.
Let's start with giveaways. Von Leib, the commander of the Army North, was a competent and experienced commander. He had up to 40 divisions under his command (including tank divisions). The front in front of Leningrad was 70 km long. The density of troops reached the level of 2-5 km per division in the direction of the main attack. In this situation, it is only historians who do not understand anything about military affairs to say that under these conditions he could not take the city.
We have repeatedly seen in feature films about the defense of Leningrad how German tankers drive into the suburbs, crush and shoot a tram. The front had been broken through and there was no one ahead of them. In their memoirs, von Leib and many other commanders of the German army claimed that they were forbidden to take the city, were given orders to withdraw from advantageous positions.
Next interesting point
It is known that the Kirovsky plant worked during the blockade. The second fact is also known - he was 3 (three !!!) kilometers from the front line. For people who did not serve in the army, I will say that a bullet from a Mosin rifle can fly at such a distance if you shoot in the right direction (I just keep silent about artillery guns of a larger caliber).
Residents were evacuated from the area of the Kirov plant, but the plant continued to work under the very nose of the German command, and it was never destroyed (although, one lieutenant-artilleryman with a battery of not the largest caliber could cope with this task, given the correct task and sufficient the amount of ammunition).
About historical myths and reality
The Kirov plant produced various products: KV-1 tanks, SAU-152 self-propelled guns, by 1943 they mastered the production of IS-1 and IS-2 tanks (in the background, SAU-152 is being assembled). From the photos posted on the Internet, we can imagine the scale of tank production (this is a large and mass production). In addition to the Kirov plant, other plants in Leningrad also worked, producing shells and other military products.
In the spring of 1942, tram traffic resumed in Leningrad …
This is just a small piece of reality, very different from the historical myths written by professional historians.
Now a little about physics
One of the questions that no "historian" can answer is the question: where did they get the electrical energy in the required amount?
For the main law of physics says that energy does not come from anywhere and does not go anywhere, but translated into everyday language, it sounds like this: how much energy was produced, so much was spent (and no more). There are standards in man-hours and units of energy spent on the production of a unit of production, let it be a shell or a tank, and these standards are rather big.
A little of the economy
Based on the standards of that time, a certain amount of resources and materials was distributed between industries without excesses, in accordance with plans and tasks. On the basis of this distribution, the minimum stocks of raw materials, materials, tools and finished products were created at enterprises, which ensured the uninterrupted operation of factories (usually for two weeks, less often for a month) with a constant supply of the necessary (as mining or production) and dispatch of finished products.
Under the conditions of the blockade of a single city, there are no strategic reserves of fuel, raw materials, materiel and energy capable of meeting the needs of the city (or at least industry) for more than three months. In the context of austerity in energy and food, it is possible to stretch stocks, but to save electricity, it is necessary to stop production - the main consumer of energy, but this did not happen. The factories in Leningrad did not stop for a day.
One can agree with the assumption that part of the coal for energy production was taken from the fleet, but the main base of the fleet was Tallinn, and it was captured. Thermal power plants consume much more coal than any ship. Let's see what "historians" and "chroniclers" write about this:
Due to the shutdown of almost all power plants, some of the machines had to be set in motion by hand, due to which the working day increased. Quite often some of the workers stayed overnight in the shop, saving time on urgent front orders. As a result of such selfless labor activity, in the second half of 1941 the active army received from Leningrad 3 million shells and mines, more than 3 thousand regimental and anti-tank guns, 713 tanks, 480 armored vehicles, 58 armored trains and armored platforms.
2. Helped the working people of Leningrad and other sectors of the Soviet-German front. In the fall of 1941, during the fierce battles for Moscow, the city on the Neva sent over a thousand artillery pieces and mortars, as well as a significant number of other types of weapons, to the troops of the Western Front.
In the difficult situation in the autumn of 1941, the main task of the workers of the besieged city was to supply the front with weapons, ammunition, equipment and uniforms. Despite the evacuation of a number of enterprises, the capacity of the Leningrad industry remained significant. In September 1941, the city's enterprises produced over a thousand 76-mm cannons, over two thousand mortars, hundreds of anti-tank guns and machine guns.
The fact remains: the number of products produced is counted and announced, you cannot argue with the fact. Now let's think a little about what the historians actually wrote.
The first question is about the method of delivering 713 tanks, 3,000 guns, a million shells and, most importantly, 58 armored trains from the besieged city to the active army and mostly near Moscow - all this can be transported only on rails, and at least 100 echelons are required. For tanks and armored trains, even more so, do not carry on boats (such boats (ferries) did not exist yet).
The second question is that mass production was announced (and this is in the conditions of a siege). Tales about the fact that you can release something without having raw materials, materials and, moreover, tools, can only be told to illiterate people!
All this points to the constant supply of necessary materials and raw materials. After all, in the blockaded city of Leningrad there were no coal mines, iron ore and other deposits to provide the industry with coal, steel, coke, fluxes and other materials!
"Historians" argue that the machines were rotated by hand - this is just the speculation of people who are illiterate in technology: try a machine with a 3-10 kW drive (these are the drives that industrial drilling and lathes have) to turn by hand and turn a metal blank. You will immediately realize that this is the most common invention, with your hands it is not something to ensure the required rotation speed, it is simply impossible to turn such a machine!
Historians also argue that the main reason for the increase in working hours was not a heroic impulse to give everything for a common victory, but the lack of electricity. From the works of "historians":
In the autumn and winter of 1941/42, Soviet artillery fought this struggle in extremely difficult conditions: there was not enough ammunition, artillery instrumental reconnaissance means, there was no corrective aviation, the firing range of Soviet guns was at first inferior to German ones, therefore, until the spring of 1942, the enemy's artillery was opposed defensive in nature, although the retaliatory strikes of Soviet artillery and weakened the combat power of the enemy.
Still, it's interesting - they themselves did not have enough shells or they ferried 3 million shells to the army! Why? Did they have any problems in the blockade? How did they increase the firing range of the guns? Probably, the guns rolled closer ?! This is another example of not just an illiterate presentation and misunderstanding of information, but complete falsification!
The firing range of the gun itself does not increase or decrease, and is initially set by design parameters! Historians had to point out that new weapons with an increased firing range were designed, manufactured, tested and adopted. It seems that historians wrote like this, hoping that no one would read or analyze it …
Now let's deal with the production of electricity
There were five thermal power plants on the territory of Leningrad; they were part of the Energy System of the Leningrad Region. Power engineers write about this time like this:
Let's comment on the article a little: since September 1941, the production of electricity has decreased due to the extreme economy regime. By January 1942, the city ran out of coal, thermal power plants practically stopped, and only 3000 kW were produced. At the same time, the Volkhovskaya HPP produced 2000 kW (2 MW), and this was enough only for the railway. node and military units (that is, pay attention to the figure - 2 megawatts is very small on a city scale).
During the Great Patriotic War, when most of the power plants of besieged Leningrad could not work due to lack of fuel. In the winter of 1941-1942, boiler No. 3 of the Krasny Oktyabr power plant was converted to burn milled peat, which was available at the peat enterprises of the Vsevolozhsk region. The start-up of this unit made it possible to increase the load of the power plant to 21-22 thousand kW out of 23-24 thousand kW generated by the system. (Wikipedia)
That is, the final figure was announced: the entire system (more precisely, one thermal power plant on peat plus the Volzhskaya HPP) produced 24 thousand kilowatts until the end of the war. The figure only seems large, but, for example, I will cite that this energy is not enough for one city (for example, Grodno 338 thousand people) to boil electric kettles at the same time.
Since the spring of 1942, 6 tram routes have operated in Leningrad. To ensure this energy consumption, 3.6 thousand kW of electricity (3.6 MW) is required. So that on each route there are 20 trams with a total of 120 (total) with an estimated engine power of 30 (!) KW (for example, modern trams have a capacity of up to 200 kW).
Now a little about materials and production
There is a lot to discuss in history, but the fact remains that shells, mortars, guns and tanks are made of iron or special types of steel. It is known to be a hard material, processed mainly by pressure (no matter whether with a hammer or a chisel) and requires the application of great efforts (mainly mechanical), especially in mass production. Welding of armor of tanks requires a huge consumption of electricity (it is not a car body made of tin to weld), industrial welding machines have a power of up to 40 kW.
It remains to draw up the electricity balance
The electricity remaining from the movement of trams (20 MW) needs to power the production of factories, and this is:
tens of thousands of machine tools of 3-10 kW each (millions of shells, bolts, bushings, dowels, shafts, etc.), - 30-100 MW (this is if 10 thousand machines at all factories);
dozens of machine tools for the production of cannon barrels (large-size screw-cutting lathes), rolling mills (there are no armor plates without this), a lot of industrial welding units (after all, they produced 713 tanks in six months, 5 tanks a day), the tank is scalded for more than one day. If we assume that the tank is scalded with one welding unit for three days, then 15 welding units with a total capacity of 600 kW are required.
And as a result of elementary calculations, we get that we have a severe lack of the remaining energy (20 MW), but we need to provide light for the regional committee and city committee of the party, the regional council and city council, the NKVD administration, hospitals, etc.
It remains to sum up the food balance
The need for food in the city was (2 million 544 thousand residents of the city - excluding military groupings, the fleet and residents of the region inside the siege), 1.5 kg of food per day (500 grams of crackers and 1 kg of vegetables and cereals - this is a combined-arms ration) - 3800 tons of food daily (63 modern wagons) - let me remind you that this is without taking into account the number of troops and navy and residents of the region.
The secondary accounting of foodstuffs conducted on September 10 and 11 showed that to provide the troops and the population in Leningrad there were reserves of grain, flour and rusks for 35 days, cereals and pasta - for 30 days, meat and meat products - for 33 days, fats - for 45 days. days, sugar and confectionery - for 60 days (by November it was supposed to be over, and this is taking into account the reduction in consumption by half).
From September to December 1941, through the heroic efforts of Soviet pilots, over 6 thousand tons of cargo were delivered to the besieged city, including 4325 tons of high-calorie food and 1660 tons of ammunition and weapons (in 3 months they brought food for 2 days. It is not clear why carried ammunition, if they were released in Leningrad themselves and transported to the mainland).
In total, by the end of the navigation in 1941, 60 thousand tons of various cargoes were delivered to the besieged city by water, including 45 thousand tons of food (Wikipedia) (for another 20 days of food).
In total, during the first blockade winter, the ice road worked until April 24 (152 days). During this time, 361 109 tons of various cargoes were transported, including 262 419 tons of food (wikipedia) (that is, less than 2000 tons of food was transported per day - this is less than the daily requirement of the city).
The need for food was resolved after the death of almost a million people from hunger and the evacuation of another million 300 thousand refugees during the entire period of the road of life.
conclusions
By November, not only coal should have run out, but all supplies of raw materials and supplies, food. Through austerity, these reserves were stretched until January. The transportation of life along the road by cars with a carrying capacity of 1.5 tons provided only food needs (and even then not completely). It was not revealed by the "historians" what were 100,000 tons of other cargo brought in the first winter, but this did not cover the needs of the industry (these are thousands and thousands of tons). The industry had to stop.
But the factories all worked and worked (this is a fact). Where the additional energy came from is unknown (probably the Germans supplied). Where the resources came from, and how the finished product was shipped, is also unclear.
At the same time, the German command, in order to completely paralyze all the activities of the city, had enough to destroy only 5 power plants (at the initial stage of the war and one after January 1942), which were clearly visible to the spotters of artillery fire from the smoke from the pipes. Is this another accidental carelessness?
It is completely incomprehensible why 713 KV tanks did not solve the issue of lifting the blockade of Leningrad, because at the beginning of the war we had only 636 KV tanks, and these tanks were not penetrated by German cannons. The simultaneous and massive use of these tanks was supposed to push through any defense with the support of 3000 guns fired (and at the beginning of the war we had only 1928 guns) and in the absence of ammunition savings. This number of tanks and artillery should have been enough to push the Germans back even to the border.
If there were factories in Leningrad due to the lack of raw materials and materials, everything would be clear - after all, the blockade and the main thing is to bring food, we will think about production later. But in conditions when people died of hunger on the move and whole families froze to death, it is not clear where they came from raw materials, materials, tools for factories (the guns were manufactured at the Motovilikhinsky plant in Perm, and until February 1942 it was the only plant producing tank and ship guns), and electricity to ensure production, and the output was shipped to the mainland - this cannot be explained by any fairy tales and myths.
The inhabitants of Leningrad, like the inhabitants of the whole country, performed an unthinkable feat. Many of them gave their lives in battles for their Motherland, many died of hunger in Leningrad, approaching the hour of victory. The feat of Pavel Korchagin pales against the background of the efforts made every day by the heroes-defenders, the heroes-residents of the besieged city.
Along with this, elementary calculations show that a lot of information is simply hidden from us, and because of this, the rest cannot be explained. One gets the impression of a global betrayal, that all this blockade was specially organized in such a way as to kill as many people as possible.
The time will come when the true guilty will be revealed and condemned, even if in absentia.
Alexey Kungurov
