American civilization originated about 10 thousand years ago and until now no trace of hominids (human ancestors) has been found on this continent, so it is believed that Native Americans migrated from other continents.
During the fourth and final glaciation period (10,000 to 40,000 years ago), groups of people from Asia crossed the frozen Bering Strait on successive migrations to America to hunt animals, and then gradually moved south to Mexico, about 21,000 years ago, and to South America about 10,000 and 14,000 years ago.
Olmec figures' faces resemble Chinese
In 1925, American archaeologist Nelson discovered a stone cuneiform artifact in the Gobi (Mongolia), and later found a similar one in Alaska. He argued that the artifacts found in Asia and America were so identical that it was impossible for the inhabitants of these continents to create them in isolation.
Between 1972 and 1974, Chinese archaeologists discovered several cuneiform stone artifacts similar to those found in America in Hutoulyan, Hebei Province, China. Jia Lanpo, a renowned Chinese archaeologist, hypothesized that the microlith culture in America could have originated in North China.
In addition, Yuri Mochanov of the Russian Academy of Sciences said that the artifacts found in Siberia are identical to those found in the Gobi and Alaska, some of them about 30,000 years old, others about 20,000 years old. This is convincing evidence of the hypothesis of the migration of Homo sapiens of the Late Paleolithic from the Gobi (Mongolia) to North America through Siberia for the purpose of hunting wild animals.
At the end of the Ice Age, about 10,000-40,000 years ago, Asian groups migrated across the Bering Strait to North and South America.
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About 3,000 years ago, at the end of the Shang and early Zhou dynasties in China, and on the Central American coast in the area that today corresponds to southeastern Mexico and parts of Guatemala, the archaic Olmec culture suddenly emerged. She expanded her influence to other countries in Central and South America through strong political and religious power, an advanced social system, and a distinctive artistic style.
The Olmec civilization was the mother of the civilization of Central America and the harbinger of civilization in the Americas. Its ups and downs are caused by unknown and mysterious factors. Historians disagree about the sudden appearance of Olmec culture. There are two main theories: diffusionist and "independent inventors".
Based on research by Professor Michael D. Coe of Yale University, an authority on these issues, some historians support the theory of "independent inventors." Coe argued that the Olmec culture developed independently, a point of view shared by most Western scholars.
Numerous proponents of the diffusionist theory believe that the American and Chinese civilizations had a connection with each other in ancient times. In the early 80s, based on the discovery of an ancient stone anchor on the seabed in South America and some records of Chinese classics, the historian and oceanographer Fang Zhongfu concluded that in ancient times the Chinese sailed across the Pacific Ocean to America.
Tiger, ceramics, Chavin culture (Andes, Peru). The Chavin culture is often associated with the Mexican Olmecs. Art of the Chavin era is similar to that of the Olmecs
Tiger and bird, Yin-Shan dynasty (the Chinese state that existed from 1600 to 1027 BC in the lands north of the exit of the Yellow River to the Great Chinese Plain)
Professor Zhang Guangzhi, an anthropologist and archaeologist at Harvard University, proposed a hypothesis about the continuity of Maya culture and Chinese civilization. Zhang believes that the ancient Chinese, who crossed the Bering Strait, traveling from Asia to America, already had a developed culture, therefore, the Yin Shan civilization and the Mayan civilization of Mesoamerica can be considered the descendants of the same ancestor.
Within the framework of the diffusionist theory, there is a hypothesis about the trip of Yin people to America, which received the most attention and is widely discussed in Chinese and foreign scientific circles. English translator Walter Henry Medhurst in the 19th century suggested that the war between the Wang ruler (founder of the Zhou dynasty) and the Zhou ruler (the last emperor of the Shang dynasty) could have caused the migration of the Yin people. To avoid conflict, they went with the flow and made it to America.
In recent years, Chinese scientists Wang Dai, Song Baozhong, Chen Hanping, and the American professor Suhui have been studying this hypothesis and have presented new arguments in favor of this theory:
• Some ceramics, jade and stone artifacts and ritual ceremonies of the Olmecs and the Shang and Zhou dynasties have much in common.
• Archaeological excavations have shown that the Olmec culture had a strong influence on the culture of the Yin Shan dynasty.
• Sacrifices and ceremonies in the Olmec culture are identical to those of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
• The signs carved on jade tablets by the Olmecs and the inscriptions on the shell of turtles bear similar symbols.
• Jade totems, jaguar symbols and figures in Olmec culture are very similar to artifacts from the Shang dynasty.
Olmec figurines
In the ceremonial center of the Olmecs, La Venta, 16 jade figurines have been unearthed, their faces are similar to those of the Chinese, and their heads are elongated, they are exactly the same as those worshiped in the Yin Shan dynasty. Also found were 6 jade tablets with images similar to the inscriptions on bones and bronze objects in the Yin-Shang dynasty. According to Wang Dai's research, the words written on these jade tablets correspond to the names of Yin's ancestors.
Venezuelan scientist Antonio Moreno claims that the Olmecs had skills in agricultural irrigation and construction, theocratic ideas, and advanced knowledge of mathematics and astronomy. These features of the Olmecs are associated with the cultural influence of the Yin-Shang dynasty, in particular the casting of bronze objects.
As for the historical background of the hypothesis "Yin's Journey to America", according to research, in the first month of the lunar year (Yingli, according to the Lunar calendar of the Yin-Shang dynasty), in 1045 BC. Ruler Wu led his army to fight Disin, Ruler of Zhou. Then Disin sent 700,000 slave soldiers to intercept the enemy in Mui. The slaves went over to the side of the enemy and the battle was lost.
Disin died in a fire in his palace. After the fall of the Yin Shan State, approximately 100,000 elite soldiers who were in Dungui under the command of General Housi disappeared without a trace.
This mystery has not yet been solved. At the same time, the Olmec culture suddenly arose in Yucatan in Central America, which had a deep resemblance to the Yin Shan civilization. This suggests that the Yin people, having gone east, reached the American mainland.
In 1300 BC, when the Olmec culture flourished in Central America, the Chavin civilization in the Andes in South America, one of the oldest in Peru, also suddenly emerged. In the 16th century, in the valley of the Mosna River, north of Peru, an architectural complex of the Chavin culture was found, used as a temple where the aborigines made sacrifices and prayed to the gods.
Objects found during the excavation include human heads and statues, dragon and jaguar heads, and stone seals from ancient Chinese civilization. These same gods and totems were worshiped in Ancient China. Some European and American scholars agree that the worship of the dragon and jaguar among the Olmecs and the people of Chavin comes from China.
Construction of Castillo in the village of Chavin de Huantar
Photo: Wikipedia Commons
According to folk tales, Yi, an ethnic Tibetan minority, and Qiang, who live in southwest China, have common ancestors. During the transition period between the Shang and Zhou dynasties (from about 1100 BC to 400 BC), part of the population of these minorities migrated south (the territory of modern Vietnam), fleeing the war, they sailed to the Philippines islands, Fiji and Polynesia, and even reached Peru. If this story is correct, then it explains the emergence of the Chavin culture at the same time.
Wang Xu, professor at the Central Conservatory of China, reported on the similarity of musical instruments used by Native Americans, such as the ocarina, pipe, and bone flute, to those of the Yi and Qiang ethnic groups, as well as the complete similarity between the Chinese and Mexican pentatonic scales.
The famous Chinese winemaker Liu Yaohan believes that part of the inhabitants of Yunnan province migrated to America in ancient times. He noted that the solar calendar of the Yi ethnic group has many similarities with the 18-month Mayan and Inca calendars. Similarly, the worship of the jaguar and the eagle, the 10-month solar calendar of the Yi people, and the octagonal stars indicate the connection between the Maya and Inca cultures with the culture of the Chinese Yi people.
Thus, the Chinese in ancient times sailed far to the east, so the civilizations in America were influenced by the ancient Chinese civilization, especially the Shang dynasty. In recent years, some archaeological discoveries have challenged the "independent inventors" theory prevalent in North American academic circles.
I am convinced that the study of the relationship between the civilizations of China and America will continue. This is a difficult path that will take a long time. This important project will be carried out jointly by Chinese and American scientists and will include many disciplines such as history, archeology, linguistics, anthropology, etc.
This great work will promote cultural exchange and the establishment of friendly relations between the two sides of the Pacific Ocean, in particular between China and Latin America.
Posted by: Sunnisan Guo, Chairman of Peace Media