It would seem that the history of the last 300 years has been thoroughly studied up and down by all and sundry. The official history has been holding on over these years as an unshakable stronghold. All the characters, their motives, motives have been thoroughly studied. Biographies, battle schemes and troop movements have been fully studied. It would seem that there is nothing to catch. However, it is these centuries that are at the same time one of the favorite targets for attacks by alternatives. And for good reason. Despite everything, the number of inconsistencies goes off scale in direct proportion to the increased amount of information.
Take Peter 1 for example
Someone claims that he was replaced, someone proves that he did not build St. Petersburg … mysteries in bulk. As well as people who see inconsistencies and ask questions.
Therefore, let Peter become our first character … Peter 1, but from a somewhat unusual angle. Let's take a segment long in his life and very quickly ride along the main milestones, only occasionally stopping for a smoke break and a little more careful consideration of the facts. What for? Then that big is sometimes seen at a distance. And the larger the object, the further you need to move away in order to see the whole picture.
Our hero was born on May 30, 1672. Yes, we know that then there was a different chronology, different dates, but at the moment it does not matter to us - it will only confuse us and lead us into unnecessary details.
So again: Our hero was born on May 30, 1672. And somehow it went wrong right away -
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a whole series of deaths followed: after 4 years his father dies, and his son from his first marriage, Fedor, was chosen to the throne, Fedor himself also dies 6 years later, and a few weeks later a streltsy uprising took place in Moscow. Apparently they suspected something was wrong, but after another 10 days, the ten-year-old Peter 1 and his brother Ivan 5 were proclaimed tsars, and three days later Princess Sophia, the elder sister, became the regent-ruler. A month later, Ivan and Peter were crowned, and for the next 7 years Sophia ruled unchallenged.
but in the fall of 1689 she was deposed and sent to the Novodevichy monastery, apparently resisted and did not want to give power to the tsars. I emphasize - TO KINGS! Peter and Ivan - dual power! The younger Peter was pleasing to the boyars, and the elder Ivan to the Streltsy and the people. This seems to be a small but very important nuance, which we will remember more than once.
6 years of double reign passed
And in 1695, on February 6, 23-year-old Peter made his first Azov campaign.
Here at this point we will pause and clarify - what was the situation in the world at that moment?
On the same day, February 6, the mathematician Nikolai Bernoulli was born and in the same year the astronomer Christian Huygens, the inventor of the wave theory of light, died.
France is at war with Spain, Denmark and Holland with Sweden, which is an ally of France, the Holy Roman Empire is mired in the war of the Augsburg League and the Polish-Turkish war is in full swing - it was this year that the battle of Lvov between the Crimean Tatars and the Poles took place.
In Sweden, two years before that, Queen Ulrika Eleanor had died, Karl 11 remained the ruler, and this year there was a severe crop failure in Sweden.
However, the strangest thing was happening on the other side of the world - in the Ottoman Empire. Historians, as if casually, report that this year Sultan Ahmed2 died and Sultan Mustafa 2 took the throne. Would it seem that this is strange? Well, everyone dies … Yes, and in Wikipedia, this event is usually in the last place.
However, here we are faced with some kind of magic of numbers. Judge for yourself:
February 6 - Mustafa's 2 birthday
and on February 6, 1695 Ahmed 2 dies, respectively, Mustafa 2 becomes the sultan on his birthday.
and EXACTLY on this day - February 6, 1695, Peter decides to go to war against the Ottoman Empire - to take Azov.
The day of the beginning of the war was chosen perfectly, as if Peter knew something … But there was no Internet and telephone then?
I don’t think this is a simple coincidence, but the question is - by what pigeon mail did the news of Ahmed's death reach Peter on the same day? and on the same day he decided to go to war. In the winter. Or is this an incredible coincidence?
And from this point of view, the motives of young Peter seem to become more understandable - to take advantage of the war of the Ottoman Empire with Poland and the leapfrog after the death of the Sultan, and go to war on Azov.
So, 4 months later, in June 1695, Russian troops besieged Azov. That is, the army overcame almost 1,200 kilometers on a march of about 10-12 kilometers a day. Something like that was not in a hurry. But the army was also considerable - 3 groups, with a total number of almost 30 thousand people. And here the second inconsistency - the troops did not cut off Azov from communication with the outside world, did not take Azov in the ring, but made an attempt to attack the fortress from the water, for which they built a small fleet of plow boats. In fact, there are many inconsistencies and contradictions in this campaign, but we will not dwell on them - we are looking at a large scale, so we go further.
We already know that it took 4 months to move the troops from Azov to Moscow. It is logical to assume that the way back was not shorter. And this means that if the siege was lifted on October 2, then by January 1696 the troops should have just come to Moscow.
and again, by a strange coincidence or evil fate, it was in January 1696 - on the 29th, that is, apparently upon the return of the troops, Tsar Ivan 5 dies.
Ivan 5.
On May 16, 1696, the troops again besieged Azov. This time there were twice as many - 70 thousand. Hence the strange thought - in the first place, the troops set off on the second campaign practically without rest - that is, they came to Moscow, united with the reinforcements and immediately moved back - well, this is how it turns out chronologically. Second, where did the extra 40,000 soldiers suddenly come from? It is logical to assume that since during the first campaign of Peter there was a dual power, the army was also divided into two halves - half for Peter, the other half - large, for Ivan. And perhaps Ivan did not want to share it, but very opportunely died. Forgive me, but there is nothing more I can explain the sudden appearance of a twice as large army practically from nowhere, right away, even without recruiting.
So, on May 16, 1696, Russian troops again besieged Azov, and despite the support of the garrison by 60 thousand Tatars - that is, the forces were at least equal, on July 19 Azov surrendered.
Almost immediately, on July 27, the city of Taganrog was founded, and Peter returned to Moscow. And a few months later, on March 10, 1697, he went to his grand embassy in Europe.
What for? Europe at that moment is busy with its own problems, Sweden was not going to fight with us, what allies was he going to look for there and for what?
However, again by a strange coincidence, 25 days after Peter's departure, King Karl 11 of Sweden died of stomach cancer in Stockholm.
I must say that he began to complain of severe pains back in February, in March Peter rushed to the great embassy urgently, and on April 5, Karl had already died. By the way, it was the same Karl, whose deplorable speech, written in Russian, but in Latin letters, is often shown to us by alternative researchers.
Well, something like that … and we continue. As you can see, death literally follows in the footsteps of Peter 1.
In the meantime, Peter is not there - just in April, on the same dates on April 3-5, a streltsy revolt arises in Moscow, which was suppressed on June 18 during a battle near the New Jerusalem monastery near Istra.
On August 25 of the same year, Peter urgently returned to Moscow. And, judging by the timing, he did not manage to travel very well - that is, he hardly achieved his goal, returning halfway just because of the riot.
The executions and investigations of the archers continued throughout the fall, and a year later, in November 1699, an agreement was concluded with Saxony, Denmark, against Sweden.
What has been happening this whole year? Which cat ran between Russia and Sweden? The new king Charles 12 wanted to fight with Russia or, on the contrary, did Peter want to attack her? it is not yet clear, but we will definitely figure it out. So the matter is moving towards war.
On December 20, 1699, a new chronology is introduced … as they say, nothing foreshadowed and here again … There are many speculations about why this was done, but against the backdrop of all that is happening - was it not a condition of the Saxons for an alliance against Sweden?
On July 3, 1700, a peace treaty was concluded with Turkey, according to which several small fortresses were returned to it, with the obligatory subsequent destruction! The parties agreed not to build defensive structures on the borders, and pledged to keep peace for 30 years.
This freed Peter's hands and he entered the northern war with Sweden. The question is why?
Of course, wikipedia and the school tell us that you need to get access to the sea, but for what? We also had Arkhangelsk in the north and Taganrog with the basics in the south. The most reasonable would say that in this way a single waterway was formed from the Black to the Baltic seas along the rivers of Russia with a transfer somewhere in Moscow or Tver … Perhaps it sounds quite reasonable - a kind of new silk road. But let's not jump to conclusions. Let's see what happened next.
in November 1700. Peter went to war against Sweden and laid siege to the fortress of Narva.
And at this moment we will again linger a little longer: Why exactly Narva? look at its geographical position - a small fortress-star, located on the bank of a tiny river, 12 kilometers from the seashore.
On the eve of this war, two of the three Peter's generals, who took Azov, again die - Lefort and Gordon
And in total, over 60 thousand soldiers were pulled up to this unfortunate fortress.
Why bother taking it? who needed it in the interior of the mainland? What was it guarding? There was no Narva reservoir at that time, and if Peter needed access to the sea, it was quite possible to simply surround it and starve it out, without assault. Yes, there the soldiers would have died of hunger.
But no. One of the bloodiest battles unfolded, during which we lost, and Peter, who never left the battlefield, for some reason fled.
However, if we look at one of the drawings of the alignment of forces before the battle, we will be surprised to see something similar to the coastline not far from the fortress …
This can happen if the water level was 12 meters higher than the current one. In addition, at such a water level, there was indeed a swamp on the site of St. Petersburg. Plus the strange timing is November. Taking the northern city during cold weather? I'm certainly not a strategist, but the idea is so-so.
So on November 19, 1700, the Russian troops lost the battle for the useless Narva, and after 2 months, on January 14, 1701, Peter issued a decree on the founding of a navigation school. That is, there were no other worries. Move on
from 1701 to 1702, skirmishes with Swedish troops continued unexpectedly in a different direction from Narva - in the space between the Gulf of Riga and Lake Peipsi. The first two major victories of the Russian army were also won there - in the battle of Erestfer and Gumelshof. What's so strange about these battles? The impression is that the Swedes are trying to break through somewhere to the south, and Peter is trying to keep them out.
In the fall of 1702, Peter inflicted a counterattack in a place unexpected for the Swedes - he took control of the Oreshek fortress in Lake Ladoga, and after a long 7 months, in May he took control of the Nyenskans fortress - this is already within the boundaries of the modern city of St. Petersburg. By the way, why did it take Peter 7 months and where was the Swedish army all this time?
After 9 days, Peter “founds” St. Petersburg. Many words have already been said about this moment, but our task is to quickly go over the main milestones, so we will not stay here for a long time … until we are.
a year later, in 1704, the capture of Dorpat and Narva. Wait … well, Narva is clear, but Dorpat? it's not far from Gumelshof and Erestfer, where we recently won a victory …
And suddenly, suddenly, a series of uprisings. first the Astrakhan uprising, from 1705 to 1706, and then immediately the Don uprising under the leadership of Bulavin from 1707 to 1708. That is, three or four years of uprisings and riots, during which Bulavin, by the way, for some reason tried to take Azov … why? … well, it doesn't matter yet. And what were the Swedes doing all this time?
Nothing?.. strange politeness … just real gentlemen. However, as soon as the riots were suppressed, Charles 12 finally ordered his general Levengaupt to gather an army with the aim of invading Russia again. Levengaupt gathered about 16 thousand people, after which he received cabbage soup in the battle of Lesnaya, from Peter, who came running in puffs.
But wait … where is Lesnaya? so this is the Mogilev region in Belarus, not far from Smolensk … How did the Swedes end up there? A thousand kilometers south of Narva !!
This raises some suspicions. Firstly, that the Swedes are not so gentlemen, all 4 years of riots in Russia, they slowly continued on their way, and secondly, where?
South? that is, they didn't really need Russia … the purpose of the campaign was different. In any case, such a feeling is already taking shape. And on their way there was a choice - either to fight with Poland or with Russia. But why? where did they go?
question…
six months later, on June 27, 1709, Peter again defeated the Swedes, this time at Poltava.
but excuse me … this is another thousand kilometers south of the previous battle. How is it, we are constantly winning, and the Swedish forces continue to move south …
I think it is already possible to draw some conclusions. Let's look at the battle map in chronological order. It turns out a clear straight line, abutting … in Berdyansk … More precisely, in the coast of the Sea of Azov, just over a hundred kilometers from Taganrog and Azov.
Three days later, the Forces of the Russian Army captured the remnants of the Swedes another 200 km to the south, near Perevolochna. The Swedes stubbornly continued to run south, as if they had forgotten where their homeland was.
Nevertheless, Karl 12 managed to reach the Turkish border.
Thus, Charles found himself within the borders of the Ottoman Empire, on the one side Russia, on the other side Poland, on the third side the Saxons and the Roman Empire. You can certainly try to break through to your homeland through Poland, or to France through the Saxons, but without an impressive army, this is tantamount to suicide. So Karl12 remained locked in Bender, on Turkish territory.
Peter did not hesitate to take advantage of this opportunity and spent the next one and a half to two years to capture the remaining unprotected Riga, Revel, Vyborg, Kexholm and others.
However, after 2 years, Peter decided to finish off Karl and went in search of him to Bessarabia.
He went with his army to the Prut River, not far from Iasi, where he found Charles, as well as a five times larger Ottoman group. Which did not hesitate to surround Peter. It would seem that this is all. There is no chance of survival. Peter understood this too, so he sent a negotiator with a huge sum of money of 150 thousand rubles to the Turkish vizier to come to an agreement.
And oddly enough it succeeded. The Turks signed the Prut Peace Treaty.
Count Boris Sheremetyev - envoy on behalf of Russia.
However, other sources say that he continued to pursue Karl all the way to the border with Turkey, to Yassy, where in the area of the Prut River, he fell into the shameful encirclement of Turkish troops, along with the remnants of the Swedish troops and was on the verge of death. However, the sultan was merciful and released Peter, concluding the Prut peace treaty with him.
Despite the fact that Peter had no chance to escape. What is this attraction of unheard of generosity? Why did the sultan release the tsar, although he had the opportunity to capture all of Russia, and even Sweden? What was Peter's equilibrium condition?
Why did the Turkish Sultan essentially give him life?
but for what:
1. Let go of Poland
2. Do not touch the Cossacks
3. Promise to let Karl go to his home in Sweden
4. Destroy Taganrog.
5. Give Azov
moreover, after signing the treaty, the Turks even supplied the Russian army with their cavalry, to protect them from the raids of the Tatars …
Do you understand everything? I personally don't.
After this event, Peter no longer fought. For the next 12 years, Peter seemed to have calmed down and switched his energy to the rise of the country. He issued decrees, built cities, carried out reforms and cut intrigues. But active wars were over, and in 1721 the Nystad peace was even concluded with Sweden.
However, the poet's soul could not stand it - 12 years later, in 1722, Peter again decided to fight. This time, he decided to annex the western and southern coasts of the Caspian Sea to Russia. He did it. in 1723 the Caspian campaigns ended in victory, and a little over a year later - in January 1725, Peter suddenly died.
So what new have we learned? We learned about three opposing forces in the early 18th century. These are Russia, Sweden and Turkey. We learned about their uneasy relationship. About some kind of maniacal desire for all three to seize Azov / Taganrog and future Petersburg.
At the very beginning of the events, the area with St. Petersburg was owned by the Swedes, and the Turks owned Azov, but neither one nor the other received profit from this, since Russia was between these cities. And maybe for some other reason. At the end of the story, Russia began to possess Petersburg and nominally Taganrog, albeit in a ruined state.
But this is only the very beginning of the story. It will be more interesting further …