At the end of the 18th century, a selection of archival documents was made for the Polish king Stanislav Poniatowski at the Vatican. Surprisingly, the popes did not notice that Russia for a long time was under the Mongol-Tatar yoke! Or was there really no yoke?
Russians in the letters of popes are divided into Catholics and Greek sectarians. They also show that there were Catholic bishops in Russia at that time.
Catholic seduction
Since 1226, the Livonian Order was given permission to receive missionaries arriving to protect the Catholic faith and its spread. In February 1227, a strange (if we adhere to the point of view of the existence of the Mongol yoke) message from Pope Honorius III "to all the kings of Russia" (Universis regibus Russiae) was sent with a message about the sending of a legate to confirm them (Russians) in the Catholic faith, if they recognize their mistakes and will be ready to renounce them.
And in 1231, Pope Gregory IX wrote to George, "the glorious Tsar of Russia" (meaning Yuri Vsevolodovich!), An exhortation that he too "should abandon Greek and Ruthenian customs, save his soul and introduce Christianity according to the Latin rite."
George, aka Yuri Vsevolodovich, since 1219 the Grand Duke of Vladimir, fought with the Bulgarians, founded Nizhny Novgorod, sent his son to reign in Veliky Novgorod, refused to help the Ryazanians when they rebelled against the "father" Batu, and in 1238 he himself died in the battle against him at the City River. What happens: did he not obey the admonitions of the Pope about the transition to Catholicism and died from the Mongols? How can this be coordinated with each other? Or was the Catholic yoke later called Mongolian?
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About marriages with other women
In 1232, the Pope took care of Polish-Russian relations in his letters. He demands to prohibit marriages between Catholics and Russians, since husbands re-baptize their wives into Orthodoxy. He writes about the flight of peasants from Poland to Russia, forbids the Polish archbishop to resort during the war to the help of the Saracens, Rusyns "and other enemies of the Catholic faith." He sends a request about whether it would be useful to move the Archbishopric of Galicia to another city, since Galicia is surrounded on all sides by unfaithful tartars, lituanians and schismatics. "Tartars" in translation - "hellish people". Here, either the unbaptized local residents, or the Germans, who obeyed their emperor more than the pope, are so named. And further in the letter it is said about various benefits to the Dominican Order in Russia (in Russia).
Again the question arises: where is the Mongol yoke? An order (and not a wild horde) of Dominican preachers is actively working in Russia, and the Rutheni (Rutheni) are also equated with the Saracens, enemies of Catholicism. It turns out that the Russian princes were asserted in their rights to reign not by the Mongol elders of the ail, who roamed from the Gobi desert, but by the popes themselves?
8 1237 the pope united two orders, the Teutonic and the sword-bearers, and informed the bishops of Riga, Derpt and Ezelsk about accepting the united order under his special protection. At the beginning of the 13th century, the Teutonic Order moved from Palestine to Transylvania, and then to Poland, to fight the Russians. Even earlier, in 1226, Emperor Frederick II authorized the Grand Master of this order, Hermann von Salz, to conquer the Po-Russian (later - Prussian) land, granting him, his successors and the order forever all the lands that he would receive from Poland and which he would conquer himself.
And where is the Tatar-Mongol invasion of Russia, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, which, according to modern history textbooks, fills just this period of time? Popes never mention the famous Tatar-Mongols among Russian schoolchildren. They write in their letters about completely different matters. Either about the appointment of bishops to the Russian principalities, now about the acceptance of certain lands under the patronage of St. Peter and the Pope, then about sending confessors with powers, while spitting on the subordination of the Russians to the godless, invincible terrible Tatars from Mongolia.
No less curious is Pope Innocent's message to "John the Glorious Tsar of Russia" about his joining Catholicism at the request of John himself, for which a papal legate, Archbishop of Prussia and Estonia was sent to him.
This message is dated to 1246 and is attributed to Innocent IV (1243-1254), but there is a historical discrepancy - there was no "John the glorious Tsar" in Russia at that time. But there was such a hundred years later under Pope Innocent VI (1352-1362): this is the Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir, John II the Meek (1326-1358), the son of Ioann Kalita.
Textbooks claim that John II "received a label for the great reign from the khan," but it turns out that he received the label from the khan of Bati-kan, from the Vatican ruler Innocent VI, and was not Orthodox, but a Catholic, and his father, Ivan Kalita, the collector of the Russian land, too. And Kalita conducted his gathering with the help of papal orders of knighthood, and the nomadic Mongolian herders had nothing to do with it?
Dmitry KALYUZHNY
"Mysteries of History" No. 12 2012