The literal translation of "Mohenjo-Daro" from the Hindi language sounds like "the hill of the dead". This name belongs to one ancient city that existed 5,000 years ago. Now it is the territory of modern India. The remains of civilization were discovered in 1922 by archaeologist R. Banerjee. Until that time, no one even suspected that a developed civilization once existed here. It is worth noting that this discovery puzzled archaeologists. Until now, the cause of the death of an entire civilization has not been solved, as to this day it is not known what happened to the city itself.
There are still many questions of interest to researchers. It must be said that in the ruins of the city, archaeologists have not been able to find massive remains of either people or any animals. Archaeologists also did not find any traces of destruction and weapons. The only thing the experts are sure of is that the misfortune, whatever it may be, caught the residents by surprise. Various theories have been put forward. Since the city was located in the Indus Valley, it is highly likely that this could have been a flood, although no trace of this natural disaster was found. Epidemic? Also disappears, because such a hypothesis was not confirmed by excavations. No disease could kill all the inhabitants at once. The reason for the attack of the Aryans was immediately discarded, since no traces of death from weapons were found on any of the remains found. But the theory of fires was not rejected. Some researchers are inclined to believe that the city of Mohenjo-Daro was the victim of a nuclear disaster.
Such a theory, although it looks incredible, given that civilization existed 5 thousand years ago, but has confirmation. Archaeologists have discovered, for example, solid layers of clay and green glass that have been sintered by incredibly high temperatures. First, the materials melted and then cooled down instantly. The analyzes carried out showed that the finds were exposed to temperatures of 1500 degrees Celsius. Agree, for such an ancient civilization, the temperature is incredible. During the inspection of the territory, an area was still discovered in which all the buildings were simply demolished, allegedly by a hurricane. This place could well become the epicenter of the explosion.
It is difficult for us to believe that people who lived 50 centuries ago used atomic energy. In one ancient Indian poem Mahabharata it is said that there was an explosion on the earth earlier, which caused "blinding light and fire without smoke", as well as one from which the water boiled. " However, this is just a theory …
What was this ancient city really like? At the beginning of the excavations, archaeologists were inclined to believe that this is not a separate civilization, but part of the Sumerian one. But more and more buildings were found underground, and now many supported the theory that this is still a separate civilization. In our time, it is called the Proto-Indian civilization. It was found that the city covered approximately 260 hectares. It should be noted that this is the oldest example of a quarterly city structure. Clear neighborhoods, parallel streets or at right angles. Mohenjo-Daro was built very intelligently, as this strategy protected the buildings from the wind. The houses did not differ in intricacy: all were built in the form of boxes, but people lived very comfortably. On every street, not only wells were found, but also some canals - irrigation ditches. They were designed to supply water directly to homes. And it came already warm, as it was heated by the sun. This is a prototype of a modern water supply system.
In addition to structures that delighted archaeologists, handicraft tools, agricultural implements, dishes, as well as bronze and copper jewelry were found in the city.
Many questions remain unanswered: how exactly did civilization die? What race were the inhabitants? What language did you speak? But one thing is clear: 5 thousand years ago, a developed civilization existed in the city of Mohenjo-Daro.
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