Scientists often fall into a state where it seems to be possible to assume that most of the fundamental laws of nature have already been discovered, and we know most of the rules that govern the universe.
Usually, however, lack of humility is punished, and physics, when it comes to a theory of everything, suddenly needs to be darned using indirect concepts.
Such an example is the famous Higgs boson, but also the concepts of dark energy and dark matter.
All these concepts have in common that scientists need them because they complement their theories.
Paradoxically, a common problem they face is the problem of mass, with which strange things happen.
This is the problem of infinite masses that gave birth to the concept of the Higgs particle. A similar process takes place in astrophysics, where, due to the complete discrediting of cosmological theories, astronomers and astrophysicists need virtual concepts such as "dark matter" or "dark energy".
First, they came to the concept that the gravity of all space objects is so great that the universe should begin to shrink.
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However, when they discovered that the universe we knew was not enough to keep it from slowing down, she sped up the theory that it was probably an invisible force, "dark energy." Something dark is undoubtedly an important piece of the puzzle.
Science, in which the concept of "ether" is reused from time to time, is not serious, but what to do if we know so little about the world. The concepts of dark energy and dark matter are perfect examples of the powerlessness of modern science.
When it was thought that we know something, it suddenly turns out to be "BUT". The theory of dark matter assumes that it is the main component of the universe, but in fact it fills the lack of knowledge in the field of the theory of gravity.
However, it has recently been found that there is too little matter in the vicinity of stars and their immediate surroundings.
The models even indicate that it does not exist, because scientists studying the motion of stars after entering parameters without dark matter have obtained results indicating that their motion is in accordance with real measurements.
Again, mathematics did not play an important role, and it turned out that we were missing some important factor that allows us to understand the processes taking place in the universe.
Interestingly, modern science has shortcomings in knowledge of the concepts that are the complete basis for describing the universe, mass and gravity.
All we know is that we need indirect concepts to describe these phenomena.