Science requires sacrifice, and medical science is no exception. But only in medicine, innocent people become victims. The doctors conducted these terrible experiments, sincerely believing that they were acting for the sake of progress.
Singer's radiation experiments
For 12 years, from 1960 to 1972, American physician Eugene Sanger, commissioned by the US Department of the Turnover, conducted a study at Cincinnati Central Hospital, the purpose of which was to study the effect of radiation on people. Hundreds of people have become victims of Sanger, mostly poor African Americans suffering from cancer. Instead of anticancer drugs, these unsuspecting people received radioactive drugs containing high doses of radiation. Sanger monitored their condition closely, carefully recording his observations. In total, several hundred people were involved in the experiments, 89 of them died painfully. Sanger was never punished. Until the end of his life, he was convinced of the necessity of his experiments, believing that they ensured the country's readiness for a nuclear war.
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Test slaves of Marion Sims
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Marion Sims is considered one of the fathers of modern gynecology. It was he who first learned to do an operation to remove vaginal fistulas. True, not everyone knows that black slaves helped him to master this technique. Of course, no one asked their consent to help. In 1845, Sims specially bought himself three slaves - Anarch, Betsy and Lucy - to hone the technique of the operation on them. Each had to undergo more than a dozen operations, and the "main experimental" Anarch - about thirty! At the same time, since doctors in those days used anesthesia with great caution, all operations took place without anesthesia.
Source: mediad.publicbroadcasting.net
"Camera" under the roof of the KGB
There is still no exact data about these experiments, however, what is already known is enough to be horrified. We are talking about the work of the toxicological laboratory of the state security organs of the SSR, where experiments with toxic substances on prisoners sentenced to capital punishment have been carried out for decades. This laboratory was known as "Laboratory 1" or "Chamber". There, substances such as digitoxin, ricin, mustard gas and other deadly poisons were injected into the prisoners' bodies. Of course, almost all the participants in the experiments died - under the close supervision of physicians, who recorded all changes in their condition. The research results were used in the production of chemical warfare agents.
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Project 4.1
After conducting nuclear tests on Bikini Atoll, the neighboring Marshall Islands were subjected to massive exposure to radiation. To study its effect on humans, immediately after the tests, in 1954, a group of American doctors arrived on the islands. Over the years, they have observed how radiation affects the body of the victims. They carefully recorded the symptoms manifested in Aboriginal people, including women and children: the growth of tumors, bleeding, tooth loss … However, only after the end of the study, the US Department of Energy mildly rebuked the doctors that “the study of the effects of radiation on people could be carried out in parallel with treatment of victims of radiation . But those did not even think of it, because the treatment would violate the purity of the experiment.
Source: ep.yimg.com
Monster
In 1939, Professor Wendell Johnson of the University of Iowa and his student Marie Tudor conducted a study on the development of speech disorders in children. Having recruited a group of 22 preschoolers, they divided it into two parts and began to conduct classes with them to improve their speech skills. At the same time, they regularly praised children from the first group for their successes, and mocked and insulted the second ones, calling them "pathetic stutterers." As a result of the experiment, many children from the second group began to develop stuttering and other problems with speech, and even those who had not experienced any difficulties before the experiment. More than half of the participants did not manage to get rid of the speech pathologies and mental trauma received during the experiment until the end of their lives. Only in 2001, the University of Iowa made an official apology to the victims.
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MK-ULTRA project
This experimental program was carried out by CIA specialists to study the means of manipulating consciousness. The project has been running since the early 1950s at the Allan Institute of Psychology in Quebec, Canada, and over the more than 10 years of its existence, hundreds of unsuspecting people have become its victims. The experiments were carried out on patients of the institute who applied there for minor problems, such as neuroses or increased anxiety. They were injected into an artificial coma, under the guise of sedative drugs, given powerful drugs like the infamous "truth serum", electrocuted, and other equally dangerous experiments were performed on their bodies and minds. Only in the early 1970s, when information about the program surfaced and a huge scandal erupted, the MK-ULTRA project was closed.
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Tuskegee Syphilis Study
This medical experiment, which lasted from 1932 to 1972, took place in Tuskegee, Alabama. Its organizers decided to sequentially study all stages of the development of syphilis. The test subjects were black residents of the city. Doctors carefully recorded symptoms in men infected with syphilis, while not only providing them with no treatment, but also hiding information that syphilis could be cured, and making sure that the subjects did not receive medical care in clinics in other cities. As a result, families in Tuskegee were dying of syphilis, while the disease had long been under control throughout the country. The Tuskegee experiment was later described as the most infamous chapter in the history of American biomedical research.
Source: cdc.gov
Lobotomy as a medicine
In 1935, the Portuguese psychiatrist Egas Moniz suggested that mental illness is a consequence of the excessive work of the frontal lobes of the brain. If these lobes were slowed down or partially removed, he believed, the mental illness would disappear. Monitz enthusiastically began to cut the skulls of his patients, removing parts of the frontal lobes or disrupting connections between parts of the brain. The results were, for the most part, a matter of chance: some of the patients did get better for a while, in others the condition worsened, in others the attacks of psychosis immediately resumed with the same intensity. Several patients died under the knife. In the end, Egas Moniza was shot by one of the patients. Despite the fact that Moniz's method had no proven effectiveness, in 1949 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his experiments. This case is considered one of the most striking manifestations of black irony in the history of medicine.
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