Probably, of all the phenomena of our life, time is the most mysterious. Nobody knows what it, in essence, is, but everyone lives in it and abides in it so organically that they do not notice it, however, it is very difficult to imagine moving in time using artificial methods. From a physiological point of view, scientists perceive it as a certain quantity, for the unit of which the brain manages to process a certain amount of information. The longer the brain performs simple calculations, the faster time flies for a person, but the secrets of time remain closed to scientists.
Irish scientists have found that in a dream and for some time after it, brain activity is halved, that is, the brain spends 2 times more time thinking about simple thoughts in a sleepy state, in contrast to being awake. Therefore, it is for this reason that it seems to us that time flies faster in the morning. Earlier, in a similar experiment, an extreme situation was created for a person. It turned out that when there is a mortal danger, the speed of the brain increases many times, respectively, it manages to process much more information per unit of time, and therefore it seems that it slows down.
From a physical point of view, the nature of time is a complete mystery. There is little that can be said concretely about him. No doubt he has direction. It also contains the ability to change everything around. There is a subjective and objective time, and it is officially believed that no one was able to move in time into the past, and that he himself, having returned to the future, continues to live in his personal time. However, there is a different kind of evidence regarding time travel. The classical relational concept of time assumes that its main feature is variability. In this case, the concept of "time" was introduced to serve as a measure of the changes that have occurred. People "agreed" to consider the variability of some phenomenon as the standard of time and invented a clock. There is a concept of primacy of perception,according to which time is understood as the orderliness in the consciousness of what a person perceives, and social time is a phenomenon of collective consciousness.
The relationship of the empirical and logical sciences with this phenomenon did not develop, since the repeatability of the phenomenon or, even better, its reproducibility in laboratory conditions is important for them. It is clear that this property is absent in time. Plato argued that only the lower forms of spirit, which descended to the level of matter, are subject to time, and the task of time was reduced to the destruction of fleeting matter and the release of the pure idea imprisoned in it. The opinion of the philosopher was very widespread in the era of antiquity, which caused the imposition of a taboo on the use of the concept of time in mathematical constructions, because they aimed at eternity and should not have been exposed to decay.
Indicative is the fact that this attitude has been preserved in certain branches of mathematics to the present day. However, due to the rapid development of computer technology, programmers and logicians were completely unhappy with this state of affairs, and the situation began to change.
Physics is a specific area of knowledge in which it is impossible to ignore the concept of time. Even Archimedes strove to formalize the results of knowledge so that they could be used in equations. But how can time be formalized?
Ordinary people may not be aware of the full mystery of time. Every home has a clock. However, the question is exactly what they are measuring, and how to determine if they have measured correctly what no longer exists after the measurement is completed. One time period cannot be defined multiple times, as each will follow the other.
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Scientists have figured out how to get out of this situation. They measure a specific time interval with different clocks and then compare the results. In general, this method is used to determine the accuracy of time measurements. The most accurate are atomic clocks, in which time is counted by a huge set of small clocks - isotope atoms.
Time travel
Currently, the vast majority of scientists studying time are sure of its many faces. Each field of science has its own models of time that are adequate to the phenomena under study: physical, biochemical, biological, cosmological, psychological, social, etc. However, such diversity does not mean contradictions. It's just that each industry has its own ways of observing time.
The main mathematical model of space-time is the theory of relativity and geometry of the German mathematician Hermann Minkowski. In them, time does not serve as a parameter of processes occurring in nature, but acquires a full-fledged right to exist in the form of the fourth dimension, and it is impossible to freely change the direction of movement along this axis. Therefore, the Universe and we together with it are forced to move continuously only into the future. It is impossible to change the direction of a large number of particles at once, so those of them that had a different direction initially moved into the past and fly away from us in time further and further. We do not even know if there are forces in our world that can redirect at least one particle. The topic related to changes in direction over time attracts many serious scientists. A huge number of time travel theories only confirm this. In fact, the possibility of creating a time machine remains one of the most intriguing in modern science, albeit the most controversial, since there is not even a universal definition of time. However, there are facts of travel in time: the British Royal Metapsychic Society stores at least two hundred such cases in its archives.
Until Albert Einstein appeared with his theory of relativity, it was mostly only writers who talked about time travel. At the same time, this idea was first, as far as we know, not expressed by H. G. Wells, but by Edward Page Mitchell in the story "The Clock That Went Backward." The fashion for thinking about time travel among physicists spread just after Einstein. Until now, all more or less serious theories on this issue are associated with its space-time continuum. It is believed that it was Einstein, a revolutionary in the concept of space and time, who once uttered the sacramental phrase: "Newton, forgive me!" Recall that according to the theory of relativity, when a speed is close to the speed of light, time slows down. From a practical point of view, this postulate serves as an obstacle,because the speed of light is practically unattainable. The theory states that at a similar speed, everything else, the weight of the object increases and at maximum is almost infinite.
Wormholes
There is a generally accepted postulate among most scientists: if time travel is destined to come true, it will not be due to the invention of any transport, but it will be associated with the discovery of a specific environment in which any transport will develop the required speed. Of course, the time corridor can appear on its own due to natural factors. It is believed that these can be black holes, spatial tunnels, cosmic strings, wormholes, etc. It should be noted that black holes are better suited for the role of supposed time corridors. At the moment, very little is known about this natural phenomenon. A gravitational field (event horizon) forms around the black hole, in which objects reach the speed of light. There are suggestions that inside black holes, at the so-called singular point,time and space stop functioning and change places, as a result of which travel in space becomes travel in time.