In a sense, each of us is a time traveler, but we can only move forward in time. But this is not particularly impressive and it should be admitted that time travel has not been fully explored. Until now, there is not only eyewitnesses of travel, but also a universal definition of the very concept of time.
Before the advent of Einstein's theory of relativity, only authors of literary works fantasized about the possibility of time travel. After Einstein, it became fashionable in science to think about the phenomenon of time travel. But so far there has been no serious progress in this direction.
Everyone knows that we are constantly moving in time from the past to the future, and whether we like it or not, we are constantly subject to change. We measure the passage of time in seconds, hours or years, but this does not mean at all that the passage of time goes at a constant speed. It is possible that time in different places or at different times goes differently.
So moving into the future is quite possible, the only question is how quickly this movement will occur. As for travel back in time, the theory of relativity does not rule out the possibility of travel back in time, but there are several frequently cited arguments against travel back in time:
- violation of causal relationships, - logical paradoxes, - the absence of documented publicly available facts of the presence of aliens from the future in our time.
In science, the first problem is not considered now, believing that the time machine and the violation of cause-and-effect relationships are just synonyms and there is no topic for discussion.
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The solution to the second argument was proposed in the work of S. Krasnikov, the essence of which is that when creating a time machine, an extremely atypical for classical physics uncertainty arises: no matter how well we know the initial data, we cannot unambiguously predict the evolution of space-time. Moreover, among the infinite number of possible options, there is always one in which the time machine does not appear.
It is likely that time travel depends on existing phenomena in space, for example, black holes or wormholes (some tunnels, perhaps very short, connecting distant regions in space, through a violation of the topology of space).
The most likely contenders for the corridors of time are called black holes, about the very nature of which little is known today. It is generally accepted in science that stars whose mass is several times greater than the mass of the Sun, dying as a result of the combustion of their fuel, explode under the pressure caused by their own weight.
As a result of such explosions, black holes appear, in which such powerful gravitational fields are formed that even light cannot escape from this area. Any object that reaches the boundaries of black holes - the so-called event horizons - is sucked into them, and what is happening inside is absolutely not visible from the outside.
The researchers suggest that in the depths of black holes, at the so-called singular point, somewhere in their center, the laws of physics cease to operate, and the time and space coordinates simply change places. As a result, travel in space turns into travel in time.
Scientists have put forward the assumption that if there are black holes that pull in everything that turned out to be in the zone of their influence, then white holes must exist somewhere, pushing out matter with the same crushing force.
However, California Institute of Technology physicist Kip Thorne said that before any body reaches the area where the laws of traditional physics cease to operate, that body will be destroyed. He proposed a more efficient way to obtain the required acceleration value for time travel.
Thorne, basing again on Einstein's theory, according to which space is constant everywhere with time, studied other "holes" in the space-time continuum. Such tunnels, in his opinion, are capable of forming due to casual twisting in the space between very distant objects. These tunnels should connect the most distant points in space, existing, however, in fundamentally different time planes. Thorne quite seriously suggested that at the time of opening such tunnels, in order to keep them open all the time, cover the tunnel surfaces with an exotic substance that has a negative energy density. And when gravitational forces begin to tend to destroy the tunnel, trying to close it, the coating will allow the walls to be pushed apart, keeping it from collapse.
Princeton physicist Richard Goth put forward the theory of the existence of comic strings, formed in the earliest stages of the formation of the universe. According to this string theory, literally all the microparticles were formed by tiny strings closed in a loop, while they are under monstrously high tension, reaching hundreds of millions of tons. The thickness of these strings is much less than an atom, but the colossal force of gravity with which they can act on those objects that fall into the zone of their influence can accelerate them to a gigantic super-speed. The combination of these strings, as well as the juxtaposition of a black hole and such a string, can create closed corridors with curved space-time continua, which can be used for time travel.
Apparently, closed studies in this area are underway, but the results of these experiments were not disclosed. So far, the hypothetical possibility of time travel still exists, and even the most critical skeptics are not able to definitively refute it.